Early postnatal motor experience shapes the motor properties of C57BL/6J adult mice

This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term consequences of early motor training on the muscle phenotype and motor output of middle‐aged C57BL/6J mice. Neonatal mice were subjected to a variety of motor training procedures, for 3 weeks during the period of acquisition of locomotion. These procedures are widely used for motor training in adults; they include enriched environment, forced treadmill, chronic centrifugation, and hindlimb suspension. At 9 months, the mice reared in the enriched environment showed a slower type of fibre in slow muscles and a faster type in fast muscles, improved performance in motor tests, and a modified gait and body posture while walking. The proportion of fibres in the postural muscles of centrifuged mice did not change, but these mice showed improved resistance to fatigue. The suspended mice showed increased persistence of immature hybrid fibres in the tibialis, with a slower shift in the load‐bearing soleus, without any behavioural changes. The forced treadmill was very stressful for the mice, but had limited effects on motor output, although a slower profile was observed in the tibialis. These results support the hypothesis that motor experience during a critical period of motor development shapes muscle phenotype and motor output. The different impacts of the various training procedures suggest that motor performance in adults can be optimized by appropriate training during a defined period of motor development.     

A mild stress due to hypergravity exposure at youngage increases longevity in Drosophila melanogaster males

Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed to hypergravity starting at two days of age, the range of gravity levels used being 2.58–7.38 g. No longevity change was observed for exposures of less than 14 days. The longevity of males increased if they were submitted to hypergravity for durations ranging from 14 to 24 days. This increase in longevity was never observed in females. The positive effect of exposure to hypergravity has been replicated in two laboratories using two wild-type strains and different rearing conditions. A short hypergravity exposure seems to be a mild stress, yielding positive effects on longevity. This is in accordance with two previous studies showing a slight longevity increase after heat shock in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in Drosophila melanogaster.     

Is Lifespan Extension Accompanied by Improved Antioxidant Defences? A Study of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase in Drosophila Melanogaster Flies that Lived in Hypergravity at a Young Age

It has been previously shown that exposing Drosophila melanogaster flies to hypergravity (3g or 5g) at a young age for 2 weeks increases male longevity, resistance to heat in both sexes, and delays behavioural ageing, but the causes of these effects are unknown. We hypothesised that these flies could be well protected against free radical attacks and, if this protection persists after removal from hypergravity, can better resist free radicals and finally live longer than flies that have always lived at 1g. If so, the activity of enzymes detoxifying free radicals superoxide dismutase and catalase should be increased in flies that have lived in hypergravity. Results showed that no effect of hypergravity on the activity of these enzymes was observed at 2, 4 or 6 weeks of age. The greater longevity of male flies that have lived in hypergravity at a young age thus cannot be explained by the activity changes of these major antioxidant enzymes.     

林蛙油冲剂对微波辐射大鼠学习记忆影响

目的 观察林蛙油复方冲剂对超重环境下微波辐射大鼠学习记忆能力影响.方法 制备Wistar大鼠超重环境下微波辐射模型,采用林蛙油冲剂进行干预,连续14 d,Moms水迷宫实验观察学习记忆能力改变,western blot检测大脑皮层热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)表达.结果 与空白对照比较,模型组定位航行潜伏期由(12.03±1.85)s延长至(32.54±5.75)s(P ＜0.05),跨平台次数由(6.45±1.35)次/min减少至(2.16±1.02)次/min(P＜0.05),脑组织HSP70表达明显升高(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,林蛙油冲剂辐射前处理组定位航行潜伏期缩短至(13.88±5.93)s(P＜0.05),跨平台次数增加至(5.91±1.53)次/min(P＜0.05),脑组织HSP70蛋白表达降低(P＜0.05).结论 林蛙油复方冲剂可改善超重环境下微波辐射模型大鼠学习记忆能力,其机制可能与降低大脑皮层组织HSP70表达有关.     

超重和低气压环境下动物微波辐射的实验方法研究

目的 为开展超重、低气压环境和微波辐射等多因素协同对机体影响的研究提供一种动物实验方法.方法 利用大功率微波雷达发射机改装成微波辐射源;自行研制成微波功率密度计测量微波强度;采用离心机模拟超重环境;采用动物低压氧舱改装成低气压环境.结果 对大鼠的死亡时间实验证明,多因素协同作用对机体的影响要大于单因素的影响.结论 该方法适用于两种因素同时作用动物产生影响的实验研究.     

林蛙油对超重微波辐射小鼠免疫因子影响

目的探讨林蛙油为主要成分的保健品对超重微波辐射小鼠血清免疫因子及学习能力影响。方法制作超重微波辐射小鼠模型,用林蛙油为主要成分的保健品进行干预,检测各组小鼠血清白介素10(IL-10)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α);通过避暗实验和跳台实验检测小鼠的学习记忆能力。结果林蛙油组血清中IFN-γ、IL-10、TNF-α水平分别为(4.533±1.544),(4.410±0.813),(4.438±0.818)pg/mL,与模型组的(3.963±0.754),(4.144±0.524),(5.367±1.042)pg/mL比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);各组小鼠训练后避暗和跳台实验的错误潜伏期及次数与训练前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论林蛙油为主要成分的保健品可通过调节免疫因子增强对超重辐射小鼠损伤的保护作用。     

前庭生理功能在适应特殊重力环境中的作用

外周前庭系统能够感受线性加速度(重力和头部倾斜)和旋转运动,并将其转化为神经信号,传递到中枢神经系统从而调节生理功能,其在调节躯体稳定性、眼球运动、自主神经活动、动脉压力、体温、肌肉和骨骼代谢中发挥重要的作用。重力环境可对上述功能产生影响归因于前庭系统的高可塑性。本文综述超重和微重力环境引起的前庭相关生理功能的变化,包括动脉压力、肌肉和骨骼代谢、食物摄入和体温等,旨在更好理解和研究前庭生理功能在适应特殊重力环境中的作用。     

林蛙油保健品对超重辐射大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力的研究

目的 探讨以长白山特产林蛙油为主要成分的保健品对超重辐射大鼠血清抑制羟自由基的能力.方法 大鼠复制超重辐射模型,用林蛙油为主要成分的保健品进行干预,检测各组大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力.结果 超重辐射协同作用,可导致大鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力增强.结论 以林蛙油为主要成分的保健品,可辅助增强超重辐射大鼠血清抑制羟自由基的能力.     

综合减肥疗法的临床疗效观察

目的观察综合减肥疗法对超重/肥胖患者的临床疗效。方法应用综合减肥疗法,包括体质辨识、医学营养治疗、中医食疗、耳穴贴压、中药制剂、有氧运动等综合治疗手段,治疗86例超重/肥胖患者8～12 w,治疗前后对体重、腰围、臀围、体重指数(BMI)等指标进行检测与评价。结果 86例超重/肥胖患者治疗前后自身对照比较,体重、BMI、腰围、臀围数值均有显著降低(p<0.01)。结论综合减肥疗法,对超重/肥胖患者减轻体重疗效显著,值得推荐临床使用。