Bone mineral density in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Background: There is limited data available especially in Indian Population about prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and various factors associated with it in CKD patients not on dialysis. Material: This study included 75 adult patients. Patients were divided into three groups depending upon GFR. Serum creatinine, albumin, calcium, phosphate (PO4), alkaline phosphatase, iPTH and Vitamin D were measured at baseline. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: There were 51 male and 24 female patients. The mean serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and iPTH levels increased steadily as CKD progressed. On the other hand, mean corrected serum calcium and Vitamin D levels decreased progressively in group A, B and C. The mean serum PTH values in group A, B and C were 137.16?±?109.85, 265.02?±?132.03 and 328.14?±?119.23?pg/mL, respectively and there was significant increase in mean PTH level from group A to group C (p?<?0.05). The mean level of vitamin D showed a trend of declination from group A to C (p?<?0.05). Z-score for group A, group B and group C was 1.11?±?2.39, 0.87?±?2.66 and ?0.92?±?1.59, respectively. Similarly, T score for the three groups were 0.47?±?2.34, ?0.4?±?2.00 and ?1.524?±?1.42. Both T-score and Z-score positively correlated with GFR. There was negative correlation between Z-score and iPTH, and positive correlation with Vitamin D. Conclusion: Reduced bone density was seen early in the course of CKD as estimated from reduced BMD levels, increased prevalence of osteoporosis and increased fracture risk and it worsened with the progression of CKD.     

Predictive value of intact parathyroid hormone measurement during surgery for renal hyperparathyroidism

Background and aims In contrast to that in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, the value of intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) measurement is still unclear in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism and was, therefore, evaluated in a large cohort of patients.Patients Intraoperative iPTH measurement was performed in 153 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism (129 with terminal renal failure and 24 with functioning kidney graft). Subtotal and total parathyroidectomy were performed in 123 and 13 patients, respectively, during initial surgery. In patients with recurrent disease (17), the respective hyperfunctioning tissue was removed. Intraoperative blood samples were obtained by puncture of the internal jugular vein before preparation of the parathyroids (PTH₀) and 15 min after parathyroidectomy (PTH₁₅). iPTH was measured with the Elecsys 2010 system. Postoperative iPTH levels (PTH_post) were determined at postoperative days 1 to 3 and at week 2. Patients were arbitrarily divided in four groups according to the postoperative iPTH values: 0–25 pg/ml (group 1), 26–65 pg/ml (group 2), 66–150 pg/ml (group 3) and more than 150 pg/ml (group 4).Results The mean PTH₀ value was 869±57 pg/ml, which decreased to 167±15 pg/ml at PTH₁₅. The mean relative PTH₁₅ value was 21.6±1.7%. Postoperatively, iPTH decreased to 42±9 pg/ml. The postoperative iPTH value of the 129 patients with terminal renal failure was 25 pg/ml or less in 99 patients, 26–65 pg/ml in 11 patients, 66–150 pg/ml in eight patients and higher than 150 pg/ml in 11 patients. Two successive criteria of iPTH decrease were used: first, a PTH₁₅ of 150 pg/ml or, second, a relative PTH₁₅ of 30% less was used. Fifteen patients did not fulfil both criteria. In 13 of them (86.7%) iPTH_post was higher than 65 pg (true failure to decline). Of 114 patients who fulfilled the criteria, 108 (94.7%) had normal postoperative iPTH values (true decline). Absolute PTH₁₅ values of less than 150 pg/ml predicted normal postoperative iPTH levels in 77 of 78 patients.Conclusion A PTH₁₅ value of 150 pg/ml or less predicts operative success in patients with renal failure in 98.7% of cases, independently of the relative decay. In contrast, if the relative PTH₁₅ is higher than 30%, high postoperative PTH values are predicted with a probability of 86.7%. Although there remain some borderline cases, intraoperative iPTH measurement is accurate and also can be useful in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism.The paper was presented at the first constitutive meeting of the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons (ESES) in Pisa, Italy, on 14–15 May 2004     

1.50mmol/L钙浓度透析液对钙磷代谢及血清全段甲状旁腺激素的长期影响

目的 观察在将1.75 mmol/L钙浓度的透析液(1.75 CaD)改为使用1.50 mmol/L钙浓度透析液(1.50 CaD)进行长期透析后,慢性血液透析患者钙磷代谢以及甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)水平和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)水平的变化.方法 选择首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院长期使用1.75 CaD的患者,且透析前血钙正常的患者72例,观察其透析前后血钙、血磷、iPTH和AKP浓度在改用1.50 CaD透析12个月后的变化情况.结果 在改用1.50 CaD后,虽然透析前钙磷乘积并没有降低,但透析前、后血钙均有降低(P值分别＜0.05和0.01);血iPTH及AKP水平显著升高(P值分＜0.01和0.05).结论 对于使用1.75CaD而透析前血钙正常的患者,改用1.50 CaD后虽不能降低透析前钙磷乘积,但可以显著降低透析前血钙水平,减少高钙血症的发生;但应注意有促进继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进和肾性骨病发生的可能.     

继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者甲状旁腺组织体外培养的初步探讨

目的 通过检测甲状旁腺组织经冰冻保存再复苏后有无分泌功能,为甲状旁腺全切除术后出现持续性低钙血症的患者行再次自体移植提供证据.方法 将因为肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者行甲状旁腺切除术,切除的甲状旁腺组织标本进行快速冰冻保存,分别于1个月及3个月后复苏进行体外培养,测定全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)水平并对组织做形态学检查观察组织的成活情况.结果 共收集甲状旁腺组织标本7例,甲状旁腺组织经形态学及分泌的iPTH检测证实:冻存1月和3月后再复苏的甲状旁腺组织仍有分泌功能,较新鲜甲状旁腺组织分泌功能无差异(F =1.225,P=0.317),且分泌曲线相似,均在5d至10d之间达到高峰;透射电镜观察下可见新鲜甲状旁腺组织的细胞超微结构完整,冻存组织复苏后的甲状旁腺细胞仍具有完整细胞结构.结论 甲状旁腺组织碎片在冻存1月、3月后仍有分泌功能,有用于再移植的可能性.     

18jährige Patientin mit Hyperkalziämie, Hypophosphatämie, Nephrokalzinose und im Normbereich gelegenen iPTH

Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über eine 18j?hrige Patientin mit prim?rem Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT) bei normalem intakten Parathormon (iPTH) und histologisch nachgewiesenem Nebenschilddrüsenadenom. Die Ursache für diese seltene biochemische Konstellation sind m?glicherweise biologisch aktive N-terminale Fragmente des intakten Parathormonpolypeptides, die mit dem weitverbreiteten PTH IRMA Assay nicht erfa?t werden. Bei Verdacht auf prim?ren Hyperparathyreoidismus sollte daher die Diagnose und Planung der weiteren Therapie nicht ausschlie?lich vom intakten Parathormonspiegel (iPTH) abh?ngig gemacht werden.      

老年慢性心力衰竭患者血浆CTGF、iPTH、甲状腺激素水平与心功能的相关性

 目的 探讨老年慢性心力衰(chronic heart failure,CHF)竭患者血浆CTGF、iPTH、甲状腺激素、NT-proBNP及LVMI与心功能的相关性。方法 选取≥60岁CHF患者120例,分为心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级组,各40例;选取同期住院体检的健康老人40例作为对照组。比较四组血浆CTGF、iPTH、甲状腺激素水平、NT-proBNP及LVMI的差异,采用Spearman等级相关分析CHF患者血浆CTGF、iPTH、甲状腺激素水平、NT-proBNP、LVMI与心功能分级的相关性。结果 CHF心功能Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ级组、Ⅳ级组血浆CTGF、iPTH、NT-proBNP、LVMI水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),且随心功能分级的升高,血浆CTGF、iPTH、NT-proBNP、LVMI水平明显升高 (P＜0.05);心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级三组患者FT3水平明显均低于对照组(P＜0.01),且随心功能分级的升高,FT3水平明显降低 (P＜0.05)。血浆CTGF、iPTH、NT-proBNP、LVMI与心功能分级呈正相关(ρ>0.6,P＜0.05);FT3与心功能分级呈负相关 (ρ<-0.6,P＜0.05)。CHF患者血浆CTGF、NT-proBNP、iPTH均与LVMI呈正相关(r>0.6, P＜0.05);FT3与LVMI呈负相关(r<-0.6, P＜0.05)。结论 血浆CTGF、iPTH、FT3、NT-proBNP及LVMI与老年CHF患者心功能分级相关性较强,可作为CHF临床诊断和病情评估的重要指标。     

尿毒症性甲旁亢经皮微波消融治疗后血清iPTH的疗效评价作用

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮微波消融治疗尿毒症性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）术后全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）作为评判其疗效指标的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年12月在海军军医大学（第二军医大学）第二附属医院和淮安市肿瘤医院接受超声引导下微波消融治疗的尿毒症性SHPT患者51例。依据消融策略的不同,将患者分为全消融组（30例）和非完全消融组（21例）。51例患者术前均进行对比增强超声造影（CEUS）和同位素定位检查。非完全消融组术前对每个增生腺体完成细针穿刺提取物iPTH测定,全消融组术后均进行CEUS和同位素检查,确认增生腺体是否完全消融。所有患者均完成术后9个月随访,分析比较两组术后iPTH生化指标变化情况。 结果 51例SHPT患者增生腺体共196枚均顺利完成消融治疗。两组术后1 h及1个月、3个月的iPTH水平较术前均明显下降（P＜0.05）,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;全消融组4例患者术后6个月iPTH水平发生反弹,非完全消融组3个月后8例患者发生反弹;在随访的第6、9个月非完全消融组iPTH水平出现反弹的例数和反弹幅度均高于全消融组（P均＜0.05）,两组iPTH水平比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 仅以iPTH单纯作为经皮微波消融治疗尿毒症性SHPT术后疗效的主要指标存在缺陷,临床上应建立新的评价体系来综合评估该治疗方法的有效性。     

Calcidiol and PTH Levels in Women Attending an Osteoporosis Program

We performed a retrospective study of 237 patients attending a specialty osteoporosis practice. Secondary causes for reduced bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated in 196 postmenopausal women and 41 premenopausal women; mean age was 56 ± 13.8 years (mean ± SD). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (QDR 1000W/2000 Hologic). Levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcidiol [25(OH)D], thyroid-stimulating hormone, and 24-hour urinary calcium were measured, and serum and urine protein (SPEP and UPEP) electrophoresis were performed. Overall, 16% of our patients had 25(OH)D levels <15 ng/ml, the lowest acceptable vitamin D level without a concomitant rise in iPTH levels. Among the osteoporotic patients (T score <−2.5 SD), 17% had 25(OH)D levels <15 ng/ml and 7% <10 ng/ml. Among the osteopenic patients (−2.5 < T < −1.0 SD), 11% had 25(OH)D levels <15 ng/ml. Seventeen percent of patients with Z score ≤−1.0 SD (low range normal value) had 25(OH)D levels <15 ng/ml. Low 25(OH)D levels were inversely related to high iPTH values (r = 0.30, P < 0.0001). Hypercalciuria was present in 15% of our patients, elevations of PTH levels (>65 pg/ml, upper normal limit of assay) were present in 11.5%, and hyperthyroidism in 4%. A 25(OH)D level of <25 ng/ml in women (n = 86) with no known secondary causes of low BMD was associated with an iPTH level above 49 pg/ml. The measurement of 25(OH)D levels is recommended in the evaluation of secondary causes for reduced BMD. Supplementation with vitamin D appears needed to keep 25(OH)D above 25 ng/ml, the level required to prevent increments in iPTH levels. Received: 9 February 1998 / Accepted: 1 October 1998