不同基原土牛膝的性状显微比较研究

目的 建立3种不同基原的土牛膝的性状及显微鉴别方法。方法 在植物分类学鉴定基础上，对不同基原的土牛膝进行鉴定，并使用性状和显微研究方法，对采集的土牛膝进行比较分析。结果 通过研究发现，3种土牛膝可以通过横切面显微特征区分，粉末显微特征区别不明显。结论 土牛膝不同基原可以通过性状、显微进行鉴别,通过对二者性状、显微的细致研究，为相关的标准修订与提高提供依据。     

壮药材滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香比较研究

目的： 建立壮药材滇桂艾纳香专属性检验方法。方法： 采用基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、分子生物学及特征图谱等方法对滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香进行对比研究。结果： 三者的根、茎、叶性状基本相同，区别点在于滇桂艾纳香头状花序小（直径0.5~0.8 cm），东风草头状花序大（直径1.5~2 cm），高艾纳香头状花序具密集的长绒毛；三者的根、茎横切面，粉末显微特征基本相同，高艾纳香具基部膨大的非腺毛；薄层鉴别（1）中高艾纳香比滇桂艾纳香和东风草少1个斑点；薄层鉴别（2）中滇桂艾纳香比东风草和高艾纳香少1个特征斑点；ITS2序列N-J树聚类分析显示三者具有良好的单系性，三者种间最小遗传距离均大于种内最大遗传距离；与滇桂艾纳香对照图谱相比，东风草平均相似度为0.962，高艾纳香平均相似度仅为0.789。结论： 高艾纳香与滇桂艾纳香区别较大，不宜混用，在日常使用中应注意甄别；东风草与滇桂艾纳香在性状、显微、薄层、分子生物学、特征图谱等方面相似度较高，在对二者进行充分的药理活性以及临床试验等基础上，可考虑作为滇桂艾纳香的替代品使用，以缓解药用资源不足的问题。     

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??Obtaining quality photographs of the clinical cases are crucial for case record??communication with the patient or between dentists. Along with the rapid increase of the clinical application of dental microscope in the daily practice??it becomes a challenge of the practitioners to get qualified photographs through an operating microscope. In this paper??the dental microscope history??the differences between microscopic photography and traditional dental photography??microscope equipment and the skills in microscopic photography were discussed in detail??to provide the reference for clinical application of dental microscopic photography.     

Towards a new paradigm of microscopic colitis: Incomplete and variant forms

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that has emerged in the last three decades as a leading cause of chronic watery diarrhoea. MC classically includes two main subtypes: lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Other types of histopathological changes in the colonic mucosa have been described in patients with chronic diarrhoea, without fulfilling the conventional histopathological criteria for MC diagnosis. Whereas those unclassified alterations remained orphan for a long time, the use of the term incomplete MC (MCi) is nowadays universally accepted. However, it is still unresolved whether CC, LC and MCi should be considered as one clinical entity or if they represent three related conditions. In contrast to classical MC, the real epidemiological impact of MCi remains unknown, because only few epidemiological studies and case reports have been described. MCi presents clinical characteristics indistinguishable from complete MC with a good response to budesonide and cholestiramine. Although a number of medical treatments have been assayed in MC patients, currently, there is no causal treatment approach for MC and MCi, and only empirical strategies have been performed. Further studies are needed in order to identify their etiopathogenic mechanisms, and to better classify and treat MC.     

颌内动脉翼腭段的应用解剖及其临床意义

目的:通过对翼腭窝颌内动脉及其分支的显微解剖研究,为颌面外科和颅底外科提供形态学资料。方法:以外侧颞下入路对12具成人湿颅标本行双侧翼腭窝显微解剖,观察颌内动脉及其分支走行、毗邻关系,并测量相关数据。结果:颌内动脉翼腭段依其走行,可分为4型:Y型(20.8%)、T型(25.0%)、中间型(37.5%)和M型(16.7%),其分支走行变异常见;翼上颌裂下界距上牙槽后孔、眶下裂切迹和腭降动脉分别为15.5、32.0mm和24.7mm。眶下裂孔位置恒定,其至圆孔和视神经管颅口间的平均距离分别是13.34mm和23.13mm。结论:经外侧翼腭窝手术时,可借助翼上颌裂确认颌内动脉第3段及其分支的相对位置,通过眶下裂孔辨认圆孔和视神经管,以获得相对安全的手术界面。     

根尖切除术中不同器械对于根尖倒预备的影响

目的比较根尖切除术中传统慢速手机与超声器械对于根尖倒预备的不同影响。方法借助扫描电镜对48颗离体前磨牙进行观察研究,使用AutoCAD2005制图软件辅助计算。结果使用传统慢速手机进行根尖倒预备后的牙根硬组织最小厚度(均值0.15mm)明显低于使用超声器械(S129D均值0.82mm,S129均值0.76mm),具有统计学显著意义(P<0.05)。结论使用超声器械进行根尖倒预备可以有效的保护牙根硬组织,保持牙根的强度。     

枕下乙状窦后锁孔经岩裂-桥脑裂入路的显微解剖学

[摘要]目的:通过对枕下乙状窦后锁孔经岩裂-桥脑裂入路的各段结构进行显微解剖学研究,为临床应用提供解剖学资料;方法：对15具30侧正常成人湿头颅标本进行解剖：模拟手术状态下该入路操作,将尸头侧卧位固定在头架上,乳突后横（纵）切口,开2.5cm-3cm骨窗,切开硬脑膜,测量分开岩裂-桥脑裂前后时手术野显露范围变化,以及三叉、面听、舌咽神经入脑干处暴露情况;显微镜下解剖岩裂和小脑桥脑裂上、下支;对岩裂、桥脑裂上、下支、岩静脉、小脑动脉、三叉、面听、舌咽神经入脑干处等相关研究对象进行测量、照相。结果：该入路可显露的解剖结构上至天幕前侧缘,下到枕骨大孔颈静脉结节,内侧到桥脑和中脑的侧方。可显露桥小脑角区包括岩静脉、小脑上中下三个神经血管复合体。岩裂-桥脑裂分离前后距离在统计学具有差异性。结论：该入路是对经典乙状窦后入路的补充和扩大,具有切口小、脑损伤小,充分利用小脑的自然间隙,不牵拉或少牵拉小脑的情况下增加了操作空间;该入路在微血管减压治疗颅神经疾病方面在解剖学上具有可操作性;该入路在同等条件下使后颅窝相关区域的组织结构显露更大,为桥小脑角区占位性病变的切除提供了解剖学空间。