First report of Mortierella wolfii causing fungal keratitis from a tertiary eye hospital in India

A young 33 year old male presented with non-resolving corneal infiltrate for 2 month duration in the right eye. KOH/ Calcoflour wet mount revealed sparsely septate fungal hyphae. Post therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty 3 doses of intracameral voriconazole(100μg/0.1ml) was administered suspecting recurrence. Fungal culture revealed non sporulating mould on SDA. PCR based DNA sequencing targeting the ITS region identified the fungal isolate as Mortierella wolfii (M. wolfii) belonging to zygomycetes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of human fungal keratitis caused by M. wolfii.     

Acute endophthalmitis after penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty at a tertiary eye care center over a 13-year period

Purpose:To evaluate the clinico-microbiological profile, donor cornea risk factors, and outcomes of postkeratoplasty endophthalmitis at a tertiary care center.Methods:Retrospective analysis of charts of 28 consecutive patients (28 eyes) of acute endophthalmitis following either an endothelial keratoplasty (EK) or an optical penetrating keratoplasty (PK) surgery, performed between 2006 and 2018 (13-year period). Positive microbiology, identification and classification of predisposing factors, surveillance of utilized paired donors, treatment outcomes, and differences in the rate and severity of the event between optical penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty.Results:The estimated incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.23% in the entire cohort; it was 0.34% and 0.15%, after EK and PK, respectively (P = 0.049). The median time of endophthalmitis was 4.5 days postsurgery. Donor-related endophthalmitis was recognized in 7/28 (25%) eyes. Culture positivity was 68% (n = 19 of 28). Bacteria was isolated in 84% (n = 16 of 19) instances; Gram-negative bacilli were more common (87.5%; 14 of 16), and Pseudomonas species (50%; 7 of 14) was the most common Gram-negative bacterium. Majority (>75%) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to all fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, 3^rd generation cephalosporins, and meropenam; 1/3^rd were resistant to imipenem; and 90% were sensitive to colistin. Treatment included intraocular antibiotic injections (96.4%), vitrectomy (42.9%), and therapeutic keratoplasty (50%). In 85.7% (24 of 28), globe was salvaged. The final vision was 20/200 or better in 39.1% (9 of 23) eyes.Conclusion:EK carried a higher risk of endophthalmitis than PK in this cohort. Bacterial infection was more common in this series, with Gram negative bacilli being the commonest organisms. Multidrug resistance was common (~75%) in Gram negative isolates.     

角膜内皮移植术后早期玻璃酸钠对泪膜及角膜上皮细胞再生的作用

目的　研究1 g·L^-1和3 g·L^-1玻璃酸钠（hyaluronate，HA）滴眼液对角膜内皮移植术后早期泪膜及角膜上皮细胞再生的作用。方法　选择2017年9月至2018年2月在北京大学第三医院行角膜内皮移植术的患者60例（60眼），随机分成1 g·L^-1HA组和3 g·L^-1HA组，每组各30例，观察标准干眼评估问卷（SPEED）评分、结膜角膜染色评分（OSS）、泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、角膜上皮缺损范围，进行激光共聚焦显微镜检查。比较不同时间点组间、组内各指标差异。结果　SPEED评分:各时间点两组间比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。组内比较:两组组内术后7 d、14 d、28 d均低于前一时间点（均为P=0.000），余相邻时间点两两比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。TBUT:术后7 d、14 d、28 d 3 g·L^-1HA组均显著高于1 g·L^-1HA组（均为P<0.05），而术前组间差异不显著；组内比较:1 g·L^-1 HA组后一时间点较前一时间点、3 g·L^-1HA组术后7 d较术前均显著延长(均为P<0.05)，而3 g·L^-1HA组术后14 d、28 d与前一时间点差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。 OSS评分:术前及术后1 d、3 d两组间比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05），术后7 d、14 d、28 d 3 g·L^-1HA组均显著低于1 g·L^-1HA组（均为P<0.05）；组内比较:两组术后1 d OSS评分均显著高于术前（均为P=0.000），其余时间点两组均低于前一时间点（均为P=0.000）。角膜上皮缺损范围:术后1 d 两组间比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05），术后3 d、7 d 两组间比较，以及两组组内与前一时间点比较差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。角膜基底细胞密度:术前、术后28 d两组间比较，以及1 g·L^-1HA组组内术前与术后28 d比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05），而3 g·L^-1 HA组术后28 d显著低于术前（P=0.002）。结论　HA可以有效改善角膜内皮移植术后早期泪膜状态并促进角膜上皮细胞再生，存在浓度依赖性。     

Changing trends in penetrating keratoplasty indications at a tertiary eye care center in Budapest, Hungary between 2006 and 2017

AIM: To analyse the changing trends in penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) indications. METHODS: This retrospective study included all patients with PKP between 2006 and 2017. Patients were classified using histological diagnoses. Our groups were more than 10 various keratopathies. Additionally, two different time-periods (2006-2012 and 2013-2017) were analysed. Results: Totally 1721 histological analyses of 1214 patients were available for review. The diagnoses were pseudophakic or aphakic bullous keratopathy in 487 (28.3%), regraft in 443 (25.7%), acute necrotizing and ulcerative keratitis in 313 (18.2%), corneal scar in 153 (8.9%), keratoconus in 140 (8.1%). Fuchs’ dystrophy in 61 (3.5%), corneal dystrophy other than Fuchs’ in 46 (2.7%), other diagnoses in 44 (2.6%) and failed endothelial keratoplasty graft in 34 (2.0%) cases. From the first to the second analysed time-period, incidence of acute necrotizing and ulcerative keratitis, corneal scar, Fuchs’ dystrophy increased (P≤0.032 for all) and incidence of keratoconus significantly decreased (P=0.015). Conclusion: Pseudophakic or aphakic bullous keratopathy is the leading indication for PKP, followed by regraft and acute necrotizing and ulcerative keratitis.