左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的影响分析

目的研究左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的疗效以及对智力的影响。方法在本院2017年4月-2019年5月收治的小儿癫痫患儿中选取74例开展研究,按照随机数表法分两组观察组和对照组,观察组37例,对照组37例,对照组采用奥卡西平进行治疗,观察组采用左乙拉西坦进行治疗,对比观察组与对照组组的治疗总有效率和智力评分变化。结果观察组与对照组比较,观察组的治疗总有效率较高,智力评分明显较高,两项对比差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫有较好的治疗效果,治疗总有效率较高,且对患儿的智力有明显的改善作用,在实际临床小儿癫痫的治疗中具有较高的运用价值。     

Spinal canal narrowing during simulated frontal impact

Between 23 and 70% of occupants involved in frontal impacts sustain cervical spine injuries, many with neurological involvement. It has been hypothesized that cervical spinal cord compression and injury may explain the variable neurological profile described by frontal impact victims. The goals of the present study, using a biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication, were to quantify canal pinch diameter (CPD) narrowing during frontal impact and to evaluate the potential for cord compression. The biofidelic model and a sled apparatus were used to simulate frontal impacts at 4, 6, 8, and 10 g horizontal accelerations of the T1 vertebra. The CPD was measured in the intact specimen in the neutral posture (neutral posture CPD), under static sagittal pure moments of 1.5 Nm (pre-impact CPD), during dynamic frontal impact (dynamic impact CPD), and again under static pure moments following each impact (post-impact CPD). Frontal impact caused significant (P<0.05) dynamic CPD narrowing at C0-dens, C2-C3, and C6-C7. The narrowest dynamic CPD was observed at C0-dens during the 10 g impact and was 25.9% narrower than the corresponding neutral posture CPD. Interpretation of the present results indicate that the neurological symptomatology reported by frontal impact victims is most likely not due to cervical spinal cord compression. Cord compression due to residual spinal instability is also not likely.     

恒河猴坐姿着陆冲击内耳损伤的观察

为研究机体及各组织器官对冲击力的耐受限值，探讨致伤原因及提出防护措施，利用着陆冲击塔，使实验动物恒河猴的坐姿状态下，进行冲击试验，试验后１ｈ左右处死，作大体解剖观察并取心，肝，脾，肺，颞骨等组织，固定，切片，镜检。同时重点观察了内耳的损伤。结果表明，冲击载荷不大（平台过载值为≤２５Ｇ）时内脏虽然有轻度损伤，但内耳可避免受员，当冲击力加大到一定程度（平台过载值为３０～３５Ｇ）导致内脏中等损伤时，内耳     

网络和现实社会交互环境对网民的健康效应及卫生策略

网络社会对人类社会活动和生活方式带来了极大的影响，对人群健康的作用也存在双重效应。网络成瘾、网络孤独以及生理损伤成为网络社会的主要健康问题，但提高网民社会化程度、提供虚拟支持、增加健康信息供给的途径也给网民带来了诸多的健康效益。目前，要积极制定网络社会卫生策略，以促进网络社会化、虚拟支持和网络健康赋权对网民健康的贡献。     

人头部力锤冲击试验的生物力学研究

目的：探讨人头部受主动冲击的钝力作用时的力响应特点,同时测试头部各部位承受最大冲击力的限度,从冲击动力学角度去探讨颅脑损伤的生物力学机理。方法：使用配备大量程力传感器的力锤对人尸体头部各部位进行冲击试验,记录接触力响应曲线,并手工记录锤头的质地、质量、初速度、冲击面大小,以及被冲击的头部是否有破坏性反应(头皮挫裂及颅骨骨折)。结果：人头部对主动冲击的钝物的接触力响应曲线为类似正弦波的脉冲波形,其波形宽度及峰值因冲击物的质地、有无头皮等发生变化;人头部在小面积钝物的冲击作用下,造成头皮挫裂的冲击力最大值平均为5100N;使颞部、顶部、额部、枕部骨折的冲击力最大值的平均值分别为6200、8100、8300、11000N;利用试验得到的数据,验证了作用于头部的钝物与头部组成的系统相当于带有强阻尼的弹簧振子。结论：头部在受到主动冲击时,典型的接触力一时间曲线为类似正弦波的脉冲波形;大面积的钝器作用于头部造成的颅骨骨折,更多发生延伸至远处的线形骨折;本试验还得出了人头部能耐受的冲击力大小等参数,这些对于建立有限元模型进行分析和验证是必须的。     

Estimates of global research productivity in virology

The quantity and quality of published research in the field of Virology by different world regions was estimated in this study. Using the PubMed database, articles from journals included in the "Virology" category of the "Journal Citation Reports" database of the Institute for Scientific Information for the period 1995-2003 were retrieved. The world was divided into nine regions based on geographic, economic, and scientific criteria. Data on the country of origin of the research was available for 33,425 out of 33,712 articles (99.2% of all articles from the included journals). USA exceeds all other world regions in research production for the period studied (42% of total articles), with Western Europe ranking second (35.7%). The mean impact factor in articles published in Virology journals was highest for the USA (4.60), while it was 3.90 for Western Europe and 3.22 for the rest of the world (seven regions combined). USA and Canada ranked first in research productivity when both gross national income per capita (GNIPC) and population were taken into account. The results of this analysis show a distressing fact; the absolute and relative production of research in the field of Virology by the developing regions is very low, although viral diseases cause considerable morbidity and mortality in these areas. It is evident from this study that developing regions need more help from the developed regions to enhance research infrastructure.     

Public health impact of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with a mutation at amino-acid position 315 of katG: a decade of experience in The Netherlands

A previous limited study demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with a mutation at amino-acid position 315 of katG (Delta315) exhibited high-level resistance to isoniazid and were more frequently resistant to streptomycin. In the present study, isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates from 8,332 patients in The Netherlands (1993-2002) were screened for the Delta315 mutation. Isoniazid resistance was found in 592 (7%) isolates, of which 323 (55%) carried Delta315. IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that Delta315 isolates occurred in clusters, suggesting recent transmission, at the same frequency as isoniazid-susceptible isolates. In contrast, other isoniazid-resistant isolates clustered significantly less frequently. Delta315 isolates were high-level isoniazid-resistant, streptomycin-resistant and multidrug-resistant significantly more often, and may have a greater impact on public health, than other isoniazid-resistant isolates.     

Predictive genetic testing in children and adults: a study of emotional impact

AIM—To determine whether, following predictive genetic testing for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), children or adults receiving positive results experience clinically significant levels of anxiety or depression, and whether children receiving positive results experience higher levels of anxiety or depression than adults receiving positive results.
DESIGN—Two studies, one cross sectional and one prospective.
SAMPLE—208 unaffected subjects (148 adults and 60 children) at risk for FAP who have undergone genetic testing since 1990.
MAIN MEASURES—Dependent variables: anxiety, depression; independent variables: test results, demographic measures, psychological resources (optimism, self-esteem).
RESULTS—Study 1. In children receiving positive results, mean scores for anxiety and depression were within the normal range. There was a trend for children receiving positive results to be more anxious and depressed than those receiving negative results. In adults, mean scores for anxiety were within the normal range for those receiving negative results, but were in the clinical range for those receiving positive results, with 43% (95% CI 23-65) of the latter having scores in this range. Regardless of test result, adults were more likely to be clinically anxious if they were low in optimism or self-esteem. Children receiving positive or negative results did not experience greater anxiety or depression than adults. Study 2. For children receiving a positive test result, mean scores for anxiety, depression, and self-esteem were unchanged over the year following the result, while mean anxiety scores decreased and self-esteem increased after receipt of a negative test result over the same period of time.
CONCLUSION—Children, as a group, did not show clinically significant distress over the first year following predictive genetic testing. Adults were more likely to be clinically anxious if they received a positive result or were low in optimism or self-esteem, with interacting effects. The association between anxiety, self-esteem, and optimism suggests that counselling should be targeted, not only at those with positive test results, but also at those low in psychological resources.


Keywords: genetic testing; children; familial adenomatous polyposis; emotional impact     

骶骨骨折的动态冲击试验研究

目的:探讨骶骨在冲击载荷作用下发生骨折的机理。方法:采集人体新鲜骨盆标本10具,分别行动态冲击试验和静态破坏试验,测量动态骨折时的一系列动力学参数,确定骨折的动力学特性。结果:⑴骶骨受垂直冲击时按应力波的传递方向发生骨折,其动力学性质呈粘弹性,应力波呈周期性衰减,得到了骶骨的载荷响应曲线与应变响应曲线;骶骨骨折的平均冲击载荷为(9366±514) N,冲击时间为(2.78±1.02) s,动荷系数为1.21。⑵骶骨的动态破坏机制与静态破坏机制有很大的不同,不但极限载荷不同,而且前者随应变速率的提高而快速增加,冲击能量在25 J以上时呈脆性劈裂状通过骶孔或骶髂关节骨折,并累及神经根损伤,而静态大多为骶髂关节骨折。结论:骶骨骨折大都在高速冲击下发生,与其动力学特性、力的传导以及动载荷响应等诸多因素相关。