乌灵胶囊治疗焦虑性失眠症临床研究

目的:观察乌灵胶囊对焦虑性失眠症患者的心理及睡眠质量的改善效果,为临床治疗焦虑性失眠症提供参考。方法:选择159例焦虑性失眠症患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为对照组79例与观察组80例。对照组给予盐酸帕罗西汀片治疗,观察组给予乌灵胶囊治疗。治疗1个月后,比较分析2组患者睡眠质量、汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分(HAMA)及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为91.25%,明显高于对照组的78.48%(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1、2个月后,观察组HAMA评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总不良反应发生率为6.25%,明显低于对照组的18.99%(P<0.05)。结论:乌灵胶囊治疗焦虑性失眠症能明显改善患者的睡眠质量以及心理状况,值得推广应用。     

点穴推拿治疗颈源性失眠临床研究

目的:观察点穴推拿治疗颈源性失眠的临床疗效。方法:将100例颈源性失眠患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组给予艾司唑仑片治疗,观察组给予点穴推拿治疗,2组均连续治疗10 d。对比2组临床疗效和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)。结果:观察组总有效率94.00%,高于对照组的72.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组PSQI各项细则评分及总分均较治疗前降低,观察组PSQI各项细则评分及总分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:点穴推拿治疗颈源性失眠疗效优于艾司唑仑片。     

酸枣仁汤治疗原发性肝癌患者肝血不足型失眠的临床研究

目的观察酸枣仁汤治疗原发性肝癌患者肝血不足型失眠的临床疗效及其对神经-内分泌-免疫网络的调节作用。方法将70例原发性肝癌伴肝血不足型失眠患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组35例。两组均以常规中西医结合治疗原发性肝癌为基础,治疗组给予酸枣仁汤颗粒剂,对照组给予安慰剂,连续28 d。比较匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评分、中医证候评分、血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板(PLT)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、褪黑素(MT)、白介素-2受体(IL-2R)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化情况。结果 (1)治疗组总有效率88.2%,对照组总有效率27.3%,治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)治疗组治疗后PSQI总分及各成分评分、中医证候评分较对照组及治疗前显著降低(P0.05),各评分治疗前后差值大于对照组(P0.05);(3)治疗组治疗后血清5-HT、MT含量较对照组及治疗前显著升高(P0.05),治疗组血清IL-2R、IL-8、TNF-α含量较对照组及治疗前显著降低(P0.05),以上指标治疗前后差值均大于对照组(P0.05),治疗组治疗后血清IL-6含量与对照组及治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗前后差值与对照组比较无显著差异(P0.05);(4)治疗组治疗后Hb、PAB较对照组及治疗前显著升高(P0.05),治疗前后差值大于对照组(P0.05)。结论酸枣仁汤可有效改善原发性肝癌伴肝血不足型失眠患者的睡眠情况、营养水平以及肝血不足的症状,能提高患者血清5-HT、MT含量,降低血清IL-2R、IL-8、TNF-α含量,调节神经-内分泌-免疫网络,改善肝癌患者体内炎症环境,提示安神以扶正在恶性肿瘤虚证中具有辅助治疗作用。     

针刺结合香附汤加减治疗围绝经期失眠肝郁气滞证的临床研究

评价针刺联合香附汤加减治疗围绝经期失眠肝郁气滞证的疗效及安全性。将120例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,各60例,分别给予艾司唑仑片、针刺结合香附汤加减,疗程均为16周。比较2组患者治疗前后爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS),匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和中医症状评分;采用多导睡眠监测仪监测睡眠进程和睡眠结构;检测血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡激素(FSH)和雌二醇(E2)的含量;观察2组临床疗效和不良反应发生率。研究期间脱落4例。治疗组总有效率91.5%,高于对照组的75.4%(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组临床症状(ESS、PSQI、HAMA和中医症状)评分均明显降低(P<0.05),且较对照组降低更为明显(P<0.05);治疗组睡眠总时间(TST)和睡眠维持率(SE)升高(P<0.05);觉醒时间(AWT),睡眠潜伏期(SL),觉醒次数(AT)降低(P<0.05),且较对照组改善更为明显(P<0.05);治疗组S1降低(P<0.05),S2,S3+4和快速眼动睡眠期(REM)升高(P<0.05),且较对照组改善更为明显(P<0.05);治疗组LH和FSH含量明显降低(P<0.05),E2含量明显升高(P<0.05),且较对照组改变更为明显(P<0.05)。对照组总不良反应发生率8.8%,明显高于治疗组的1.7%(P<0.05)。结果表明针刺联合香附汤加减可明显改善围绝经期失眠肝郁气滞证患者的睡眠状况,不良反应发生率低。     

杜元灏教授针刺治疗失眠经验

失眠是由各种原因导致的入睡困难和(或)睡眠维持困难的睡眠障碍,主要特征是睡眠感不满意,属于中医学"不得眠""不寐"范畴。传统多从心、肝、胆、脾、胃、肾论治该病,杜元灏教授认为脏腑机能失调,气血不和,阳不能入阴,阴不能涵阳,神不守舍而致失眠。重视"脑为元神之腑"的理论,且因督脉入络脑,夹脊穴为五脏六腑之气转输、流注之处,杜教授多强调从脑、督脉以及夹脊穴论治失眠,为针刺治疗失眠提供新思路。     

“三焦针法”改善慢性肾脏病患者失眠症的临床观察

[目的]通过"三焦针法"对慢性肾脏病合并不寐患者辨证施治,探讨"三焦针法"治疗慢性肾脏病患者失眠症的临床疗效。[方法]对天津市第一中心医院慢性肾脏病管理中心长期随访的89例慢性肾脏病3、4期未透析患者以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评价睡眠质量。筛选出失眠症患者为研究对象,并随机选取30例患者实施"三焦针法"针灸治疗,其余患者作为对照组给予综合治疗。针灸治疗总疗程为3个月,继续随访至6个月。全部患者治疗前、3个月疗程结束、6个月随访结束后记录患者一般情况、实验室指标、PSQI评分、中医症状评分、SF-36生活质量评分以及评估的肾小球滤过率(eGFR),评价干预前后上述各项指标的变化。[结果]全部患者中男性占60.7%,平均年龄52.5岁,平均eGFR 48.9 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)。至6个月随访结束,针灸治疗组PSQI评分与基线评分比较下降值明显高于对照组。针灸治疗组各项中医症状评分改善情况优于对照组,失眠缓解率明显高于对照组。两组之间eGFR及SF-36评分变化无明显差异。[结论]"三焦针法"可以显著改善CKD3、4期未透析患者的失眠症,各项中医症状也得到相应改善。     

The contribution of dispositional optimism to understanding insomnia symptomatology: Findings from a cross‐sectional population study in Austria

Attitudes and expectations of people towards their lives are essential to future health outcomes. Growing evidence has linked dispositional optimism to beneficial health outcomes, such as exceptional longevity, healthy aging and better sleep quality. We describe the association between dispositional optimism and chronic insomnia, considering potential mediators, in the Austrian Sleep Survey (N = 1,004), a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 2017. Optimism was measured using the validated Life Orientation Test‐Revised, and four different definitions were used to assess chronic insomnia. Three definitions were based on the criteria of chronic insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edn). Age‐ and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among Austrians who were more optimistic, chronic insomnia risk was lower compared with those less optimistic (middle versus bottom tertile of optimism score: OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22–0.70; and top versus bottom tertile: OR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.14–0.54; p‐trend < .001). Results were similar for all four definitions of insomnia, and differed slightly between men and women. Happiness, depression and health status confounded the association, whereas lifestyle did not. Promoting dispositional optimism could represent a simple and accessible strategy to improve sleep quality and lower insomnia risk, with downstream beneficial health effects. Further research is needed to clarify the prevention potential of interventions targeting this mental trait.     

Treating insomnia in Swiss primary care practices: A survey study based on case vignettes

Guidelines recommend cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) as first‐line treatment for chronic insomnia, but it is not clear how many primary care physicians (PCPs) in Switzerland prescribe this treatment. We created a survey that asked PCPs how they would treat chronic insomnia and how much they knew about CBT‐I. The survey included two case vignettes that described patients with chronic insomnia, one with and one without comorbid depression. PCPs also answered general questions about treating chronic insomnia and about CBT‐I and CBT‐I providers. Of the 820 Swiss PCPs we invited, 395 (48%) completed the survey (mean age 54 years; 70% male); 87% of PCPs prescribed sleep hygiene and 65% phytopharmaceuticals for the patient who had only chronic insomnia; 95% prescribed antidepressants for the patient who had comorbid depression. In each case, 20% of PCPs prescribed benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine receptor agonists, 8% prescribed CBT‐I, 68% said they knew little about CBT‐I, and 78% did not know a CBT‐I provider. In the clinical case vignettes, most PCPs treated chronic insomnia with phytopharmaceuticals and sleep hygiene despite their lack of efficacy, but PCPs rarely prescribed CBT‐I, felt they knew little about it, and usually knew no CBT‐I providers. PCPs need more information about the benefits of CBT‐I and local CBT‐I providers and dedicated initiatives to implement CBT‐I in order to reduce the number of patients who are prescribed ineffective or potentially harmful medications.     

Associations between objective afternoon and evening physical activity and objective sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and insomnia

Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from chronic pain, which limits physical activity and is associated with disturbed sleep. However, the relationship between physical activity, pain and sleep is unclear in these patients. This study examined whether actigraphic (Actiwatch‐2, Philips Respironics) afternoon and evening activity and pain are associated with actigraphic sleep. Adults with FM and insomnia complaints (n = 160, mean age [M_age] = 52, SD = 12, 94% female) completed 14 days of actigraphy. Activity levels (i.e., activity counts per minute) were recorded, and average afternoon/evening activity for intervals 12:00–3:00 PM, 3:00–6:00 PM and 6:00–9:00 PM was computed. Multiple linear regressions examined whether afternoon/evening activity, pain (daily evening diaries from 0 [no pain sensation] to 100 [most intense pain imaginable]), or their interaction, predicted sleep onset latency (SOL), wake time after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Greater afternoon activity was independently associated with lower SE (B = ?0.08, p < .001), lower TST (β = ?0.36, standard error [SE] = 0.06, p < .001) and longer WASO (B = 0.34, p < .001). Greater early evening activity was independently associated with lower SE (B = ?0.06, p < .001), lower TST (β = ?0.26, SE = 0.06, p < .001) and longer WASO (B = 0.23, p < .001). Self‐reported pain intensity interacted with afternoon and early evening physical activity, such that associations between higher activity and lower SE were stronger for individuals reporting higher pain. Late evening activity was not associated with sleep outcomes. Results suggest that in FM, increased afternoon and early evening physical activity is associated with sleep disturbance, and this relationship is stronger in individuals with higher pain.