Mozart effect in preschool children?

In 1993, Rauscher et al. reported a temporary increase in spatial-temporal ability after listening to Mozart's music. This led to numerous replication and extension studies with mixed findings in the past decade. This study investigated the 'Mozart effect' in preschool children. Forty-one boys and girls, aged three to five, attempted a series of pencil-and-paper maze tests after each of three listening conditions: Mozart's Piano Concerto in A Major (K488), age-appropriate popular music and silence. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences among the three interventions. The results are discussed in relation to the findings of other investigations of the Mozart effect, and the need for further investigation of possible trends.     

心理因素对小学生脑力工作能力影响的研究

采用横断面研究方法，对180名小学三年级学生脑力工作能力与其智力、性格、学习动机等心理因素和学习、睡眠时间等作息因素的关系进行分析研究。验证了学习、睡眠时间是影响学生脑力工作能力重要的外部因素；脑力工作能力与智力和学习成绩呈正相关。学生自身的心理因素中，学习动机对脑力工作能力有重要影响，所以激发和强化学生的学习动机，是保持和提高学生学习工作能力的有效手段；而性格内外向性、情绪稳定性等因素，对脑力工作能力的影响不明显。     

对新调入护士进行专科知识教育的体会

目的探讨如何对新调入肿瘤科的护士进行专科教育的有关问题。方法帮助新护士尽快适应工作环境，进行必要的专科知识教育和专科技术传授，熟练掌握肿瘤病人的心理特点及健康教育技巧。结果新护士在调入1个月后能单独完成本职工作，未发生差错和事故，同事对新调入护士评价好，病人满意。结论护士长对新调入护士有目的地进行专科理论知识教育和专科技术操作传授，言传身教，对尽快提高新调入护士的工作能力，确保护理质量起着重要的作用。     

个体成长模型在纵向研究中的应用--以大学新生交往主动性为例

目的介绍个体成长模型方法对大学新生适应能力中交往主动性的3次测查数据采用普通回归模型和个体成长模型进行分析。结果个体成长模型的拟合度比普通回归模型的拟合度要好,个体成长模型可在个体水平上分析个体随时间产生的变化。结论个体成长模型具有许多优点,熟悉这种重要的分析方法对纵向数据研究者是非常有益处的。     

An investigation into the effects of structured music workshops with adults with mental handicap

This study investigated the effects of structured group workshops for a population with special needs. Twenty subjects, each with a mild or moderate mental handicap, attended a series of 10 weekly 1-hour music workshops on the structured group playing of a Javanese Gamelan. Twenty subjects formed a non-intervention control group. The experimental hypothesis was that participation in the experimental group would produce significant improvements in musical ability as measured by the Rossi test of musical ability, devised and validated for use in this study. Significant gains in communication skills as measured by the Communication Assessment Profile for Adults with a Mental Handicap (CASP) and self-esteem levels measured by the Khalid semantic differential technique were also postulated. It was also suggested that these gains would be significantly correlated. Results show significant gains in musical ability (instrumental rhythm production: t = 5.67, d.f. = 29, p < 0.01 and simple rhythm production: t = 8.42, d.f. = 29, p < 0.01) and communication skills (t = 4.69, d.f. = 29, p < 0.01). Moreover these results are significantly correlated (r = 0.59, p < 0.05, r = 0.75, p < 0.05, r = 0.56, p < 0.05). A ceiling effect was obtained in the measurement of self-esteem. It is suggested that these gains derive from certain aspects of the musical communicative environment at the workshops. Suggestions for future research involve examining the possible influences on these developments.     

The natural history of untreated phenylketonuria over 20 years

Fifty-one adults with untreated phenylketonuria (PKU), have been reviewed after a 20 year interval, at ages ranging from 28.8 to 71.8 years. Five died of causes unrelated to PKU. Three severely affected individuals had shown a progressive loss of motor function and three had developed epilepsy, bringing the total with this problem to 12. No loss of abilities was apparent in 41 patients. Other health problems, including cataracts, were not frequent. Serum phenylalanine levels had decreased over the 20 year period. Untreated PKU does not generally cause progressive loss of abilities during adult life.     

Auditory Perception and the Control of Spatially Coordinated Action of Deaf and Hearing Children

From birth onwards, auditory stimulation directs and intensifies visual orientation behaviour. In deaf children, by definition, auditory perception cannot take place and cannot, therefore, make a contribution to visual orientation to objects approaching from outside the initial field of view. In experiment 1, a difference in catching ability is demonstrated between deaf and hearing children (10-13 years of age) when the ball approached from the periphery or from outside the field of view. No differences in catching ability between the two groups occurred when the ball approached from within the field of view. A second experiment was conducted in order to determine if differences in catching ability between deaf and hearing children could be attributed to execution of slow orientating movements and/or slow reaction time as a result of the auditory loss. The deaf children showed slower reaction times. No differences were found in movement times between deaf and hearing children. Overall, the findings suggest that a lack of auditory stimulation during development can lead to deficiencies in the coordination of actions such as catching which are both spatially and temporally constrained.     

农村公共卫生投融资机制存在的问题及对策

当前,农村公共卫生投融资规模不能适应农村居民的卫生服务需要,投融资结构不合理,致使投融资效果不佳,不利于农村卫生事业的发展。为此,需要从四个方面改革农村公共卫生投融资机制:一是要建立健全国家财政投资保障制度,发挥财政在农村公共卫生投资中的主体作用;二是要改革运行模式,拓宽融资渠道;三是要改善投资结构,优化资源配置;四是要创新管理体制,提高农村公共卫生服务能力。     

An investigation of the neuropsychological profile in adults with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS).

Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is associated with deletions on the long arm of chromosome 22, mild intellectual disability, poor social interaction and a high prevalence of psychosis. However, to date there have been no studies investigating the neuropsychological functioning of adults with VCFS. We compared 19 adults with VCFS with 19 age, gender and IQ matched controls using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Compared to controls, adults with VCFS had significant impairments in visuoperceptual ability (Visual Object and Space Perception Battery), problem solving and planning (Tower of London) and abstract and social thinking (Comprehension WAIS-R). It is likely that haploinsufficiency (reduced gene dosage) of a neurodevelopmental gene or genes mapping to chromosome 22q11 underlies the cognitive deficits observed in individuals with VCFS.