连续性血液净化治疗患儿静脉留置导管感染风险预测体系的构建及应用

目的:探讨连续性血液净化治疗患儿静脉留置导管感染风险因素,据此构建风险预测体系,并检验其实际应用效果,以期为临床预防护理提供依据。方法:选取医院2018年4月—2020年4月收治的400例连续性血液净化治疗患儿,按两组基础资料具有匹配性原则将其分为构建组300例、验证组100例,统计构建组中静脉留置导管感染患儿例数,通过单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析筛选静脉留置导管感染的独立危险因素,据此构建风险预测体系,并检验其在验证组中的应用效果。结果:经统计得到,构建组中静脉留置导管感染患儿共66例,感染发生率为22.00%;单因素分析得到,连续性血液净化治疗患儿静脉留置导管感染风险因素有穿刺部位、导管留置时间、插管次数、血流速度、血红蛋白、遵医依从性、抗生素使用时间、操作人员手卫生(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析得到,连续性血液净化治疗患儿静脉留置导管感染独立风险因素有股静脉置管、导管留置时间>7 d、血流速度>180 mL/min、血红蛋白<100 g/L、遵医依从性差、抗生素使用时间>7 d(P<0.05);构建得到连续性血液净化治疗患儿静脉留置导管感染风险预测体系为P=1/[1+e^(-(-1.935+1.635×股静脉置管+1.740×导管留置时间>7 d+1.725×血流速度>180 mL/min+2.241×血红蛋白<100 g/L+2.089×遵医依从性差+1.331×抗生素使用时间>7 d))],ROC曲线分析显示,曲线下面积AUC=0.881,灵敏度为86.67%,特异性为97.14%,准确率为94.00%。结论:连续性血液净化治疗患儿静脉留置导管感染风险大,且风险因素复杂,研究构建的静脉留置导管感染风险预测体系灵敏度高、特异性强,评估准确率高。     

A case review of a patient experience of photopheresis using a peripherally inserted central catheter

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a cell based immunomodulatory therapy in which the patient is attached intravenously to a cell separating machine. During ECP a patient's blood is collected via either a central venous access device (CVAD) or a peripherally inserted 16G arterial venous fistula needle in either one or both antecubital fossa. However, patients presenting for ECP with GVHD repeatedly present a challenge to the ECP team due to poor venous access resulting from previous therapies and skin changes. The use of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) offers an alternative route of vascular access for this cohort of patients. Here we present a case report of a patient successfully treated with ECP following the insertion of a PICC line.     

临床护理路径在心血管患者静脉留置针中的研究分析

目的:提高静脉留置针使用有效期,保证心血管患者得到及时用药,有效开放静脉抢救通道。方法:建立了心血管患者静脉留置针的临床护理路径(Clinical Nursing Pathway,CNP)。选择我院2018年1-12月期间接诊的静脉留置针心血管患者为研究对象,共100例,随机分组,即对照组(50例,常规护理)与实验组(50例,在常规护理基础上辅以临床护理路径),比较两组护理效果,包括留置时间、不良反应情况、患者满意度等。结果:护理后,两组患者留置时间无明显差异,但实验组不良反应发生率、静脉炎发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组满意度、一次性置管成功率高于对照组,而非计划性拔管率则低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心血管患者静脉留置针护理中辅以临床护理路径,可减少不良反应,预防静脉炎,延长置管时间,提高护理满意度,值得优选。     

Thrombosis and infections of peripherally inserted central catheters in burn patients: A 3-year retrospective study and a systematic review

AimsPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are becoming common and effective in acute and critical care settings recently. Burn patients need special considerations because of restricted insertion sites, burn wounds, hyper coagulation, high infection rates and others. However, the safety of PICCs in burn patients are not well elucidated and no related protocol has been formed. This study aims to investigate the thrombosis and infections of PICCs in burn patients.MethodsThis was a single center retrospective study and a systematic review. All the burn patients with PICCs between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 were included. A systematic search of Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science was performed from inception to 4 June 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. Upper extremity vein thrombosis (UEVT) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) were the main outcome.ResultsA total of 85 successful PICCs in 78 patients were included. Most patients were male (79.5%), adults(80.8%) and injured by flame(74.4%). The mean TBSA was 50.3% and 76.9% of patients had TBSA more than 30%. Most PICCs were punctured once (60.0%) and inserted less than 30 days after injury (80.0%) through basilar vein (70.6%). The overall line days were 2195 days and the mean line days was 25.8 ± 18.3 days. Six PICCs were complicated by UEVT (7.1%) in 21.2 ± 17.3 days after insertion. Patients with UEVT had significantly higher rate of bacteremia and later insertions than those without UEVT. One patient developed CLABSI and the CLABSI rate was 1.2% and 0.5 per 1000 line days. Six PICCs had catheter colonization. No significant risk factors were identified. Five articles involving 293 patients and 319 PICCs were ultimately evaluated in systematic review. The overall incidence of UEVT was 3.2% and CLABSI was 6.9% in burn populations.ConclusionPICCs in burn patients had acceptable incidence of UEVT and CLABSI with relative long line durations. A standardized PICC guideline for burn patients is required to further improve the feasibility and safety of PICCs.     

静脉留置针持续引流处理乳腺癌术后皮下积液的临床分析

目的:探讨采用静脉留置针持续引流处理乳腺癌术后皮下积液的效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月～2019年12月收治的89例乳腺癌术后皮下积液患者的临床资料。根据处理方式不同将患者分为传统抽吸组35例和留置引流组54例。传统抽吸组每日用一次性50 ml注射器穿刺后抽吸积液,留置引流组用一次性静脉留置针穿刺后留置持续引流。比较两组引流(抽吸)天数、引流(抽吸)总量、穿刺次数、满意度和再选择意愿。结果:留置引流组引流(抽吸)天数、引流(抽吸)总量、穿刺次数均显著少于传统抽吸组,患者满意度和再选择意愿均显著高于传统抽吸组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组皮下积液均经处理后逐渐愈合,均未发生感染、坏死等并发症。结论:采用静脉留置针持续引流处理乳腺癌术后皮下积液,不但可以减少有创操作次数,减轻患者痛苦,还能够缩短积液消退时间,提高患者接受度和满意度。     

改良置管方式对腹膜透析患者早期导管技术生存率的临床分析

目的 通过回顾性研究探讨改良腹膜透析置管手术方式对腹膜透析患者早期导管技术生存率的影响.方法 回顾性分析2010年10月至2012年10月我科采用腹膜透析置管方式改进后的手术终末期肾脏疾病(end stage renal disease,ESRD)患者148例(A组).腹膜透析置管手术改良方式为:①耻骨联合正中点向上约为患者一横掌,正中线旁开1～2 cm为腹膜植入点;②过长网膜预先处理避免术后包裹,将腹膜切口水平2 cm以下部分予以结扎后切除;③引钢丝腹内段弯曲成135度弧形,从荷包口末端上翘沿前腹壁向下插入,至膀胱底部有阻力感后将导丝下压继续向前,待有落空感.荷包结扎后缝线末端提起再打结固定于内涤纶套外侧;④下至上间断缝合腹直肌前鞘,切勿在导管出处上方缝合前鞘,避免缝线张力引起导管末端翘起引起漂管;⑤用隧道针先向上直行约3～4cm再沿设计好隧道走形,模拟鹅颈管皮下段走形.另选择2008年9月至2010年9月我科ESRD患者采用传统腹膜透析置管方式94例(B组)为对照组.观察腹膜透析置管成功术后1个月内:导管移位、导管阻塞、重新置管、腹透液渗漏等早期导管技术生存率及血性腹透液,腹膜炎等并发症情况.结果 2组在年龄、体质量指数及尿量均无统计学差异,具有可比性.经置管方式改良后导管移位(漂管率)、导管阻塞、腹膜透析液渗漏较传统手术方式均有显著改善(P＜0.05),使得由于手术技术原因引起的重新置管率显著降低(P＜0.05);2组间血性透析液,腹膜炎,隧道炎,隧道外口感染等方面的发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 改良腹膜透析置管方法可提高长期肾脏替代治疗患者早期导管技术生存率,减少早期并发症发生,改善患者的生活质量.