林国华针灸治疗难治性突发性耳聋经验撷要

总结林国华教授针灸治疗难治性突发性耳聋经验,并对典型医案进行介绍。林国华教授认为本病多因少阳经气厥塞所致,提倡尽早针灸干预,治病求本,谨守"少阳暴厥"之病机,谨遵"疏解少阳,通耳开窍"之法,临证必用听宫,主取少阳经穴,辅予辨经取穴,巧施发蒙针法与气流灌耳法,妙用岭南火针疗法,必要时调气调神、加取募穴,共奏通耳复聪之效。     

Adherence to a Mediterranean Lifestyle and Changes in Frequency,Severity, and Localization of Pain in Older Adults

ObjectiveTo assess the association between adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle and changes in pain, and its characteristics over time in older adults.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed data from 864 and 862 community-dwelling individuals aged 65+ years from the Study on Cardiovascular Health, Nutrition and Frailty in Older Adults in Spain (Seniors-ENRICA) Seniors-ENRICA-1 (2008–2010 to 2012) and Seniors-ENRICA-2 (2015–2017 to 2019) cohorts, with a median follow-up of 2.8 and 2.4 years, respectively. Adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle was assessed at baseline with the 27-item Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index. Pain changes over time were calculated with a pain scale that assessed the frequency, severity, and the number of pain locations both at baseline and follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted relative risk ratios (RRRs) were obtained using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsIn the pooled cohorts, after a median follow-up of 2.6 years, pain worsened for 697 participants, improved for 734, and did not change for 295. Compared with the lowest category of MEDLIFE adherence, those in the highest category showed an RRR of improvement vs worsening of overall pain of 1.85 (95% CI, 1.28 to 2.67; P-trend<.001). MEDLIFE adherence was also linked to improvement in pain frequency (RRR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.31 to 3.01; P-trend=.001), pain severity (RRR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.33 to 3.00; P-trend=.001), and a reduction in the number of pain locations (RRR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.50; P-trend=.004). Limitations of this study are the use of self-reported lifestyle data.ConclusionA Mediterranean lifestyle was associated with improvement of pain characteristics in older adults. Experimental studies should assess the efficacy of an integral lifestyle approach for the management of pain in older adults.     

浅谈新型冠状病毒肺炎合并基础病的中医药防治策略＊

2019年12月始，新型冠状病毒肺炎（Corona Virus Disease 2019，COVID-19）以湖北武汉为中心向全国各地蔓延。目前数据显示，COVID-19合并糖尿病、高血压、肿瘤等基础病的患者病情较为严峻，病死率相对较高。该类患者的临床治疗策略有待进一步深入研究。在此次疫情防治过程中，中西医结合治疗手段于COVID-19的防治及患者基础疾病的兼顾治疗方面展现出了一定的特色及优势。本文结合中医“未病先防，既病防变，瘥后防复”思想，拟从COVID-19合并糖尿病、高血压、肿瘤三个方面，探讨COVID-19爆发形势下合并基础病患者的中医药防治策略。     

Underutilisation of breast cancer prevention medication in Australia

Increased implementation of proven prevention strategies is required to combat rising breast cancer incidence. We assessed use of risk reducing medication (RRMed) by Australian women at elevated breast cancer risk. Only 2.4% had ever used RRMed. Higher breast cancer risk was statistically significantly associated with use of RRMed (OR 1.82, 95%CI: 1.08–3.07, p = 0.02 for ≥30% lifetime risk compared with 16%–29% lifetime risk), but parity, education level and family history of breast cancer were not. Breast cancer prevention medications are underutilised. Efforts are needed to incorporate breast cancer risk assessment and risk management discussions into routine health assessments for women.     

养血疏肝汤治疗肝郁化火型失眠临床研究

目的:观察养血疏肝汤治疗肝郁化火型失眠的临床疗效。方法:将147例肝郁化火型失眠患者随机分为观察组75例和对照组71例。对照组在常规生活心理干预的基础上给予艾司唑仑,观察组在常规生活心理干预的基础上给予养血疏肝汤。观察两组患者的临床疗效,比较两组患者治疗前后血清相关激素[皮质醇(cortisol,COR)、生长激素(growth hormone,GH)、三碘甲状腺激素(three iodine thyroid hormone,T3)、四碘甲状腺激素(four iodine thyroid hormone,T4)]及生活质量评分变化情况。结果:观察组有效率为90.67%,对照组有效率为70.42%,两组患者临床疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后COR、GH、T3、T4、TRH、TSH较治疗前明显下降,且观察组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后心理领域、生理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域4个维度得分均明显上升,且观察组上升幅度均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:养血疏肝汤治疗肝郁化火型失眠疗效显著,可显著提高患者生活质量,其作用机制可能与调节丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴/甲状腺轴有关。     

黄仰模治疗甲状腺功能亢进经验

黄仰模教授在治疗甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)方面注重患者不同时期的不同特点,辨证论治,选药灵活,组方精当。素体阴虚气郁化火型则疏肝解郁、养阴清热;阴虚阳亢痰气交结型则清热养阴、行气化痰;痰瘀互结阻滞经络型则消痰散结、活血通经;气阴两虚顽痰阻络型则益气养阴、祛痰通络。黄仰模教授在治疗上重视存阴,因为甲亢患者体质的特殊性,所以将养阴清热法贯穿于甲亢治疗不同阶段的始终。     

中西医治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎临床观察

目的针对慢性细菌性前列腺炎难治易复发的特点,通过中西医结合治疗,进行疗效及愈后复发的差异比较,观察结果并对其发病机理进行探讨。方法随机选择近5年慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者97例。治疗组采用敏感药物前列腺内注入、中药口服、中药保留灌肠,观察评定治疗后临床疗效。结果治疗组治愈率、显效率、总有效率显著高于对照组,治疗组复发率明显低于对照组。结论病灶内注入药物配合中药冲服治疗,可作为临床治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎的有效方法,疗效好。     

The influence of zero-value subtraction on the performance of two laser fluorescence devices for detecting occlusal caries in vitro

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of zero-value subtraction on the performance of two laser fluorescence (LF) devices developed to detect occlusal caries. METHODS: The authors selected 119 permanent molars. Two examiners assessed three areas (cuspal, middle and cervical) of both mesial and distal portions of the buccal surface and one occlusal site using an LF device and an LF pen. For each tooth, the authors subtracted the value measured in the cuspal, middle and cervical areas in the buccal surface from the value measured in the respective occlusal site. RESULTS: The authors observed differences among the readings for both devices in the cuspal, middle and cervical areas in the buccal surface as well as differences for both devices with and without the zero-value subtraction in the occlusal surface. When the authors did not perform the zero-value subtraction, they found statistically significant differences for sensitivity and accuracy for the LF device. When this was done with the LF pen, specificity increased and sensitivity decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: For the LF device, the zero-value subtraction decreased the sensitivity. For this reason, the authors concluded that clinicians can obtain measures with the LF device effectively without using zero-value subtraction. For the LF pen, however, the absence of the zero-value subtraction changed both the sensitivity and specificity, and so the authors concluded that clinicians should not eliminate this step from the procedure. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: When using the LF device, clinicians might not need to perform the zero-value subtraction; however, for the LF pen, clinicians should do so.     

从“阳不入阴”论治失眠

"阳不入阴"是失眠的关键病机,包括阳盛、阴虚、阴盛、阳虚四个方面。由于阴阳既相互对立,也相互依存,因此临证中失眠病机较为复杂,常见阴虚与阳盛合并,或阳虚与阴盛共存。调和阴阳,使阴阳相交是失眠的治疗大法。阳盛证治宜清肝泻火、清心安神;阴虚证治宜滋补肝肾、宁心安神;阳虚证治宜温补心肾、通阳化气;阴盛证治宜化痰开窍、活血化瘀;若阴阳俱病、虚实夹杂,则需阴阳并调、气血兼顾、攻补兼施。     

基于“木郁达之”探讨化肝煎之临证运用

“木郁达之”意指肝气郁结当疏泄通达。化肝煎出自明代医学家张景岳的《景岳全书》,由青皮、陈皮、山栀子、牡丹皮、泽泻、芍药、土贝母7味中药组成,可疏肝畅达清热,为治肝郁化火之证的代表方,也是“木郁达之”治法的具体体现。现代临床可用于胃痛、胁痛、腹痛、头痛、烦热、咳吐痰血、妇女月经不调、目赤眼胀等多种病症的治疗。临证之时应抓住肝郁化火之辨证要点,基于“木郁达之”的原则,灵活化裁,以使肝气条畅,气血冲和,病症得除。