慢性高原病脑部多体素1H-MRS研究

目的利用多体素氢质子磁共振波谱成像(hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,¹H-MRS)探讨慢性高原病(chronic mountain sickness,CMS)长期缺氧状态下脑部代谢物的特点,并比较各代谢物与血液指标之间的相关性。材料与方法前瞻性纳入青海大学附属医院经临床确诊为CMS的17例男性患者作为实验组,年龄(53.29±9.03)岁,居住海拔(3989.12±937.45)m,血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)(224.35±11.81)g/mL,并招募与实验组年龄及居住海拔相匹配的18名健康男性志愿者作为对照组,年龄(48.61±8.76)岁,居住海拔(3674.94±634.27)m,HGB(156.67±9.46)g/mL。采用Siemens Prisma 3.0 T MR扫描仪20通道头颅线圈对所有受试者行常规头颅MRI及多体素;H-MRS检查,通过Syngo.via后处理软件获得;H-MRS图,ROI选取双侧额叶及海马区,并获得相应脑区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸/肌酸(NAA/Cr)、胆碱/肌酸CHo/Cr、乙酰天门冬氨酸/胆碱(NAA/CHo)、乳酸/肌酸(Lac/Cr)的比值。结合独立样本t检验及非参数曼-惠特尼U检验以比较两组间代谢物相对浓度差异,然后将CMS组双侧额叶及海马区各代谢物比值与血液生化指标作相关性分析。结果(1)两组受试者年龄、长期居住海拔差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而与对照组相比,CMS组HGB、红细胞计数(red blood cell count,RBC)、血细胞比容(hematocrit,HCT)增高,血小板(blood platelet,简称PLT)减低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);(2)与对照组相比,CMS组双侧额叶及海马区NAA/Cr及NAA/CHo均减低(P<0.05),Lac/Cr增高(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义;(3)与对照组相比,CMS组双侧额叶及双侧海马区CHo/Cr均增高(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义;(4)CMS组右侧额叶及左侧海马CHo/Cr与RBC明显正相关,左侧额叶CHo/Cr与HCT低度正相关,右侧额叶及左侧海马Lac/Cr与HCT低度正相关。结论CMS长期缺氧状态下脑组织局部代谢物改变,神经元受损,无氧代谢增加,且这些代谢物的改变与血液指标呈一定的相关性,可为临床后续进一步预防或干预CMS患者脑损害提供影像学证据及监测指标。     

Influence Factors and Prediction Model of Bond Strength of Tunnel Fireproof Coating under Freeze–Thaw Cycles

The freeze–thaw resistant performance of a tunnel fireproof coating (TFC) has an important impact on bonding property and durability. The influence of redispersible emulsion powder, polypropylene fiber and air-entraining agent on TFCs was studied. Transverse fundamental frequency and ultrasonic sound velocity were used to evaluate the damage degree of TFC, and the mechanism was revealed by SEM and pore structure. The results show that the most beneficial effect on bond strength of TFC is redispersible emulsion powder, followed by air-entraining agent, and then polypropylene fiber. After freeze–thaw cycles, the cumulative pore volume of micropores in the TFC increases obviously, while the porosity of macropores does not change significantly. A prediction model was proposed, which can calculate the bond strength from the damage degree of TFC under freeze–thaw cycles. The achievement can promote the application of TFC in cold regions.     

Hydrogen Transportation Behaviour of V–Ni Solid Solution: A First-Principles Investigation

Hydrogen embrittlement causes deterioration of materials used in metal–hydrogen systems. Alloying is a good option for overcoming this issue. In the present work, first-principles calculations were performed to systematically study the effects of adding Ni on the stability, dissolution, trapping, and diffusion behaviour of interstitial/vacancy H atoms of pure V. The results of lattice dynamics and solution energy analyses showed that the V–Ni solid solutions are dynamically and thermodynamically stable, and adding Ni to pure V can reduce the structural stability of various VH_x phases and enhance their resistance to H embrittlement. H atoms preferentially occupy the characteristic tetrahedral interstitial site (TIS) and the octahedral interstitial site (OIS), which are composed by different metal atoms, and rapidly diffuse along both the energetically favourable TIS → TIS and OIS → OIS paths. The trapping energy of monovacancy H atoms revealed that Ni addition could help minimise the H trapping ability of the vacancies and suppress the retention of H in V. Monovacancy defects block the diffusion of H atoms more than the interstitials, as determined from the calculated H-diffusion barrier energy data, whereas Ni doping contributes negligibly toward improving the H-diffusion coefficient.     

生物活性玻璃预处理对牙本质粘接界面耐久性的影响

目的:研究生物活性玻璃(bioactive glass, BG)预处理对维持牙本质粘接界面耐久性的作用。方法:选取30颗无龋坏第三磨牙,去除冠部釉质制备牙本质平面,随机均分对照组、BG组、三偏磷酸钠(sodium trimetaphosphate, STMP)-聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid, PAA)-BG组(S-P-BG组)。各组均使用35%(质量分数)磷酸酸蚀牙本质样本,BG组再使用0.5 g/L BG涂擦酸蚀后的牙本质样本;S-P-BG组先使用5%(质量分数)STMP、5%(质量分数)PAA浸泡酸蚀后的牙本质样本1 min,再使用0.5 g/L BG涂擦牙本质样本。各组样本使用3M Single Bond 2粘接剂及3M Z350XT复合树脂粘接,并制备微拉伸柱状样本,每颗牙的柱状样本按时间随机分为24 h、1个月、3个月组。各组样本保存在37 ℃人工唾液(artificial saliva, AS)中相应时间后,进行微拉伸粘接强度测试,并使用单因素方差分析及LSD法进行统计学分析,扫描电镜下观察粘接断裂界面形貌。另选取27颗无龋坏第三磨牙制备牙本质平面,随机分为对照组、BG组、S-P-BG组,并按上述分组处理牙本质样本,再使用含0.1%(质量分数)罗丹明B的3M Single Bond 2粘接剂完成粘接。去除样本牙根暴露髓腔,并保存在 37 ℃ AS中24 h、1个月、3个月后,髓腔内放置0.1(质量分数)荧光素钠溶液染色1 h,激光共聚焦显微镜观察粘接界面形态及混合层微渗漏。结果:AS中浸泡24 h、1个月后,3组微拉伸粘接强度间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);浸泡3个月后,S-P-BG组微拉伸粘接强度为(36.91±7.07) MPa,高于对照组粘接强度(32.73±8.06) MPa,且差异有统计学意义(P=0.026);对照组、BG组3个月的微拉伸粘接强度较24 h呈下降趋势,且差异有统计学意义(对照组P=0.017,BG组P=0.01);S-P-BG组3个月微拉伸粘接强度较24 h粘接强度[(37.99±7.98) MPa]下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。扫描电镜观察24 h粘接断裂面,3组均未见明显矿化;1个月、3个月后,BG组、S-P-BG组的粘接界面可见矿物质形成,S-P-BG组无明显胶原暴露。激光共聚焦显微镜观察对照组、BG组与S-P-BG组树脂突形成的形态及数量无明显差异;3组样本粘接24 h后粘接界面混合层均有渗漏,3个月后对照组微渗漏增加,BG组和S-P-BG组混合层微渗漏减少。结论:BG预处理牙本质粘接界面能够在粘接界面形成矿物质,减少粘接混合层微渗漏;STMP、PAA 与BG共同预处理牙本质粘接界面,可能在一定程度上维持牙本质粘接修复的耐久性。     

Protective Effects of a Hydrogen-Rich Preservation Solution in a Canine Lung Transplantation Model

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AQP3-mediated H2O2 uptake inhibits LUAD autophagy by inactivating PTEN

It is widely accepted that redox reprogramming participates in malignant transformation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the source of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the downstream signaling regulatory mechanism are complicated and unintelligible. In the current study, we newly identified the aquaporin 3 (AQP3) as a LUAD oncogenic factor with capacity to transport exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and increase intracellular ROS levels. Subsequently, we demonstrated that AQP3 was necessary for the facilitated diffusion of exogenous H₂O₂ in LUAD cells and that the AQP3-dependent transport of H₂O₂ accelerated cell growth and inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy. Mechanistically, AQP3-mediated H₂O₂ uptake increased intracellular ROS levels to inactivate PTEN and activate the AKT/mTOR pathway to subsequently inhibit autophagy and promote proliferation in LUAD cells. Finally, we suggested that AQP3 depletion retarded subcutaneous tumorigenesis in vivo and simultaneously decreased ROS levels and promoted autophagy. These findings underscore the importance of AQP3-induced oxidative stress in malignant transformation and suggest a therapeutic target for LUAD.     

蜘蛛香环烯醚萜部位干预CUMS致抑郁小鼠脑组织的1H-NMR代谢组学分析

目的:利用代谢组学技术分析慢性温和不可预知应激(CUMS)抑郁模型小鼠脑组织样本,寻找与抑郁相关的差异代谢物,探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜部位(IEFV)可能的抗抑郁作用机制。方法:42只昆明小鼠随机分为6组,包括正常组,模型组,氟西汀组(2.5 mg·kg-1),IEFV低、中、高剂量组(给药剂量分别为5.73,11.47,22.94 mg·kg-1)。采用CUMS对小鼠造模,以IEFV及阳性药(氟西汀)为干预药物,用行为指标和生化指标进行药效学评价。采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)代谢组学技术分析IEFV对CUMS抑郁模型小鼠脑组织中内源性物质的影响,结合多变量统计分析方法来确认差异代谢物,并对差异代谢物参与的代谢通路进行富集。结果:造模后,小鼠的不动时间大幅度提高、蔗糖偏好率明显下降,兴奋性神经递质5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素显著下降,表明造模成功。给予IEFV和氟西汀后,小鼠不动时间、蔗糖偏好率和兴奋性神经递质向正常水平回调,提示给药后抑郁状态得到了一定程度的缓解。脑组织中内源性代谢物主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,模型组可与正常组明显分开,同时IEFV低、中、高剂量组和氟西汀组均显示有偏离模型组向正常组靠拢的趋势,与行为学结果一致。模型组与正常组进行正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)得到了16个变化显著的差异代谢物,包括12个水溶性差异代谢物和4个脂溶性差异代谢物。通过MetPA数据库分析得到7条潜在靶标代谢通路,包括三羧酸循环(TCA),牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸的代谢,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢等。IEFV高剂量组可显著回调11种差异代谢物。结论:IEFV可能主要通过影响能量代谢,氨基酸代谢和神经递质水平发挥抗抑郁作用,可为IEFV抗抑郁作用机制的深入研究提供参考依据。     

Study of Silica‐Supported Chromocene Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has drawn great interest from researchers because it possesses many excellent properties such as superb strength and impact resistance, which other polyolefin cannot achieve. A silica‐supported chromocene catalyst, for the production of UHMWPE, is successfully developed. The polyethylene (PE) produced by the chromocene catalyst can achieve a molecular weight (MW) of over 3 × 10⁶ g mol^?1 with narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) a value of approximately three. The activity calculated by Cr per unit reaches the maximum when the loading of Cr is 1.7 wt%. With the increasing loading of chromocene, the MW shows a small increase and the MWD becomes narrower. The chromocene catalyst for ethylene polymerization also shows a significant hydrogen response. With 0.01 MPa hydrogen added into the ethylene polymerization, the MW of the PE decreases immensely to only 0.7 × 10⁶ g mol^?1 and the MWD is broadened from <3 to ≈12. If the amount of hydrogen increases, the MW continues to decrease and the MWD becomes wider. The MW of the PE produced by the chromocene catalyst can be regulated easily by adjusting the amount of hydrogen.