超导可视无痛人流术178例临床观察分析

目的：探究超导可视无痛人流术178例临床疗效。方法对照组178例患者给予无痛人工流产术治疗，观察组178例患者给予超导可视无痛人流术，观察对比2组手术时间、宫腔操作时间、术中出血量、术后并发症等情况。结果观察组手术时间、宫腔操作时间及术中出血量分别为（4.1±1.2）min、（1.2±0.4）min、（10.7±2.5）mL，对照组各观察指标分别为（5.8±1.3）min、（1.9±0.5）min、（19.2±2.4）mL，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组术后并发生症率为7.3%，明显低于对照组的25.3%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组未发生宫腔残留，对照组宫腔残留率为7.3%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论在阴道B超可视条件下开展无痛人流术操作，有助于保障手术操作的有效性和安全性，值得临床应用和推广。     

Substantia nigra echogenicity correlated with clinical features of Parkinson's disease

BackgroundTranscranial sonography can display structural alterations in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and is considered to be a potential useful tool for the diagnosis of PD. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between SN echogenicity and clinical features in Chinese patients with PD.MethodsA total of 420 subjects including 290 patients with PD and 130 controls were recruited from the neurological clinic or the community. Transcranial sonographic evaluations of the SN were performed in all subjects, and motor and non-motor symptoms were thoroughly assessed by a series of rating scales in PD patients.ResultsTwo hundred and one patients were successfully assessed by transcranial sonography. SN hyperechogenicity was found to be associated with male sex (p = 0.004), higher scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II (p = 0.001) and autonomic symptoms scores (p = 0.003). Moreover, regression analysis revealed that UPDRS part II scores (odds ratio = 1.141, p < 0.001) and gender (odds ratio = 2.409, p = 0.007) could be the independent predictors for SN hyperechogenicity; in addition, among all items of UPDRS part II, speech, dressing, hygiene, and turning in bed and adjusting bed clothes significantly correlated with SN hyperechogenicity.ConclusionsThis is the first report suggesting the correlation between SN echogenicity and UPDRS part II, and we conclude that increased SN echogenicity might reflect more severe disease disability or poorer medical response.     

Comparative study of the substantia nigra echogenicity and 123I-Ioflupane SPECT in patients with synucleinopathies with and without REM sleep behavior disorder

ObjectivesHyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) and abnormal dopamine transporter-single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) are biomarkers commonly used in the assessment of prodromal synucleinopathy. Our goals were as follows: (1) to compare echogenicity of SN in idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder (iRBD), Parkinson's disease (PD) without RBD (PD-noRBD), PD with RBD (PD + RBD), and control subjects; and (2) to examine association between SN degeneration assessed by DAT-SPECT and SN echogenicity.Patients/methodsA total of 61 subjects with confirmed iRBD were examined using Movement Disorders Society-unified PD rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), TCS (transcranial sonography) and DAT-SPECT. The results were compared with 44 patients with PD (25% PD + RBD) and with 120 age-matched healthy subjects.Results and conclusionThe abnormal SN area was found in 75.5% PD, 23% iRBD and 7.3% controls. Median SN echogenicity area in PD (0.27 ± 0.22 cm²) was higher compared to iRBD (0.07 ± 0.07 cm²; p < 0.0001) and controls (0.05 ± 0.03 cm²; p < 0.0001). SN echogenicity in PD + RBD was not significantly different from PD-noRBD (0.30 vs. 0.22, p = 0.15).Abnormal DAT-SPECT was found in 16 iRBD (25.4%) and 44 PD subjects (100%). No correlation between the larger SN area and corresponding putaminal binding index was found in iRBD (r = −0.13, p = 0.29), nor in PD (r = −0.19, p = 0.22).The results of our study showed that: (1) SN echogenicity area in iRBD was higher compared to controls, but the hyperechogenicity was present only in a minority of iRBD patients; (2) SN echogenicity and DAT-SPECT binding index did not correlate in either group; and (3) SN echogenicity does not differ between PD with/without RBD.     

经腹及经阴道超声对子宫腺肌瘤的诊断

目的评价经腹超声与经阴道超声对子宫腺肌瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析在该院就诊的45例患者的病史资料,将超声与病理诊断结果进行对比分析。结果经阴道超声对子宫腺肌瘤诊断的灵敏度(93.33%)、特异度(86.67%)、约登指数(0.8)、诊断准确率(93.33%)均高于经腹超声检查灵敏度(66.67%)、特异度(66.67%)、约登指数(0.33)、诊断准确率(66.67%)。结论经阴道超声检查对子宫腺肌瘤的诊断优于经腹超声。     

眼眶孤立性纤维瘤12例临床影像学分析

目的：探讨眼眶孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的彩色多普勒超声及磁共振成像(MRI)特点。

方法：回顾性病例研究。收集2013-04/2018-08天津医科大学眼科医院收治的12例眼眶SFT患者的临床资料,均行彩色多普勒超声和MRI平扫、增强及动态增强检查,分析其临床影像学特点。

结果：纳入的12例患者中男7例,女5例,病程3mo～20a(平均3.2±5.2a),6例为首次发病,6例为复发病例; 均为单眼发病,其中左眶8例,右眶4例。肿瘤位于眼球后肌锥间隙内5例,肌锥间隙外3例,跨肌锥间隙内、外4例; 肿瘤形状呈卵形9例,不规则形3例,边界均清晰。超声表现为低回声10例,不均匀回声2例; 12例彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)均可见血流信号,阻力指数(RI)平均值0.70,PW均测得动脉频谱。MRI表现在T1WI均呈等信号; T2WI呈低信号 5例,等信号3例,中高信号4例,内部信号均匀9例,不均匀3例; 增强后12例均呈显著强化,10例均匀强化,2例不均匀强化。动态增强扫描的时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)7例为速升平台型,5例为速升速降型。

结论：眼眶SFT在彩超显示低回声、富血供的实体瘤,MRI提示T1WI呈等信号,T2WI信号混杂,增强后显著强化,动态增强TIC曲线以速升型为主的特征性表现对诊断具有重要意义。     

精索扭转的循证诊断与治疗

目的:系统评价精索扭转的诊断及处理方法。方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、维普资讯、CNKI,查找有关精索扭转的随机对照研究,检索时限均为1990~2012年,研究者对文献质量进行严格评价和资料提取,采用盲法分析。结果:共纳入27篇文献,3 541例患者纳入研究。结果表明:多普勒彩超在诊断阴囊急症明显优于常规超声,成为阴囊急症的首选影像学诊断方法;对任何年龄段的急性阴囊疼痛的患者均应行手术探查,没有足够的证据支持单侧精索扭转行对侧睾丸固定;精索扭转对于患侧睾丸生育功能的影响会随着患者年龄的增长而增加,对于健侧睾丸的影响尚存在争议。结论:对于有阴囊症状的患者应及时行阴囊多普勒彩超筛查,对于已确认精索扭转患者及阴囊急症患者应立即行阴囊手术探查,根据具体情况以决定是否行双侧睾丸固定术,对患者生育功能应加强随访。     

Transvaginal color Doppler sonography versus sonohysterography in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of transvaginal color Doppler sonography (TVCD) and sonohysterography (SHG) in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps. METHODS: Fifty-one women (mean age, 51 years; range, 27-75 years) with clinical or B-mode sonographic suspicion of endometrial polyps were included in this prospective study. Transvaginal color Doppler sonography first and then SHG were performed in all patients. On TVCD, a polyp was suspected when a vascular pedicle penetrating the endometrium from the myometrium was identified. On SHG, a polyp was suspected when a focal polypoid lesion was seen within the endometrial cavity. All patients underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, the findings of which were used as the criterion standard. Sensitivity and specificity for TVCD and SHG were calculated and compared by the McNemar test. RESULTS: Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy findings were as follows: endometrial polyps, 41; endometrial hyperplasia, 3; cystic atrophy, 4; proliferative endometrium, 2; and endometritis, 1. Sensitivity and specificity for TVCD and SHG were 95% and 80% and 100% and 80%, respectively (McNemar test, P = .5) CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal color Doppler sonography and SHG had similar performance for diagnosing endometrial polyps.     

Sonographic and Doppler imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease: a 12-year experience.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical utility of sonography with Doppler examination in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 355 cases of GTD seen over a 12-year period in 2 large university referral hospitals in China was performed. Clinical appearances, sonographic findings, Doppler waveforms, and patient outcomes were reviewed. Sonographic and Doppler examinations were performed to diagnose the presence of molar tissue, detect invasive disease, assess disease recurrence, and monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy. Doppler waveforms of 13 patients with normal early pregnancies were also examined for comparison. RESULTS: Of the 355 patients with GTD, 106 had a classic hydatidiform mole (CHM), 33 had a partial hydatidiform mole (PHM), 184 had an invasive hydatidiform mole (IHM), and 32 had choriocarcinoma. Sonography showed abnormal molar tissue confined to the endometrial cavity in all cases of CHM. In cases of IHM and choriocarcinoma, soft tissue invasion and cystic vascular spaces within the myometrium were shown. Cases of PHM had a thickened, hydropic placenta with a concomitant fetus. Doppler waveforms showed resistive indices of 0.55 (SD, 0.06) for CHM, 0.56 (SD, 0.04) for PHM, 0.28 (SD, 0.06) for IHM, 0.25 (SD, 0.05) for choriocarcinoma, and 0.66 (SD, 0.04) for normal pregnancies. The abnormal sonographic and Doppler findings in invasive disease resolved when chemotherapy was successful. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography and Doppler imaging were helpful in diagnosing GTD, in determining whether invasive disease was present, in detecting recurrence of disease, and in following the effectiveness of chemotherapy.