南京某国际高中学生艾滋病知识知晓率及影响因素分析

目的 分析南京市某国际高中学生艾滋病知识知晓率及其影响因素,为制定高中生艾滋病健康教育策略提供依据。方法 对南京市某国际高中所有学生开展纸质问卷调查,统计分析艾滋病知识知晓率及其影响因素。 共纳入171名高中生为调查对象,艾滋病和梅毒的知识知晓率分别为56.1%和46.8%;有过性行为的占14.6%,其艾滋病知识知晓率最高为32.0%,(χ2=10.799,P=0.005);有吸毒史的学生占9.3%,其艾滋病知识知晓率最高为31.2%,(χ2=21.062,P<0.001);梅毒知识知晓者与不知晓者的艾滋病知识知晓率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=21.716,P<0.001)。 该国际高中学生性病和艾滋病知识知晓率较低,对高中生开展毒品危害教育和性病艾滋病防治应作为健康教育工作重点。     

A High Order Bound Preserving Finite Difference Linear Scheme for Incompressible Flows

We propose a high order finite difference linear scheme combined with a high order bound preserving maximum-principle-preserving (MPP) flux limiter to solve the incompressible flow system. For such problem with highly oscillatory structure but not strong shocks, our approach seems to be less dissipative and much less costly than a WENO type scheme, and has high resolution due to a Hermite reconstruction. Spurious numerical oscillations can be controlled by the weak MPP flux limiter. Numerical tests are performed for the Vlasov-Poisson system, the 2D guiding-center model and the incompressible Euler system. The comparison between the linear and WENO type schemes, with and without the MPP flux limiter, will demonstrate the good performance of our proposed approach.     

Tumor-associated high endothelial venules mediate lymphocyte entry into tumors and predict response to PD-1 plus CTLA-4 combination immunotherapy

1. Download : Download high-res image (268KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Clinical observation of vitrectomy combined with endolaser photocoagulation at the edge of posterior scleral staphyloma for macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia

AIM: To observe the clinical effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil filling surgery combined with intraoperative posterior scleral staphyloma (PS) marginal retinal photocoagulation in the treatment of high myopic macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) with PS. METHODS: This was a retrospective clinical study. From May 2017 to March 2020, 62 MHRD patients with PS (62 eyes) were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 23G PPV combined with PS marginal retina intraoperative photocoagulation group (combined group) and conventional surgery group (conventional group), with 31 eyes in each. Triamcinolone acetonide and indocyanine green were used to remove the epiretinal membrane and the posterior macular inner limiting membrane (ILM). In the combined group, 2 to 3 rows of retinal photocoagulation were performed on the edge of the PS. The patients were followed up for an average of 8.34±3.21mo. The first retinal reattachment rate, macular hole closure rate, Duration of silicone oil tamponade, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and average number of operations were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The first retinal reattachment rates of the eyes in the combined group and the conventional group were 96.7% (29/31) and 67.7% (21/31), respectively (χ2=6.613, P=0.010). The macular hole closure rates in the combined group and the conventional group were 74.2% (23/31) and 67.7% (21/31), respectively (χ2=0.128, P=0.721). The Duration of silicone oil tamponade of the patients in the combined group was lower than that of the routine group (t=-41.962, P≤0.001). Postoperative logMAR BCVA values of patients in the combined group and the conventional group were 1.27±0.12 and 1.26±0.11, compared with the logMAR BCVA before surgery, each group was improved (t=19.947, t=-19.517, P≤0.001, P≤0.001). There was no significant difference in the logMAR BCVA between the eyes of the two groups (t=-0.394, P=0.695). The average numbers of operations on the eyes in the conventional group and the combined group were 2.39±0.62 and 2.06±0.25 times, the combined group had fewer operations on average (t=-2.705, P=0.009). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative PPV treatment of MHRD with PS combined with PS marginal endolaser photocoagulation can effectively increase the rate of retinal reattachment after the first operation, reduce the number of repeated operations, and reduce the postoperative duration of silicone oil tamponade.     

Enlarged high frequency oscillations of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ObjectiveA large N20 and P25 of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) predicts short survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated whether high frequency oscillations (HFOs) over N20 are enlarged and associated with survival in ALS.MethodsA total of 145 patients with ALS and 57 healthy subjects were studied. We recorded the median nerve SEP and measured the onset-to-peak amplitude of N20 (N20o-p), and peak-to-peak amplitude between N20 and P25 (N20p-P25p). We obtained early and late HFO potentials by filtering SEP between 500 and 1 kHz, and measured the peak-to-peak amplitude. We followed up patients until endpoints (death or tracheostomy) and analyzed the relationship between SEP or HFO amplitudes and survival using a Cox analysis.ResultsPatients showed larger N20o-p, N20p-P25p, and early and late HFO amplitudes than the control values. N20p-P25p was associated with survival periods (p = 0.0004), while early and late HFO amplitudes showed no significant association with survival (p = 0.4307, and p = 0.6858, respectively).ConclusionsThe HFO amplitude in ALS is increased, but does not predict survival.SignificanceThe enlarged HFOs in ALS might be a compensatory phenomenon to the hyperexcitability of the sensory cortex pyramidal neurons.     

Contribution of different somatosensory afferent input to subcortical somatosensory evoked potentials in humans

ObjectivesTo investigate the subcortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to electrical stimulation of either muscle or cutaneous afferents.MethodsSEPs were recorded in 6 patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD) who underwent electrode implantation in the pedunculopontine (PPTg) nucleus area. We compared SEPs recorded from the scalp and from the intracranial electrode contacts to electrical stimuli applied to: 1) median nerve at the wrist, 2) abductor pollicis brevis motor point, and 3) distal phalanx of the thumb. Also the high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) were analysed.ResultsAfter median nerve and pure cutaneous (distant phalanx of the thumb) stimulation, a P1-N1 complex was recorded by the intracranial lead, while the scalp electrodes recorded the short-latency far-field responses (P14 and N18). On the contrary, motor point stimulation did not evoke any low-frequency component in the PPTg traces, nor the N18 potential on the scalp. HFOs were recorded to stimulation of all modalities by the PPTg electrode contacts.ConclusionsStimulus processing within the cuneate nucleus depends on modality, since only the cutaneous input activates the complex intranuclear network possibly generating the scalp N18 potential.SignificanceOur results shed light on the subcortical processing of the somatosensory input of different modalities.     

Efficacy of recombinant Marek’s disease virus vectored vaccines with computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin insert against genetically diverse H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

The genetic and antigenic drift associated with the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of Goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage and the emergence of vaccine-resistant field viruses underscores the need for a broadly protective H5 influenza A vaccine. Here, we tested experimental vector herpesvirus of turkey (vHVT)-H5 vaccines containing either wild-type clade 2.3.4.4A-derived H5 inserts or computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) inserts with challenge by homologous and genetically divergent H5 HPAI Gs/GD lineage viruses in chickens. Direct assessment of protection was confirmed for all the tested constructs, which provided clinical protection against the homologous and heterologous H5 HPAI Gs/GD challenge viruses and significantly decreased oropharyngeal shedding titers compared to the sham vaccine. The cross reactivity was assessed by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and focus reduction assay against a panel of phylogenetically and antigenically diverse H5 strains. The COBRA-derived H5 inserts elicited antibody responses against antigenically diverse strains, while the wild-type-derived H5 vaccines elicited protection mostly against close antigenically related clades 2.3.4.4A and 2.3.4.4D viruses. In conclusion, the HVT vector, a widely used replicating vaccine platform in poultry, with H5 insert provides clinical protection and significant reduction of viral shedding against homologous and heterologous challenge. In addition, the COBRA-derived inserts have the potential to be used against antigenically distinct co-circulating viruses and future drift variants.     

高强度聚焦超声联合甲氨蝶呤在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果分析

目的 探究采用高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果。方法 选择2018年5月—2019年5月在本院接受宫腔镜治疗的108例瘢痕子宫妊娠患者,依据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组各54例。对照组使用HIFU预处理,研究组则使用HIFU联合MTX的方式预处理,处理后两组均行宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术。通过随访分析比较两组的治疗效果及妊娠结局。结果 研究组术后7 d血清β-HCG水平为(28 598.38±2 176.52)U/L,低于对照组的(32 423.13±2 734.65)U/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.042,P<0.001);研究组血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间、住院时间分别为(21.33±3.78)d、(28.21±3.83)d、(6.53±2.12)d,分别短于对照组的(26.72±4.83)d、(33.82±4.91)d、(9.53±2.67)d,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.458、6.620、6.466,P均<0.001)。两组均随访≥24个月,宫内妊娠、未孕、流产、再次瘢痕子宫妊娠、异位妊娠比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.895,P>0.05);宫内妊娠中足月分娩与早产比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.131,P>0.05),研究组并发症发生率为22.58%,低于对照组的37.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.296,P=0.021)。结论 在宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术治疗瘢痕子宫妊娠前使用HIFU联合MTX预处理的效果优于单一使用HIFU预处理,可明显缩短患者血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间与住院时间,但对女性的妊娠结局无影响,妇产科临床治疗前可结合患者需求择取最合适的预处理方案。