移动质量作用下膨胀波发射装置的振动响应分析

为研究膨胀波发射装置的振动响应，根据膨胀波发射装置的发射机理及结构特点，将弹丸及惯性炮尾视为移动质量，考虑两者刚性运动与发射身管弹性振动间的耦合作用，联立膨胀波发射装置内弹道方程，建立了计及弹丸及惯性炮尾实际运动规律的动力学方程。通过离散求解，给出了膨胀波发射装置发射过程中身管的振动响应及炮口位置处的运动学效应，为提高弹丸射击精度及与机身的一体设计提供了必要的理论参考。     

国外防化医学研究进展及今后面临的任务

本文探讨了目前防化医学面临的新环境，并以美军防化医学为重点剖析了防化医学研究的进展和趋势。全球化学威胁仍将长期存在，化学防护仍将是长期而艰巨的任务。化学军控困难重重、热点地区和国家的化学武器扩散严重、化学战剂和有毒化学品的非战争使用趋势明显、针对人体的化学类非致命性武器研究的不确定性都将使防化医学环境更加复杂多变；科学技术的发展推动了新化学战剂的研究；周边国家和地区的化学威胁、日本遗弃在我国化学武器的销毁都将是我国防化医学研究面临的新形势。防化医学研究的目标战剂和研究领域都将随着环境和形势的变化而拓展和延伸，本文在分析美军防化医学研究的同时，提出了我军防化医学研究可以借鉴的经验。     

平时罕见,特殊情况下发生的几种伤病

一些损伤和疾病平时罕见，特殊情况下可以发生，造成严重危害。特殊情况主要包括严重事故、灾害、战争、恐怖主义活动以及特殊环境与特殊作业的危害等。本阐述了现代战争中发生的贫铀武器伤害、燃料空气炸弹伤害、微波武器伤害和战时精神疾病；可能源于恐怖主义活动的炭疽、天花；严重事故性伤害中的核事故、化学事故和煤矿事故伤害；严重灾害中的地震、海难(海战)落海伤害。中介绍了这些伤病的发生情况、伤害特点与医学救治。     

Pathophysiologic changes due to TASER® devices versus excited delirium: potential relevance to deaths-in-custody?

The syndrome of excited delirium has been implicated in some deaths-in-custody which also involved the use of electronic control devices (ECDs) (including those manufactured by TASER International) on subjects. This review is an update on recent studies of pathophysiologic changes related to these two separate but parallel topics: a) first, the use of ECDs during law-enforcement activities; and b) second, the occurrence of excited delirium during such activities. This is a narrative review of elements that may be of use in generating hypotheses relating to potential similarities or differences between the two topics. Differences between changes in most factors due to excited delirium versus those of ECD applications were not readily apparent in most cases. These factors include: direct and indirect effects on the cardiovascular system, respiration, rhabdomyolysis and muscle enzymes, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hyperglycemia, and increased hematocrit. One factor that may exhibit consistent differences, however, is increased body temperature, which is often evident during excited delirium (versus a lack of increase temperature during ECD exposures). Thus, on the basis of this review, a more detailed delineation of this factor could be a major focus for future forensic investigations of deaths-in-custody involving either excited delirium or ECD exposures.     

Low dosages: new chemotherapeutic weapons on the battlefield of immune-related disease

Chemotherapeutic drugs eliminate tumor cells at relatively high doses and are considered weapons against tumors in clinics and hospitals. However, despite their ability to induce cellular apoptosis, chemotherapeutic drugs should probably be regarded more as a class of cell regulators than cell killers, if the dosage used and the fact that their targets are involved in basic molecular events are considered. Unfortunately, the regulatory properties of chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hidden or masked by the massive cell death induced by high doses. Recent evidence has begun to suggest that low dosages of chemotherapeutic drugs might profoundly regulate various intracellular aspects of normal cells, especially immune cells. Here, we discuss the immune regulatory roles of three kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs under low-dose conditions and propose low dosages as potential new chemotherapeutic weapons on the battlefield of immune-related disease.     

中国人牙齿胶原蛋白中14C浓度测定及评价

目的　测定不同年龄人牙胶原蛋白中的14 C浓度 ,以了解几十年来世界范围内因核试验生成的14 C对中国的环境污染和人体中14 C浓度的影响。方法　从 192 0～ 1977年间出生的上海居民中收集到的牙齿中挑选永久第 8齿 48只 ,经去污、脱钙、提取胶原蛋白 ,再经高温氧化、精制、还原成石墨 ,用加速器质量分析计 (AMS)测定δ14 C ,并用δ13C进行修正 ,求得Δ14 C浓度。结果　δ14 C在 (- 2 9 5 1± 15 0 2 )‰和 (5 75 88± 2 1 0 9)‰之间 ,Δ14 C在 (- 2 7 0 1± 15 32 )‰和 (5 80 34±2 1 5 2 )‰之间 ,且随出生年份不同有显著变化 ,各试料的δ14 C和Δ14 C之差在δ14 C和Δ14 C的标准差的 1/ 3以下。结论　随出生年份不同牙齿胶原蛋白中14 C浓度有显著变化 ,1940年前出生的Δ14 C值属本底水平 ,从 1941年开始呈明显上升趋势 ,至 195 1年前后出生的达最高峰 ,约为 5 80‰ ,以后呈缓慢减少 ,这与以前报道的植物、人体组织中14 C浓度变化有相似倾向 ,与 1990年报道的日本人牙齿中14 C浓度变化相一致 ,并与世界范围内大气层中核试验次数密切相关。     

几种反坦克武器对坦克内动物眼创伤的实验研究

目的探讨反坦克武器攻击坦克后,坦克舱室内动物眼创伤的伤情特点,为眼创伤的防治提供实验依据.方法将48只绵羊随机分成3组分批布放于坦克舱内,分别用大(Ⅰ组)、中(Ⅱ组)、小(Ⅲ组)3种不同口径的反坦克武器射击坦克前甲板.武器爆炸后,测量舱室内有害气体、温度和冲击波超压值,对舱室内动物的眼部进行组织病理学检查.结果各弹种击中目标后,舱室内一氧化碳、氮氧化物和二氧化硫的含量增加,冲击波超压值不同程度的增高,温度无明显变化;眼部出现了显著的葡萄膜和视网膜血管扩张、血细胞淤积,以及视网膜水肿、变性和超微结构改变,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组动物的眼部伤情依次减轻.结论坦克内乘员的眼创伤包括结膜充血、角膜穿通伤、玻璃体出血、视网膜脱离、眶骨骨折、眼球破裂等.这些伤情与武器的类型、致伤效应有关.闭合性眼外伤有外轻内重、葡萄膜和视网膜血管反应明显的特点.     

综合心理干预对涉核官兵心理健康的影响

目的研究综合心理干预对涉核官兵心理健康状况的影响。方法将90名涉核官兵按疗养的时间和批次随机分为对照组和研究组各45名,对照组采用常规疗养,研究组在此基础上给予综合心理干预(包括团体心理辅导及训练、个体认知干预、行为矫治、宣泄疗法、社会支持等干预措施),比较两组涉核官兵疗养干预前后症状自评量表(SCL-90)因子评分、因子总均分及阳性项目情况。结果①两组涉核官兵疗养干预后SCL-90各因子评分、因子总均分、阳性项目数均有所下降;研究组各观察指标降低有显著性统计学意义(t=3.9526,4.0898,3.9342,3.2503,3.4350,3.5029,3.0494,2.8325,2.8466,3.6485,2.9665;P<0.01),对照组各观察指标变化无统计学意义(t=1.6398,1.8593,1.2378,1.0392,1.7934,1.8318,1.8529,0.7142,0.7892,1.7174,0.5535;P>0.05);②两组涉核官兵在疗养干预前SCL-90各观察指标无统计学差别(t=0.8955,0.9577,0.8731,0.9836,1.1797,0.9555,1.1292,1.1585,1.0586,1.0990,0.8837;P>0.05),疗养干预后研究组各观察指标的改善均优于对照组(t=3.0817,3.7191,4.4447,2.3702,2.4597,2.1631,2.7006,2.4540,2.3717,2.2823,1.7517;P<0.05或P<0.01);③两组涉核官兵阳性指标及阳性人数在疗养干预后均有所下降;研究组降低有统计学意义(χ2=4.9390,4.0500,3.8726,4.1860,7.2827,9.6800;P<0.05或P<0.01),对照组降低无统计学意义(χ2=0.4500,0.9321,0.3351,0.1549,0.5488,0.1235,0.000,0.7200,0.6527;P>0.05)。结论综合心理干预可提高涉核官兵整体心理健康水平,并可有效的改善涉核官兵各种心理问题症状。