批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物分析

我国奶牛养殖规模不断扩大,奶业产值比重逐步提高,给奶牛疫病防治带来巨大压力。奶牛乳房炎及细菌性肺炎等呼吸系统疾病和细菌性肠炎等消化系统疾病最为常见,抗菌药物的使用成为主要防治手段。但抗菌药物的不当使用易使细菌产生耐药性,增加临床治疗的成本和难度,危害我国奶牛产业发展。本文对截至2021年7月我国和美国、英国、日本、欧盟批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物产品进行整理、统计与分析,包括抗菌药物的分类、剂型以及适应证等,旨在为我国奶牛用抗菌药物管理、合理用药和新兽药开发提供参考。     

药物雾化吸入疗法联合纤支镜介入疗法治疗支气管内膜结核患者的疗效分析

目的 探讨抗结核药物雾化吸入疗法联合纤支镜介入疗法治疗支气管内膜结核的可行性。方法 选取2018年3月～2019年3月在沈阳市第十人民医院住院治疗的80例支气管内膜结核患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为两组,各40例。对照组予2HRZE/10HR方案口服药物抗结核治疗,研究组在对照组基础上,应用抗结核药物雾化吸入疗法联合纤支镜介入疗法。比较两组患者治疗效果、治疗的总疗程、不良反应及并发症的发生率。结果 研究组在总有效率、痰菌转阴时间及总治疗疗程方面分别为92.5%、(28.77±4.12)d、(39.2±6.28)周,相对于对照组的为75.0%、(39.49±5.72)d、(47.3±6.65)周,两组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。除术中出血方面两组有统计学差异(P0.05)外,两组其余不良反应者无明显差异(P0.05)。结论 对EBTB患者,在常规抗结核治疗基础上联合使用药物雾化吸入疗法和纤维支气管镜介入疗法治疗可迅速缓解患者临床症状,缩短菌阳患者的痰菌转阴时间及治疗疗程,促进肺不张恢复,提高治疗效果。     

维生素D3治疗小儿变异性哮喘的效果

目的讨论思考丙酸氟替卡松、硫酸沙丁胺醇吸入联合维生素D3治疗小儿变异性哮喘的临床效果。方法抽选于2018年12月-2019年12月期间本院儿科门诊共收治的小儿变异性哮喘患儿72例入组,根据计算机随机分组法均分为两组。对照组(n=36)给予丙酸氟替卡松联合硫酸沙丁胺醇吸入治疗,研究组(n=36)给予丙酸氟替卡松、硫酸沙丁胺醇吸入联合维生素D3治疗。评价及对比两组的疗效、T淋巴细胞含量、血清生化指标。结果研究组的疗效高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组的血清生化指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组的CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+含量低于对照组,且CD8^+含量高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论丙酸氟替卡松、硫酸沙丁胺醇吸入联合维生素D3治疗小儿变异性哮喘,疗效确切,可协同增效、相互补充,缓解症状,维持T淋巴细胞亚群平衡,减轻炎症反应,值得临床借鉴应用。     

子宫肌瘤微创手术中右美托咪定给药方式对比

目的探究右美托咪定不同给药方式在子宫肌瘤微创手术患者中的应用效果对比。方法选取于本院诊治的子宫肌瘤并进行微创手术的患者,分为两组,每组30例。第一组,单次注射组(SI组);第二组,持续注射组(CI组)。SI组和CI组患者在一般资料上差异无统计学意义。通过分析SI组和CI组患者心率、平均动脉压、应激反应相关指标、继发效应的差异性来探究右美托咪定不同给药方式在子宫肌瘤微创手术患者中的应用效果对比。结果在T0时间点,SI组和CI组患者心率、平均动脉压指标数据相近(P>0.05),在T1、T2时间点,SI组患者平均动脉压、心率等指标比CI组优良(P<0.05)。麻醉前,SI组和CI组患者应激反应相关指标数值相差较小(P>0.05),术后,SI组患者应激反应相关指标比CI组优良(P<0.05)。两组患者继发效应发生情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定在手术过程中麻醉效果显著,但单次注射的方法对患者的麻醉效果更佳,继发效应更少。     

中药雾化吸入联合常规疗法与护理措施干预甲状腺癌术后声音嘶哑效果分析

目的:观察在常规治疗与护理基础上加用中药雾化吸入治疗甲状腺癌术后声音嘶哑的效果。方法:纳入120例气阴两虚型甲状腺癌术后声音嘶哑患者,应用随机数字表法分为2组各60例,2组均采用常规治疗与护理措施干预,观察组加用中药雾化吸入治疗,2组疗程均为1个月。治疗前后评价2组患者的声音嘶哑情况评分,评价患者在观察期的用药依从性,出院前评价护理满意度,并比较2组的治疗效果。结果:治疗1个月后,观察组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的用药依从性情况较好,绝大多数患者能够按时按量用药,不受症状波动的影响,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规治疗与护理基础上加用中药雾化吸入干预甲状腺癌术后声音嘶哑,可有效改善声音嘶哑、提高疗效,提高患者的用药依从性和对护理措施的满意度。     

Anticancer Activity of Novel NF-kB Inhibitor DHMEQ by Intraperitoneal Administration

There have been great advances in the therapy of cancer and leukemia. However, there are still many neoplastic diseases that are difficult to treat. For example, it is often difficult to find effective therapies for aggressive cancer and leukemia. An NF- B inhibitor named dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) was discovered in 2000. This compound was designed based on the structure of epoxyquinomicin isolated from a microorganism. It was shown to be a specific inhibitor that directly binds to and inactivates NF- B components. Until now, DHMEQ has been used by many scientists in the world to suppress animal models of cancer and inflammation. Especially, it was shown to suppress difficult cancer models, such as hormone-insensitive breast cancer and prostate cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and multiple myeloma. No toxicity has been reported so far. DHMEQ was administered via the intraperitoneal (IP) route in most of the animal experiments because of its simplicity. In the course of developmental studies, it was found that IP administration never increased the blood concentration of DHMEQ because of the instability of DHMEQ in the blood. It is suggested that inflammatory cells in the peritoneal cavity would be important for cancer progression, and that IP administration, itself, is important for the effectiveness and safety of DHMEQ. In the present review, we describe mechanism of action, its in vivo anticancer activity, and future clinical use of DHMEQ IP therapy.     

Oral levothyroxine therapy postbariatric surgery: Biopharmaceutical aspects and clinical effects

Background

Bariatric surgery can lead to changes in the oral absorption of many drugs. Levothyroxine is a narrow therapeutic drug for hypothyroidism, a common condition among patients with obesity.

Assessment of the Physical Compatibility of Eravacycline and Common Parenteral Drugs During Simulated Y-site Administration

PurposeEravacycline is a broad-spectrum, intravenous fluorocycline antibiotic approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults. A 60-minute infusion is recommended for each infused dose. Compatibility data that may allow convenient Y-site administration of eravacycline with other parenteral medications are unavailable. We aimed to determine the physical compatibility of eravacycline with other intravenous medications by simulated Y-site administration.MethodsEravacycline was reconstituted according to published prescribing information and diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride to a concentration of 0.6 mg/mL. Simulated Y-site administration was performed by mixing 5 mL of eravacycline with an equal volume of 51 other intravenous medications, including crystalloid and carbohydrate hydration fluids and 20 antimicrobials. Secondary medications were assessed at the upper range of concentrations considered standard for intravenous infusion. Mixtures underwent visual inspection and turbidity measurement immediately on mixture and at 3 subsequent time points (30, 60, and 120 minutes after admixture), and pH was measured at 60 minutes for comparison with the baseline value of the secondary medication.FindingsEravacycline was physically compatible with 41 parenteral drugs (80%) by simulated Y-site administration. Incompatibility was observed with albumin, amiodarone hydrochloride, ceftaroline fosamil, colistimethate sodium, furosemide, meropenem, meropenem/vaborbactam, micafungin sodium, propofol, and sodium bicarbonate.ImplicationsEravacycline for injection was physically compatible with most parenteral medications assessed. Pharmacists and nurses should be knowledgeable of the observed incompatibilities with eravacycline to prevent the unintentional mixing of incompatible intravenous medications.