靶向MLL1-WDR5蛋白-蛋白相互作用抑制剂的研究进展

Mixed lineage leukemia 1(MLL1)是组蛋白甲基转移酶SET家族的成员之一。MLL1与WDR5、RbBP5、Ash2L和DPY-30组成MLL1甲基转移酶复合物调控组蛋白H3的第4位赖氨酸的甲基化水平，对造血系统的发育和血细胞的更新至关重要。部分白血病患者体内存在因MLL1基因易位而产生的致癌蛋白——MLL1融合蛋白，MLL1融合蛋白在发挥其致癌作用时需要功能完整的MLL1酶复合物，故靶向MLL1-WDR5的蛋白-蛋白相互作用成为治疗MLL1融合型白血病的潜在策略。本文对MLL1-WDR5蛋白-蛋白相互作用的生物学机制、结构信息以及抑制剂进行了系统的总结，并结合已报道数据对该领域进行了展望，以期为后续研究提供参考。     

多发性骨髓瘤中表观遗传学修饰的研究进展北大核心

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是一种病因不明,目前仍无法治愈的恶性血液系统性疾病。研究显示MM是一种复杂的表观遗传学修饰所驱动的恶性肿瘤,表观遗传学修饰是改变MM发病进展的重要机制,并影响治疗及预后。本文将对表观遗传学异常调控在MM的发生发展过程中的作用及相关耐药机制和治疗的现状进行综述。     

Dual-target inhibitors of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) in cancer therapy: Current situation and future directions

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is emerging as a therapeutic target that acts synergistically with other targets of small-molecule drugs in cancer. Therefore, the discovery of potential new dual-target inhibitors of BRD4 may be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight a series of strategies to design therapeutic dual-target inhibitors of BRD4 that focus on the synergistic functions of this protein. Drug combinations that exploit synthetic lethality, protein–protein interactions, functional complementarity, and blocking of resistance mechanisms could ultimately overcome the barriers inherent to the development of BRD4 inhibitors as future cancer drugs.     

The key role of macrophage depolarization in the treatment of COPD with ergosterol both in vitro and in vivo

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung, which play an important role in COPD. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation of ergosterol are well documented. However, the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization has not been studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization in CSE-induced RAW264.7 cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats COPD model. Our results demonstrate that CSE-induced macrophages tend to the M1 polarization via increasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as increasing MMP-9 to destroy the lung construction in both RAW264.7 cells and SD rats. However, treatment of RAW264.7 cells and SD rats with ergosterol inhibited CSE-induced inflammatory by decreasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, and increasing IL-10 and TGF-β, shuffling the dynamic polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 both in vitro and in vivo. Ergosterol also decreased the expression of M1 marker CD40, while increased that of M2 marker CD163. Moreover, ergosterol improved the lung characters in rats by decreasing MMP-9. Furthermore, ergosterol elevated HDAC3 activation and suppressed P300/CBP and PCAF activation as well as acetyl NF-κB/p65 and IKKβ, demonstrating that HDAC3 deacetylation was involved in the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization. These results also provide a proof in immunoregulation of ergosterol for therapeutic effects of cultured C. sinensis on COPD patients.     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA对食管癌细胞ncRNA/mRNA表达谱的影响

目的:分析组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA处理前后,食管癌细胞株EC109中差异表达的非编码RNA(ncRNA)和mRNA表达谱,初步预测与TSA作用相关的ncRNA和mRNA。方法:采用MTT、细胞周期等方法检测TSA的效应;运用应用芯片技术分别检测TSA处理前后EC109细胞中ncRNA和mRNA表达谱变化,并对差异ncRNA和mRNA表达谱进行整合分析。结果:TSA以剂量时间依赖方式抑制细胞增殖,细胞周期阻滞和凋亡的发生。芯片检测共发现461个ncRNA和758个mRNA显著性差异表达,生物信息学分析显示差异涉及红比霉素、阿霉素代谢过程、氧化还原、核小体的装配、染色质结构组织和端粒的结构组织等。通过数据库分析预测及整合分析,得到了361个ncRNA-mRNA靶基因对。结论:差异表达的ncRNA和mRNA对TSA的生物学效应密切关联,为进一步研究基因功能及其在肿瘤中的生物学意义奠定基础。     

Zinc deficiency leads to reduced interleukin-2 production by active gene silencing due to enhanced CREMα expression in T cells

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表观遗传调控与青光眼发病机制研究进展

表观遗传学主要机制包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNAs等。这些机制将环境与基因相联系，在基因的特异性表达过程中发挥重要作用，影响疾病的表型。青光眼是全球第一大不可逆致盲眼病，其发病机制复杂，受遗传和环境的共同影响。本文分别对DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNAs参与青光眼发病的机制进行综述，以期为临床诊治提供参考。     

A genome wide association study identifies new genes potentially associated with eyelid sagging

Sagging eyelid is considered as an outward of skin ageing and may cause medical issues. However, little is known about the factors involved in sagging eyelid. The study, which aims at determining genetic risk factors for eyelid sagging, was conducted in a cohort of 502 unrelated Caucasian women living in the Paris region. All included participants were aged between 44 and 70 years old (mean age, 57.6 years old). The severity of sagging eyelid was graded in 6 categories by a dermatologist using standardized photographs of the face. A genome wide association study adjusted on potential risk factors (including age and smoking habits) was conducted to identify genetic associations. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in total linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 10, rs16927253 (P = 7.07 × 10^‐10) and rs4746957 (P = 1.06 × 10^‐8), were significantly associated with eyelid sagging severity. The rs16927253‐T and rs4746957‐A alleles showed a dominant protective effect towards eyelid sagging. These polymorphisms are located in intronic parts of the H2AFY2 gene which encodes a member of the H2A histone family and very close to the AIFM2 gene that induces apoptosis. Additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms with a false discovery rate below 0.25 were located nearby the type XIII collagen COL13A1 gene on chromosome 10 and in the ADAMTS18 gene on chromosome 16. Several relevant genes were identified by the genome wide association study for their potential role in the sagging eyelid severity.     

HDAC1和CDK1在结肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶1（histone deacetylase 1,HDAC1）和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1（cyclin-dependent kinase 1,CDK1）在结肠癌组织中的表达水平及其与患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:收集2012年2月至2013年6月在本院普外科进行手术切除的51例结肠癌患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁非肿瘤组织，采用qRT-PCR法检测组织中HDAC1和CDK1 mRNA相对表达量，采用免疫组织化学染色法检测HDAC1和CDK1蛋白阳性表达率，分析肿瘤组织中HDAC1和CDK1表达的相关性及其与患者肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移等临床病理特征的关系，采用Kaplan-Meier生存函数分析HDAC1和CDK1不同表达情况与患者5年总生存率的关系。结果:肿瘤组织中HDAC1和CDK1 mRNA表达水平和蛋白阳性表达率均高于癌旁非肿瘤组织（P＜0.05）；肿瘤组织中HDAC1表达水平与CDK1表达水平呈显著正相关（P=0.012）；肿瘤组织中HDAC1表达与患者肿瘤直径和组织分化程度有关（P＜0.05），CDK1与肿瘤直径、TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关（P＜0.05）；HDAC1、CDK1阳性表达患者5年总生存率均低于其相应阴性表达患者（P＜0.05），HDAC1和CDK1共阳性表达患者5年总生存率低于HDAC1和（或）CDK1阴性患者（P＜0.05）。结论:HDAC1和CDK1在结肠癌组织中高表达，与患者不良预后有关且两者呈正相关，推测两者在促进结肠癌进展中可能存在协同作用。