天津市老年高知人群轻度认知功能障碍现况调查

目的了解天津市部分老年高知人群轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)现况及其影响因素。方法采用蒙特利尔认知评估问卷(MoCA),对天津市某三甲医院体检中心来院体检的2105名老年高知人群进行问卷调查,并应用单因素及多元logistic回归分析轻度认知功能障碍的影响因素。结果 2105名天津老年高知人群平均MoCA得分为26.81±1.85,MCI检出402人,检出率为19.10%;单因素分析结果显示,性别(χ~2=21.23,P0.01)和甘油三酯异常(χ~2=5.84,P0.05)对老年人MCI的检出均有影响;多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=0.29,95%CI:0.42～0.70)、未饮用葡萄酒(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.40～0.99)、甘油三酯异常(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.09～1.71)进入回归模型(P0.05)。结论影响天津市老年高知人群MCI检出的因素中女性、未饮用葡萄酒是保护因素,甘油三酯异常是危险因素,可针对影响因素进行有针对性的预防。     

Mindfulness and psychoeducation to manage stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study

Objectives: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) often corresponds to the prodromal stage of Alzheimer disease (AD). The aMCI stage represents a crucial time window to apply preventive interventions in an attempt to delay cognitive decline. Stress, one of AD’s modifiable risk factors frequently co-occurring with aMCI, stands out as a key intervention target. The goal of this study was to assess the impacts of two non-pharmacological interventions, mindfulness and psychoeducation, on stress at the psychological and physiological levels among aMCI older adults.

Methods: Forty-eight aMCI participants were randomized between a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) and a psychoeducation-based intervention (PBI) for eight weekly sessions. Anxiety symptoms, perceived stress levels, cortisol awakening response (CAR), and coping strategies were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Mindfulness attitudes and time dedicated to at-home meditative practices were evaluated in the MBI group.

Results: The main results revealed a slight reduction of the CAR among MBI participants who practiced meditation at home the most and a decrease in perceived stress levels in the PBI group. Both interventions enhanced problem-focused coping strategies.

Conclusion: In sum, this pilot study supports the potential of MBI and PBI to reduce stress at the physiological and psychological level, respectively, and increase coping strategies in older adults at risk for AD.     

PBL联合情境模拟教学法在术中低体温干预护理行为指导中的实践分析

目的 探究PBL联合情境模拟教学法运用于护理人员术中低体温干预护理行为指导中的实践效果。方法 于2016年3月至10月间,采用便利抽样法,按照纳入标准随机选取新疆乌鲁木齐市两所三级甲等医院手术室护理人员作为研究对象。观察组35名,采用PBL联合情境模拟教学干预方法；对照组32名,采用传统方法。结果 观察组与对照组护理人员对术中低体温干预护理的认知现状、安全文化态度与行为现状评分及术中低体温发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组麻醉后与结束时鼻咽温与肛温平均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；对照组麻醉后与结束时鼻咽温与肛温差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且结束时鼻咽温与肛温低于麻醉后；观察组变化趋势较对照组者平稳。结论 PBL联合情境模拟教学法利于改善手术室护理人员对术中低体温的认知现状、安全文化态度与行为现状,能有效预防术中低体温的发生,充分保障手术患者安全。     

Psychomotor therapy targeting anger and aggressive behaviour in individuals with mild or borderline intellectual disabilities: A systematic review

Background: Poor anger regulation is considered a risk factor of aggression in individuals with mild or borderline intellectual disabilities. Psychomotor therapy (PMT) targets anger regulation through body- and movement-oriented interventions. This study aims to inform practitioners on efficacy and research-base of PMT in this population.

Method: This systematic review evaluated nine studies which met inclusion criteria in terms of participants, intervention procedures, outcomes and certainty of evidence.

Results: Seven studies revealed a substantial reduction of aggressive behaviour or anger. Certainty of evidence was rated inconclusive in most cases due to absence of experimental control.

Conclusions: We can conclude that body-oriented PMT, involving progressive relaxation and meditation procedure “Soles of the Feet”, is a promising approach. However, the paucity of studies and methodological limitations preclude classifying it as an evidence-based practice. This suggests stronger methodological research and research aimed at PMT’s mechanisms of action (e.g., improved interoceptive awareness) is warranted.     

Medico-legal considerations in the context of neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant complication of the peripartum period. It can lead to lifelong neurologic disabilities, including cerebral palsy, cognitive impairments, developmental delays, and epilepsy. Induced hypothermia is the first therapy, which has shown promise in improving the outcomes for neonates with moderate to severe NE following a presumed intrapartum insult.NE is also a frequent source of medical malpractice litigation. In this paper, we will review salient features of the American Tort System as it pertains to medical malpractice. We will discuss the obstetric medico-legal implications of therapeutic hypothermia and suggest a five-step approach to analyzing neonatal cases for causation, etiology, timing of occurrence, responsibility, and liability. We will close with three illustrative clinical cases.     

Motor dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment as tested by kinematic analysis and transcranial magnetic stimulation

ObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated voluntary movement alterations as well as motor cortex excitability and plasticity changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To investigate the pathophysiology of movement abnormalities in MCI, we tested possible relationships between movement abnormalities and primary motor cortex alterations in patients.MethodsFourteen amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients and 16 healthy controls were studied. Cognitive assessment was performed using clinical scales. Finger tapping was recorded by a motion analysis system. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to test the input/output curve of motor evoked potentials, intracortical inhibition, and short-latency afferent inhibition. Primary motor cortex plasticity was probed by theta burst stimulation. We investigated correlations between movement abnormalities, clinical scores, and cortical neurophysiological parameters.ResultsMCI patients showed less rhythmic movement but no other movement abnormalities. Cortical excitability measures were normal in patients, whereas plasticity was reduced. Movement rhythm abnormalities correlated with frontal dysfunction scores.ConclusionOur study in MCI patients demonstrated abnormal voluntary movement and plasticity changes, with no correlation between the two. Altered rhythm correlated with frontal dysfunction.SignificanceOur results contribute to the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of motor impairment in MCI.