Transcatheter arterial embolization of abnormal neovessels in a swine model of knee arthritis

BackgroundIn recent years, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) has attracted attention as a treatment for relieving osteoarthritis (OA) pain. However, IPM/CS is not approved by Japanese medical insurance for use as an embolic material. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new embolic materials for TAE to relieve OA pain. The purpose of this study was to develop a swine model of knee arthritis and embolize abnormal neovessels (ANs) using two different embolic materials. We compared the embolic effects and tissue damage in knees.MethodsKnee arthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of papain into 12 knees in six female swine. The swine were divided into two groups of three swine each (six knees per group) for embolization of ANs in the knees with either IPM/CS or soluble gelatin sponge particles (SGSs). Three days after embolization, we compared the embolic effects using angiography and the tissue damage histopathologically.ResultsANs were observed in all 12 knees at 42 days after papain injection. The ANs disappeared and the patent arteries were recanalized 3 days after TAE in all 12 knees. Histopathological evaluation revealed synovitis changes, such as synovial thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration, in all 12 knees. There was no evidence of skin or muscle necrosis in either group. The appearance of ANs, recanalization of the parent arteries, and histopathological outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionSGSs were as safe as IPM/CS for TAE of ANs in this swine model of knee arthritis.     

Synergic in-vitro activity of imipenem and sulbactam against Acinetobacter baumannii

The interaction between sulbactam and imipenem was evaluated with four clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, including two isolates resistant to imipenem, one of which produced IMP-1 metallo-beta-lactamase. Two isolates (one of which was imipenem-resistant) were sulbactam-resistant by undefined mechanisms. MICs were determined by standard broth microdilution methods. Time-kill assays with imipenem and sulbactam, alone or in combination at 0.5 x MIC and 1 x MIC, showed a synergic effect in all four isolates of A. baumannii after incubation for 0, 4, 8 and > 24 h at 35 degrees C.     

IMPs, VIMs and SPMs: the diversity of metallo-β-lactamases produced by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Brazilian hospital

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n=183), collected from bacteraemic patients hospitalised in Sao Paulo Hospital (Brazil) during 2000-2001, were screened for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. The polymyxins were the most active compounds (100% susceptibility), followed by amikacin and cefepime (59.0%), meropenem (57.4%), and imipenem and gentamicin (55.2%). Imipenem-resistant isolates were ribotyped and screened for production of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) by PCR with primers for bla(IMP), bla(VIM) and bla(SPM). MBL production was detected in 36 isolates (19.7% of the entire collection; 43.9% of the imipenem-resistant isolates) and the MBLs included SPM-1-like (55.6%), VIM-2-like (30.6%) and IMP-1-like (8.3%) enzymes.     

国产美罗培南治疗急性细菌性感染的临床试验

目的:研究国产美罗培南用于抗感染治疗的临床疗效和安全性.方法:将30例中、重度急性细菌性感染患者按随机对照平行法分成2组,治疗组14例,给予美罗培南0.5g,q8h,静脉滴注;对照组16例,给予泰能(亚胺培南/西司他丁)1.0g,q8h,静脉滴注.两药疗程均为7～10d.结果:两组的临床痊愈率均为50%;临床有效率治疗组和对照组分别为85.7%和87.5%;细菌清除率分别为84.6%和85.7%;不良反应发生率分别为14.3%和18.8%.以上指标两组差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:国产新药美罗培南用于抗感染治疗安全有效.     

Chemo-Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Factors Affecting Toxicity Patterns

Abstract

Radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck can be used according to different strategies: concomitant, alternation, consecutive. The limiting acute toxicity is local with the radiosensitizing capacity of the drug and type of radiation fractionation being the predominant factors. Regimens providing more that 50% of complete responses are usually associate with a more than 40% incidence of severe local reaction. More information is needed on late toxicity that influences the quality of life for these patients.     

Cholangiopathy after short‐term administration of piperacillin and imipenem/cilastatin

Abstract: We describe a patient who suffered from intestinal perforation after abdominal trauma. Perioperatively, he was treated with a single dose of piperacillin and 9 doses of imipenem/cilastatin over 3 days. The patient was discharged 5 days after surgery in good clinical condition and with normal liver values except for a marginal elevation of alanine aminotransferase. Two weeks after discharge, he developed fatigue, fever and pruritus, necessitating rehospitalization. He was jaundiced and had elevated alkaline phosphatase and transaminases. After exclusion of an intra‐abdominal fluid collection, a vascular problem, and infectious or autoimmune liver disease, a liver biopsy was performed. The biopsy revealed centrizonal bilirubinostasis, a portal infiltrate rich in eosinophils and cholangitis. Lymphocyte transformation tests for piperacillin and imipenem/cilastatin were positive, suggesting an immunological mechanism for the observed hepatopathy. Cholestasis gradually decreased but was detectable for several weeks. The patient had a full clinical and biochemical recovery after 3 months. We conclude that short‐term therapy with piperacillin, imipenem/cilastatin or the combination of these drugs can lead to the same type of hepatopathy as described for amoxycillin/clavulanic acid or antistaphylococcal penicillins. Liver biopsy and positive lymphocyte transformation are compatible with an immunological mechanism.     

哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠治疗肺部感染的临床研究

目的　以亚胺培南 /西司他丁作为对照药物 ,评价哌拉西林钠 /他唑巴坦钠治疗中、重度肺部感染的有效性和安全性。方法　哌拉西林钠 /他唑巴坦钠 3.375 g静脉滴注 ,每 12 h一次 ,或亚胺培南 /西司他丁 0 .5 g静脉滴注 ,每 12 h一次 ,治疗中、重度肺部感染 ,疗程为 7- 14 d。结果　共治疗病人 90例 ,其中试验组 5 8例 ,对照组 32例。哌拉西林钠 /他唑巴坦钠试验组治疗中、重度肺部感染有效率 91.38% ,治愈率 81.0 4 % ,细菌清除率 89.4 6 % ,副作用发生率 3.4 5 % ;亚胺培南 /西司他丁对照组有效率 90 .6 3% ,治愈率 81.2 5 % ,细菌清除率 90 .0 0 % ,副作用发生率 3.13%。两组各率比较差异无显著性 (p>0 .0 5 )。结论　哌拉西林钠 /他唑巴坦钠是一高效、安全广谱抗菌药物 ,对中、重度肺部感染的疗效与亚胺培南 /西司他丁相似 ,两者副作用发生率相近     

亚胺培南治疗院内常见耐药菌血流感染给药方案结合蒙特卡洛模拟的药物经济学评价

目的 探讨亚胺培南不同给药方案治疗院内常见耐药菌血流感染的经济学效果。方法 调查中山市人民医院2019—2020年应用亚胺培南治疗院内常见耐药菌血流感染病例共151例,按照实际给药分为A方案：0.5 g/次,每12小时给药1次（q12h）;B方案：0.5 g/次,每8小时给药1次（q8h）;C方案：1 g/次,q12h;D方案：1 g/次,q8h;E方案：1 g/次,每6小时给药1次（q6h）。分别进行蒙特卡洛模拟（MCS）,计算各方案的累积反应分数（CFR）,进行成本效果分析（CEA）。结果 5组方案的成本效果比（C/E）分别为68.5、68.2、100.4、82.6、93.1,以A方案为参照,余下4种方案的增量成本效果比（△C/△E）分别为65.9、845.1、147.2、201.8。结论 C/E最小的B方案对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（MDR-AB）、耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌（CRPA）和耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科（CRE）的抗菌活性较差,并非院内常见耐药菌血流感染最理想的方案,应结合临床耐药菌种选择给药方案。D方案的药物经济学评价效果优于C方案和E方案,且更多给药频次的E方案并未体现出更高收益。