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1.
目的:探讨益生菌不同用药时机对妊娠合并糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗及妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择2019年5月至2021年5月在衡水市妇幼保健院就建档分娩的妊娠合并糖尿病患者,分为对照组、孕早期组、孕中期组和孕晚期组,每组200例。对照组仅采用常规干预措施(未予以益生菌制剂),孕早期组、孕中期组和孕晚期组均予以双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊420 mg,每日2次口服,疗程均为12周。比较4组患者分娩时血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、血脂水平、产妇及新生儿不良妊娠结局等情况。结果:共纳入783例患者。孕早期组、孕中期组和孕晚期组患者分娩时血糖水平、HbA1c、HOMA-IR和血脂水平均优于对照组,孕中期组和孕晚期组优于孕早期组(P<0.05),而孕中期组和孕晚期组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。孕早期组、孕中期组和孕晚期组产妇及新生儿妊娠结局不良发生率均小于对照组,孕中期组和孕晚期组产妇及新生儿妊娠结局不良发生率均小于孕早期组,孕中期组早产和产后感染小于孕晚期组(P<0.05)。结论:益生菌不同用药时机对妊娠合并糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗及妊娠结局存在一定差异,其中孕中期(孕14~16周)开始用药为最佳用药时机。  相似文献   
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胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)是因肝脏等靶组织对胰岛素敏感下降导致高胰岛素血症、糖耐量受损的一种病理性反应。IR作为2型糖尿病典型的病理特征,其发病机制是抗糖尿病研究的焦点。本文就糖尿病状态下的糖代谢、脂代谢、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、内质网应激、炎症与肝脏胰岛素抵抗相关信号通路的分子生物学机制进行综述,为糖尿病治疗提供新思路及理论指导。  相似文献   
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《Research in microbiology》2022,173(3):103901
Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are often difficult to manage due to the high frequency of multidrug resistance, often conferred by efflux pumps. In this study, we analyzed sequence variations of the major RND family multidrug efflux pump AcrB from 387 assembled K. pneumoniae genomes. We confirm that AcrB is a highly-conserved efflux pump in K. pneumoniae, and identified several variants that were prevalent in clinical isolates. Molecular dynamics analyses on two of these variants (L118M and S966A) suggested conformational changes that may correlate with increased drug efflux capabilities. The L118M change resulted in enhanced protein rigidity while the flexibility of drug binding pockets was stable or increased, and the interactions between the proximal pockets and water molecules were stronger. For S966A, the significantly enlarged proximal pocket suggested higher drug accommodation ability. Consistent with these predictions, the L118M and S966A variants conferred a slightly increased ability to grow in the presence of tetracycline and to survive cefoxitin exposure when overexpressed. In summary, our results suggest that the emergence of enhanced-function AcrB variants may be a potential risk for increased antibiotic resistance in clinical K. pneumoniae isolates.  相似文献   
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《Value in health》2022,25(7):1235-1252
ObjectivesThe incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is increasing every year requiring substantial expenditure on treatment and complications. A systematic review was conducted on the cost-effectiveness of insulin formulations, including ultralong-, long-, or intermediate-acting insulin, and their biosimilar insulin equivalents.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, HTA, and NHS EED were searched from inception to June 11, 2021. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were included if insulin formulations in adults (≥ 16 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus were evaluated. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, extracted study data, and appraised their quality using the Drummond 10-item checklist. Costs were converted to 2020 US dollars adjusting for inflation and purchasing power parity across currencies.ResultsA total of 27 studies were included. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged widely across the studies. All pairwise comparisons (11 of 11, 100%) found that ultralong-acting insulin was cost-effective compared with other long-acting insulins, including a long-acting biosimilar. Most pairwise comparisons (24 of 27, 89%) concluded that long-acting insulin was cost-effective compared with intermediate-acting insulin. Few studies compared long-acting insulins with one another.ConclusionsLong-acting insulin may be cost-effective compared with intermediate-acting insulin. Future studies should directly compare biosimilar options and long-acting insulin options and evaluate the long-term consequences of ultralong-acting insulins.  相似文献   
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Background and aimsIntermittent fasting reduces risk of interrelated cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and heart failure (HF). Previously, we reported that intermittent fasting reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Metabolic Syndrome Score (MSS) in the WONDERFUL Trial. Galectin-3 may act to reduce insulin resistance. This post hoc evaluation assessed whether intermittent fasting increased galectin-3.Methods and resultsThe WONDERFUL Trial enrolled adults ages 21–70 years with ≥1 metabolic syndrome features or type 2 diabetes who were not taking anti-diabetic medication, were free of statins, and had elevated LDL-C. Subjects were randomized to water-only 24-h intermittent fasting conducted twice-per-week for 4 weeks and once-per-week for 22 weeks or to a parallel control arm with ad libitum energy intake. The study evaluated 26-week change scores of galectin-3 and other biomarkers. Overall, n = 67 subjects (intermittent fasting: n = 36; control: n = 31) completed the trial and had galectin-3 results. At 26-weeks, the galectin-3 change score was increased by intermittent fasting (median: 0.793 ng/mL, IQR: ?0.538, 2.245) versus control (median: ?0.332 ng/mL, IQR: ?0.992, 0.776; p = 0.021). Galectin-3 changes correlated inversely with 26-week change scores of HOMA-IR (r = ?0.288, p = 0.018) and MSS (r = ?0.238, p = 0.052). Other HF biomarkers were unchanged by fasting.ConclusionA 24-h water-only intermittent fasting regimen increased galectin-3. The fasting-triggered galectin-3 elevation was inversely correlated with declines in HOMA-IR and MSS. This may be an evolutionary adaptive survival response that protects human health by modifying disease risks, including by reducing inflammation and insulin resistance.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT02770313 (registered on May 12, 2016; first subject enrolled: November 30, 2016; final subject's 26-week study visit: February 19, 2020).  相似文献   
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目的:探讨双氢睾酮(DHT)对棕榈酸(PA)诱导的C2C12小鼠骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的影响及其分子机制。方法:分别用牛清蛋白(BSA)、PA或PA+DHT孵育C2C12细胞24 h,Western印迹检测胰岛素信号通路蛋白激酶B(Akt)、Akt底物AS160以及炎症相关蛋白核因子κB抑制蛋白(IκB)激酶(IKK)、核因子κB(NF-кB)的磷酸化水平、促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)蛋白水平,qPCR检测IL-6和TNF-α mRNA水平。结果:Western印迹结果显示,PA降低胰岛素刺激的Akt、AS160磷酸化水平(均P<0.05);DHT逆转PA对胰岛素刺激的Akt和AS160磷酸化的抑制作用(F=59.29、7.829;均P<0.05)。PA升高IKK和NF-κB磷酸化水平(均P<0.05)及IL-6和TNF-α蛋白表达(均P<0.01);DHT降低PA升高的IKK、NF-κB磷酸化水平(F=13.94、10.65,均P<0.05)和IL-6和TNF-α蛋白表达(F=10.82、15.14,均P<0.05)。qPCR结果显示,PA可升高IL-6、TNF-α mRNA水平(均P<0.01);DHT降低IL-6和TNF-α mRNA的表达(F=13.71、12.77;均P<0.05)。结论:DHT可能通过抑制PA诱导的C2C12骨骼肌细胞炎症信号,改善PA诱导的胰岛素抵抗。  相似文献   
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多囊卵巢综合征 (polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS) 是一种在育龄期女性中常见的疾病, 它的主 要临床表现是月经紊乱、 不孕、 痤疮、 多毛等症状, 可能伴随有糖脂代谢异常。 Adropin 是新近发现的一种 分泌性蛋白, 已证实其在调节糖脂代谢、 改善胰岛素抵抗中发挥着作用, 但具体作用机制及其临床意义尚 未完全明确。 文章简要综述 Adropin 蛋白的作用机理及其在多囊卵巢综合征中的研究进展及临床意义。  相似文献   
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