连续性饮食照护对预防和减少产后低钾血症的效果观察

目的:针对产后低钾血症的发病原因,制定连续性饮食照护方案,对孕产妇进行护理干预,预防和减少产后低钾血症,提升产科护理质量。方法:分析产后低钾血症的发病因素,制定连续性饮食照护方案;将300例产妇,随机分为对照组和观察组各150例。对照组予产科常规护理,观察组在产科常规护理的基础上进行连续性饮食照护。分别于入院时和产后2天检测血钾值,计算低钾血症发生率。结果:观察组发生低血钾4例(2.67%),对照组14例(9.33%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于产妇分娩后低钾血症有较高发病率,进行连续性饮食照护,对预防和减少产后低钾血症的发生具有明显的效果。     

红皮病患者低钾血症预后的影响因素分析

<正>机体的血钾参与并维持细胞代谢,保持细胞内液渗透压及酸碱平衡,并可维持神经肌肉组织兴奋及心肌功能~([1-2])。中重度低血钾主要表现为肌无力,可延及机体的躯干和呼吸肌,造成呼吸困难,还可引发腱反射减弱或消失、肠麻痹及心脏传导阻滞、节律异     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of thiazide-induced hyponatraemia: time to reconsider electrolyte monitoring regimens after thiazide initiation?

AIMS

Hyponatraemia is one of the major adverse effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics and the leading cause of drug-induced hyponatraemia requiring hospital admission. We sought to review and analyze all published cases of this important condition.

METHODS

Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PubMed electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant articles published before October 2013. A proportions meta-analysis was undertaken.

RESULTS

One hundred and two articles were identified of which 49 were single patient case reports. Meta-analysis showed that mean age was 75 (95% CI 73, 77) years, 79% were women (95% CI 74, 82) and mean body mass index was 25 (95% CI 20, 30) kg m⁻². Presentation with thiazide-induced hyponatraemia occurred a mean of 19 (95% CI 8, 30) days after starting treatment, with mean trough serum sodium concentration of 116 (95% CI 113, 120) mm and serum potassium of 3.3 (95% CI 3.0, 3.5) mm. Mean urinary sodium concentration was 64 mm (95% CI 47, 81). The most frequently reported drugs were hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide and bendroflumethiazide.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with thiazide-induced hyponatraemia were characterized by advanced age, female gender, inappropriate saliuresis and mild hypokalaemia. Low BMI was not found to be a significant risk factor, despite previous suggestions. The time from thiazide initiation to presentation with hyponatraemia suggests that the recommended practice of performing a single investigation of serum biochemistry 7–14 days after thiazide initiation may be insufficient or suboptimal. Further larger and more systematic studies of thiazide-induced hyponatraemia are required.     

Etiological spectrum of hypokalemic paralysis: A retrospective analysis of 29 patients

Background:

Hypokalemic paralysis is characterized by episodes of acute muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia. In this study, we evaluated the possible etiological factors in patients of hypokalemic paralysis.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed the records of 29 patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of hypokalemic paralysis. Modified Guillain-Barre´ Syndrome disability scale was used to grade the disability.

Results:

In this study, 15 (51.7%) patients had secondary causes of hypokalemic paralysis and 14 patients (42.3%) had idiopathic hypokalemic paralysis. Thyrotoxicosis was present in six patients (20.6%), dengue infection in four patients (13.7%), distal renal tubular acidosis in three patients (10.3%), Gitelman syndrome in one patient (3.4%), and Conn''s syndrome in one patient (3.4%). Preceding history of fever and rapid recovery was seen in dengue infection-induced hypokalemic paralysis. Approximately 62% patients had elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase. All patients had recovered completely following potassium supplementation. Patients with secondary causes were older in age, had significantly more disability, lower serum potassium levels, and took longer time to recover.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, more than half of patients had secondary causes responsible for hypokalemic paralysis. Dengue virus infection was the second leading cause of hypokalemic paralysis, after thyrotoxicosis. Presence of severe disability, severe hypokalemia, and a late disease onset suggested secondary hypokalemic paralysis.     

Acute barium intoxication following ingestion of soap water solution

We present a rare case in which a young girl ingested a solution of a hair-removing soap. The ingestion resulted in profound hypokalemia and severe acidosis leading to flaccid paralysis, respiratory arrest and ventricular arrhythmias. Ultimately the patient made complete recovery. The soapwas found to contain barium sulfide. The degree of paralysis and acidosis appeared to be directly related to serum potassium levels.     

低钾性周期性麻痹41例临床分析

目的提高对低钾性周期性麻痹临床表现的认识,提出治疗及预防措施以及护理建议。方法分析41例周期性麻痹病例的临床表现及辅助检查结果。结果男29例,女12例,年龄17～55岁,平均32.1岁,其中40岁以下30例,占73.2%。发病季节为5～9月份者32例,占78.0%。均表现为不同程度的骨骼肌驰缓性瘫痪,合并感觉障碍8例,伴有甲状腺功能亢进者9例（22.0%）。16例肌酶学指标均有不同程度的升高,有低钾性心电图改变者35例,占85.4%。结论低钾性周期性麻痹的发病以青壮年男性为主。多发于夏秋季节,可有多种诱因存在。急性肌无力为其临床特点,低钾血症、特征性心电图改变有利于确立诊断。部分不典型病例合并有甲亢,血清肌酶升高,以及感觉异常,临床注意与急性脊髓病变,以及格林巴利综合征、肌炎等相鉴别。治疗上主要是快速补钾,以口服为主。注意适当的心理疏导。     

高考应激状态下低钾性麻痹首发的甲亢1例

甲亢为自身免疫性疾病,其发病受心理应激影响.尽管甲亢多发于女性,但女性甲亢患者很少出现低钾性周期性麻痹.本例女患者在高考心理应激状态下,以低钾性麻痹作为甲亢的首发症状,更为少见。     

周期性麻痹发生房室阻滞14例分析

目的探讨周期性麻痹导致房室阻滞的临床和心电图特点。方法回顾性分析我院2002～2005年收治的14例周期性麻痹引起房室阻滞病人的临床资料。结果血清钾均低予正常，平均2．05±0．45mmoL／L，发生二度房室阻滞5例，一度房室阻滞9例，合并其它心律失常者4例。结论周期性麻痹导致房室阻滞与低钾的程度无明显关系，补钾治疗后，心电图恢复正常。