视神经炎的临床特征分析及早期视盘和黄斑的改变

目的　研究视神经炎患者的临床特征及早期视盘和黄斑的改变。方法　回顾性分析山西省眼科医院视神经炎患者67例85眼。分析患者基本情况、眼科检查结果及OCT检查结果。结果　67例85眼中，男24例，女43例；28例（41.8%）发生于冬季；49眼（57.6%）入院时最佳矫正视力小于1.7 logMAR。视神经脊髓炎抗体阳性者出院和入院时的最佳矫正视力均较髓鞘少突胶质糖蛋白抗体阳性者差。患眼较健眼视盘周围神经纤维层增厚，杯盘面积比、杯盘垂直比、杯盘水平比、杯容积减小，盘沿面积、视盘面积增大（均为P=0.000）；与健眼相比，患眼早期上方、下方和平均黄斑区神经节细胞层厚度及黄斑区神经节细胞复合体的局部丢失体积、整体丢失体积均未发生明显改变（均为P＞0.05）。视盘水肿与患眼平均视盘周围神经纤维层厚度存在正相关（r=0.728，P=0.000）。结论　视神经炎多发生于女性，早期视力损害严重，视神经脊髓炎抗体阳性者视力预后差。早期由于视盘水肿，视盘周围神经纤维层增厚，盘沿面积、视盘面积增大；杯容积、杯盘比减小，早期病变未累及黄斑区。     

Inter-ocular asymmetry of retinal parameters in Caucasian healthy children and young adults measured with optical coherence tomography

AIM: To evaluate retinal parameters in a sample of healthy young Caucasian adults to define the normal or physiological range of inter-ocular asymmetry in this particular age and ethnic group. METHODS: Study sample consisted of 37 Caucasian children and young adults aged between 12 and 23y (spherical equivalent from -3.00 D to +4.00 D, anisometropia <0.5 D and axial length differences <0.3 mm). Normal inter-ocular asymmetry values were determined and 95% inter-ocular difference tolerance values were obtained. RESULTS: Statistically significant inter-ocular differences were found in mean (P=0.003) and superior (P=0.008) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, as well as in central macular thickness (P=0.039), with larger values in the left eye in all instances, and with tolerance limits of inter-ocular asymmetry of -9.00 μm to 6.00 μm, -28.00 μm to 9 μm and -39.00 μm to 29.00 μm, respectively. In addition, statistically significant differences were found between males and females in mean thickness of the RNFL in the right eye (P=0.020). CONCLUSION: The exploration of the normal asymmetries of the retina may be an effective approach to further understand myopia onset and progression, which is particularly relevant in this age group. Differences in instrumentation and sample characteristics compromise direct comparison with published research and warrant the need for further studies.     

中西药治疗脉络膜新生血管性疾病疗效观察

目的:观察黄斑方联合抗氧化剂治疗脉络膜新生血管性疾病(CNV)的临床疗效。方法:对2004年至2015年就诊的31例(35只眼)视力、眼底彩照进行回顾性分析,并将视力与眼底形态学改变进行相关分析。结果:视力平均值治疗前与治疗后3、6、12个月时比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后3个月时与治疗后6个月时比较,差异也有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后6个月时与治疗后12个月时比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CNV总面积平均值治疗前与治疗后3个月时比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前与治疗后6、12月时比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后3个月时与治疗后6、12个月时比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后6个月时与治疗后12个月时比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后12个月时视力提高19只眼(54.3%),视力稳定14只眼(40.0%),视力下降2只眼(5.7%)。CNV最大病灶面积与视力在治疗前无相关性,在治疗后3、6、12个月时均呈负相关。结论:黄斑方联合抗氧化剂治疗脉络膜新生血管性疾病能有效缩小病灶及减少荧光素渗漏。     

光学相干断层扫描仪测量视网膜视盘周边区神经纤维层与黄斑厚度对青光眼的诊断价值

目的 比较视盘周边区神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度与黄斑区视网膜厚度(MRT)的光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT)不同测量部位对青光眼的诊断价值.方法 48例(71眼)青光眼患者纳入该研究,并取40例(63眼)健康体检者为正常对照组,均行OCT检查.采用ROC曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)比较RNFL厚度与黄斑厚度对青光眼的诊断价值.结果 青光眼患者视盘周边区平均RNFL(t=12.950,P=0.000)与黄斑(t=8.917,P＝0.000)的厚度均比正常人减少;并且RNFL与黄斑的厚度与青光眼的严重程度呈负相关,rs为0.361(t=4.516,P=0.024).AUC比较显示RNFL周边厚度的诊断价值均要高于黄斑厚度;在RNFL周边厚度中,又以RNFL周边6点钟的厚度指标AUC最大(95%CI 0.664～-0.865).相应诊断界值下,RNFL周边6点钟和黄斑厚度的诊断特异度、灵敏度和诊断符合率分别为85.6%、91.2%、87.1%和80.2%、88.4%、84.6%.结论 视盘周边区RNFL厚度与黄斑厚度对青光眼均有较好的早期诊断价值,而又以视盘周边区下部RNFL厚度的诊断效果为最佳.     

多焦视网膜电流图用于近视眼视网膜功能的研究

目的应用多焦视网膜电流图(mltifocal electroretinogram,mERG)探讨不同程度近视眼不同部位视网膜的功能状态,并与正常人作比较,评价其差异。方法收集我院眼科门诊就诊的18～32岁的病例68例(101眼),分为中低度近视组(23例40眼)、高度近视组(24例40眼)和正常对照组(21例21眼)。所有病例均应用德国罗兰公司的mERG仪记录各环N1波、P1波的潜伏期和振幅密度,再比较3组各检查结果之间的差别。结果 3组N1波和P1波的振幅密度在第1环最大,随离心度的增加而逐渐降低;潜伏期在第1环最小,随离心度增加而逐渐延长。经统计学处理,高度近视组N1波和P1波各环的振幅密度较正常对照组及中低度近视组低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);中低度近视组与正常对照组N1波和P1波各环的振幅密度比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。高度近视组N1波P1波第1环潜伏期较正常对照组及中低度近视组延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高度近视眼mERG各环振幅密度较正常眼下降,1环潜伏期较正常眼延长;中低度近视眼与正常眼振幅密度及潜伏期无明显变化。     

脉络膜黑色素瘤敷贴放射治疗后黄斑区形态变化的光相干断层扫描检查

目的 观察脉络膜黑色素瘤敷贴放射治疗(PRT)后黄斑区形态变化.方法 对临床确诊的48例脉络膜黑色素瘤患者的48只眼行125I PRT.患者肿瘤均未累及黄斑区.视力0.02～1.0,平均视力0.4±0.2.治疗前均行光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查,采用放射状6线扫描模式获取黄斑区形态图像.黄斑区形态表现为视网膜脱离者18只眼,占37.5％;视网膜色素上皮(RPE)改变12只眼,占25.0％;水肿、前膜以及脱离伴水肿、渗出和RPE改变者7只眼,占14.6％;黄斑区视网膜形态基本正常11只眼,占22.9％.治疗后随访1～24个月,平均随访时间(10.4±5.9)个月.随访观察患眼肿瘤控制以及视力变化情况,并以治疗前相同的设备和方法进行黄斑区形态的OCT检查.对比观察治疗前与治疗后末次随访黄斑区形态的变化;分析黄斑形态变化与PRT以及视力变化的关系和影响因素.结果 48例患者经PRT后肿瘤控制良好.视力提高2例,占4.2％;视力不变10例,占20.8％;视力下降36例,占75.0％.治疗前后视力差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.778,P＜0.05).末次随访OCT检查,黄斑区形态表现为视网膜脱离者13只眼,占27.1％;RPE改变9只眼,占18.8％;水肿,脱离伴水肿、渗出和RPE改变者17只眼,占35.4％;增生、萎缩、脱离伴出血渗出和水肿前膜者6只眼,占12.5％;黄斑视网膜形态基本正常3只眼,占6.3％.15例患者呈现两种及两种以上的黄斑区形态异常变化,占31.3％.结论 PRT后脉络膜黑色素瘤患者黄斑区形态异常主要表现为视网膜脱离、RPE改变、黄斑水肿、渗出.黄斑区结构异常的比例增加,31.3％的患者呈现两种及两种以上的黄斑区形态异常.     

孔源性视网膜脱离患者术后对比敏感度

目的 了解视力恢复良好的孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)术后对比敏感度情况,并进一步分析其与有无累及黄斑的相关性.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.选取50例(50眼)术后最佳矫正视力达到或超过4.9的单纯性RRD患眼,根据术前光学相干断层扫描检查结果分为黄斑脱离组(20眼)和黄斑未脱离组(30眼).另选30例(30眼)作为正常对照组.术后采用CSV- 1000E测定各组在眩光及无眩光状态下的对比敏感度.最佳矫正视力、各空间频率的对比敏感度值比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD t检验.结果 平均随访(12.2±5.3)个月,3组间最佳矫正视力差异无统计学意义(F=2.200,P＞0.05).在有眩光和无眩光状态下,黄斑脱离组和黄斑未脱离组在各个空间频率下都低于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(F=12.577～45.438,P均＜0.01).黄斑脱离组和黄斑未脱离组在有眩光18.0 c/d空间频率的对比敏感度分别为0.69±0.33、0.87±0.23,差异有统计学意义(t=2.418,P＜0.05),其余空间频率黄斑脱离组和黄斑未脱离组差异无统计学意义.结论 尽管部分RRD患者视力可以恢复良好,但对比敏感度仍不能恢复至正常人水平.与术前黄斑未脱离者相比,术前黄斑脱离的患者术后有眩光18.0 c/d状态下的对比敏感度较差.     

Characteristics of the macula in amblyopic eyes by optical coherence tomography

AIM: To test the hypothesis that amblyopic neuroretina may have an altered thickness when compared to the normal. METHODS: Twenty-five amblyopic, young patients between the ages of 7 and 11 years old were studied. The interested neuroretina areas are defined into 10 sub-regions according to superior-inferior, nasal-temoral, and peri-para axis, which cross the fovela structure. The thicknesses of ten, defined macular regions were separately measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and analyzed by t-test. RESULTS: The average thickness of neuroretina in the exact foveola of the amblyopic eyes is larger than that of normal eyes (P<0.05), but the other nine regions have no significant difference. Interestingly, in both the normal and amblyopic eyes, the temporal area looks thinner than other quadrants (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Thickness alteration may be associated with amblyopic disorders in young patients. Studying a larger volume of subjects of similar age is required to confirm this observation.