非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑水肿与中心凹下脉络膜厚度的关系

目的 观察非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)伴临床有意义的黄斑水肿(clinically significant macular edema,CSME)时黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(subfoveal choroidal thickness,SFCT)的情况,探讨糖尿病患者SFCT与糖尿病视网膜病变发生发展的关系.方法 按2014年我国糖尿病视网膜病变临床诊疗指南分期标准将NPDR患者分为伴CSME(NPDR CSME+)组15例(21眼),不伴CSME(NPDR CSME-)组21例(36眼).比较两组之间最佳矫正视力、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central retinal thickness,CRT)及SFCT是否存在差异性.采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计学分析处理.结果 NPDR CSME+组与NPDR CSME-组间性别、眼别、年龄、眼轴长度、眼压相比差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05),两组间最佳矫正视力相比差异有统计学意义(P =0.001).NPDR CSME+组SFCT为(328.24±101.92) μm,NPDR CSME-组为(235.31±66.98)μm,两组间差异具有统计学意义(t=4.156,P=0.000).NPDR患眼CRT与SFCT呈正相关关系(r=0.473,P=0.000).结论 NPDR伴有CSME时,SFCT显著增厚,并且SFCT的增厚与CSME的发生发展具有一定相关性.     

糖尿病视网膜病变患者白内障超声乳化术后黄斑水肿的分析

目的 观察糖尿病视网膜病变患者白内障超声乳化术后黄斑水肿情况并分析其部分原因.方法 本研究为前瞻性研究,对在北京大学第三医院眼科中心行常规白内障超声乳化的糖尿病患者分别在术前及术后1个月、3个月时行相关检查并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 共65例96眼纳入数据分析.术后1个月、3个月视力分别为(0.08±0.13) LogMAR和(0.07±0.11) LogMAR,均较术前的(0.59±0.18) LogMAR明显升高(均为P ＜0.001).黄斑中心厚度术前为(253.6±29.2) μm,术后1个月时增加至(277.1±100.2) μm(P =0.008),术后3个月时增加至(275.0±94.1)μm(P=0.010),而黄斑内环区视网膜厚度则从术前的(321.3±25.0)μm分别增加至术后1个月的(342.1±65.6) μm(P＜0.001)和术后3个月的(347.7±80.0)μm(P＜0.001),黄斑外环区视网膜厚度则从术前的(278.8±19.9)μm增加至术后1个月的(288.6±50.1) μm(P=0.025)和术后3个月的(289.6±54.1) μm(均为P=0.025).黄斑容积从术前的(10.11±0.73)mm3增加至术后1个月的(10.65±2.31)mm3 (P =0.006)和术后3个月的(10.73±2.44)mm3(P=0.003).术前共22眼存在糖尿病性黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME),其中中心型DME 2眼,非中心型DME 14眼,弥漫型DME 6眼.不同DME分组术后1个月及3个月的黄斑中心厚度均值及改变量存在显著差异(均为P＜0.05).患眼术后的黄斑中心厚度与术前糖尿病视网膜病变的严重程度相关(1个月时r =0.331,P=0.001;3个月时r=0.318,P=0.002).但糖尿病病程长短及术前是否行激光治疗与术后黄斑中心厚度无明显相关性.结论 糖尿病患者行常规白内障超声乳化术后有出现黄斑水肿的可能性,患者术后的黄斑水肿程度与术前黄斑水肿的类型以及术前糖尿病视网膜病变严重程度均相关.     

视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的抗VEGF药物治疗进展

视网膜静脉阻塞是一种常见的眼科疾病,黄斑水肿是其重要临床表现,对视力有重要损害.血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿形成中可能具有重要作用,因此,抗VEGF药物的应用,提供了新的治疗手段,雷珠单抗、贝伐单抗、阿柏西普、康柏西普是临床上用于玻璃体内注射的主要抗VEGF药物,本文就各种抗VEGF药物的临床疗效作一综述.     

玻璃体腔注射lucentis治疗白内障术后顽固性黄斑水肿的疗效

目的 通过玻璃体腔单次注射抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物lucentis观察治疗顽固性黄斑水肿的临床疗效和安全性.方法 收集2014年7月至2015年7月在我科白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后发生顽固性黄斑水肿患者9例(10眼),病史均大于3个月.荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluoresceinangiography,FFA)及光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查确诊并排除黄斑相关疾病引起的黄斑水肿.患眼玻璃体腔单次注射lucentis 0.5 mg (0.05 mL),治疗后随访12周,对比观察治疗前后患眼视力、眼压、OCT及FFA改变.结果 9例患者10只眼治疗后1周视力明显提高,4、12周后视力稳定;与治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).OCT检查黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central foveal thickness,CFT),从治疗前(480±121) μm,下降至治疗后1周(293±58) μm,4、12周厚度分别保持在(231 ±23)、(235±35) μm,治疗前后比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),所有患者均未出现眼内或全身不良反应.结论 玻璃体腔注射lucentis治疗白内障术后顽固性黄斑水肿能明显改善患者视功能,减轻黄斑水肿,无副作用.     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变弥漫性黄斑水肿的激光治疗

目的　评价全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法　 4 0例 5 0眼伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者 ,采用氩绿激光进行黄斑格栅样光凝联合全视网膜光凝。分析视力、黄斑水肿和新生血管的变化。结果　激光治疗后随访 6～ 30个月 ,5 0眼中 36眼治疗有效 ;76 %患眼的视力稳定 ,视力进步者占 12 % ;6 2 %患眼黄斑水肿明显减少 ,黄斑水肿完全消退者占 10 % ;视网膜新生血管或视盘新生血管完全消退者为 12 % ,部分消退者为 5 6 % ,余 14眼 (2 8% )治疗无效。结论　全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝是治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效措施。     

Optic Disc Edema in the Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome

Two patients with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome developed optic disc edema. In both cases the edema resolved without residual impairment of visual function. Although peripapillary changes in ocular histoplasmosis are common, optic disc edema is rare. The pathogenesis of the edema is unknown.     

Twelve-month experience with Ozurdex for the treatment of macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) alone or in combination with bevacizumab.

Methods

Sixty-four eyes were prospectively investigated. Group 1 (22 central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 16 branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)) was treated with Ozurdex alone, and group 2 (14 CRVO and 12 BRVO) was treated with three consecutive bevacizumab injections followed by Ozurdex. Recurrences were treated with Ozurdex only. Patients were seen preoperatively and thereafter in monthly intervals. The primary end point was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 12 months.

Results

In group 1, BCVA improved by 6.6 (±1.7) letters in CRVO and 7.8 (±2.9) in BRVO patients, and in group 2 by 9.8 (±1.0) vs 9.4 (±2.1) letters. A significant difference was only seen between CRVO patients in group 1 and 2 at 12 months (P<0.05). Recurrence after the first Ozurdex injection occurred after 3.8 (CRVO) and 3.5 months (BRVO) in group 1, vs 3.2 and 3.7 months in group 2. Elevated intraocular pressure (>5 mm Hg) was measured in approximately 40% cataract progression requiring surgery in about 50% of eyes after three Ozurdex injections.

Conclusion

Combined treatment showed slightly better functional outcome for CRVO patients. Increased intraocular pressure and cataract progression was frequent and should be considered when an individual treatment is planned.     

Suprachoroidal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension for the Treatment of Macular Edema Associated With Uveitis in the United States: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

ObjectivesSuprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide is the first Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for macular edema associated with uveitis. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed comparing this treatment with best supportive care (BSC) for the management of this indication from US Medicare and commercial payer perspectives.MethodsA patient-level simulation was developed per the patient characteristics and changes in best-corrected visual acuity letter scores observed in a phase III study of triamcinolone acetonide (PEACHTREE). The wholesale acquisition cost of triamcinolone acetonide was $1650/injection; suprachoroidal injection cost was assumed at $200/injection. Healthcare costs were informed by a US claims–based analysis. Mortality risk associated with severe vision loss and blindness was modeled by applying a hazard ratio to all-cause mortality rates of the US general population. Health-related quality of life weights, obtained from a regression model fitted to the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 data from PEACHTREE, were applied based on the best-corrected visual acuity scores of both eyes. Costs (2020 US dollar) and benefits were discounted at 3% annually. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were estimated over a 10-year horizon.ResultsIn the base-case, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing triamcinolone acetonide with BSC was $28 479 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. The wholesale acquisition cost for triamcinolone acetonide for suprachoroidal use was ∼68%, ∼56%, and ∼27% below the willingness-to-pay thresholds of $150 000, $100 000, and $50 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, respectively. Results were robust in sensitivity and scenario analyses.ConclusionsTriamcinolone acetonide for suprachoroidal use is cost-effective compared with BSC for patients with macular edema associated with uveitis.     

Comparison of intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab for the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

AIM:To compare the efficacy of ranibizumab and bevacizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted at a single academic institution. Eighty-one patients na?ve to anti-VEGF therapy with RVO and macular edema were identified. Twenty-six eyes were treated with ranibizumab, 33 eyes with bevacizumab, and 22 eyes with bevacizumab then switched to ranibizumab (crossover). The main outcome was change in visual acuity at 3 months, 6 months, and final visit.RESULTS:The mean visual acuity improved from 20/80 to 20/40 in the ranibizumab (R) group and from 20/125 to 20/60 in the bevacizumab (B) group (P=0.66). The mean change in central subfield thickness (CST) was -186 and -212μm, respectively (P=0.69). Mean time between injections was 94±21.1d in the R group and 103.8±10.5d in the B group (P=0.78). In the crossover group, mean initial visual acuity was 20/125, reached 20/60 at crossover, and remained 20/60 at conclusion (P=0.91).CONCLUSION:Both ranibizumab and bevacizumab are effective for the treatment of RVO and appear to have similar visual and anatomic outcomes. Changing treatments from bevacizumab to ranibizumab did not result in further gains in visual acuity.