利用血液透析开展血液灌流治疗皮肤瘙痒的疗效观察

目的:观察利用血液透析开展血液灌流治疗皮肤瘙痒的疗效。方法:选择2013年1月~2018年12月本院肾内科接收的66例老年慢性肾衰竭皮肤瘙痒患者,以血液透析时机作为分组标准,分为观察组和对照组,观察组每两周进行1次血液灌流+6次血液透析。对照组每周进行3次血液透析。比较两组患者的比较治疗前和治疗后的血肌酐、血尿素氮、血磷和治疗疗效。结果:①与治疗前对比,两组患者治疗后血肌酐水平、血尿素氮水平、血磷水平明显下降,APACHE-Ⅱ评分明显减少,数据差异存在统计学意义,P<0.05。和对照组对比,观察组治疗后血肌酐水平、血尿素氮水平、血磷水平明显更低,APACHE-Ⅱ评分明显更少,数据差异存在统计学意义,P<0.05。②观察组治疗疗效明显高于对照组,数据差异存在统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:HP+HD能够有效地改善维持性血透患者的皮肤瘙痒症状,解除患者的痛苦,提高尿毒症患者的生活质量。     

不同透析方式对维持血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响

目的研究维持血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者在不同血液透析方式中,尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)、白细胞介素1(interleukin-1,IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)及降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)的浓度变化,了解透析方式对维持血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响。方法选择内蒙古兴安盟人民医院60例MHD患者,男34例,女26例,年龄18~75岁。按透析方式将60例患者分为2组。高通量血液透析(high-flux hemodialysis,HFHD)组32例,使用Fx80聚砜膜进入HFHD;血液灌流(hemoperfusion,HP)联合血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)组28例,使用F6聚砜膜进入HP+HD。在所有患者均接受透析治疗6个月后分别采集2组患者血样检测BUN、SCr、β2-MG、Alb、IL-1、IL-6、CRP及PCT水平,采用方差分析进行比较。结果 2组的年龄、性别、透析龄比较,无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。高通量血液透析与血液灌流联合血液透析比较,BUN、SCr、、Alb水平差异性无统计学意义(P0.05);IL-1、IL-6、CRP、PCT、β2-MG水平比较差异性均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高通量血液透析较血液灌流联合血液透析患者,更好的改善微炎症状态,提高生存质量,而且不会明显增加患者的经济负担。     

经颅多普勒超声评价脑血流状况的价值——与核素脑血流灌注断层显像的比较

本文２５例，行ＴＣＤ及脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像对比研究。两者均可用于间接评价轻度脑供血减少。ＴＣＤ直接显示脑动脉的主干，对头晕、头痛患者脑血管舒缩状况及脑供血改变评价较好。脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像评价核素在脑组织中的分布，与小动脉关系密切，对组织水平供血状况了解较好。ＴＣＤ受侧枝循环影响小，ＳＰＥＣＴ受影响大。ＴＣＤ对动静脉畸形有特异性，ＳＰＥＣＴ却没有。ＴＣＤ受骨窗限制，ＳＰＥＣＴ不受限制。对轻度脑供血不足，ＴＣＤ假阳性率可能较高，ＳＰＥＣＴ假阴性率可能较高，两者在评价脑血流灌注方面呈互补关系。     

Sustained Low-Efficiency Daily Diafiltration with Hemoperfusion as a Therapy for Severe Star Fruit Intoxication: A Report of Two Cases

Abstract

Over the past decade, star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) intoxication decreased in the Taiwanese society due to improved public education on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various complications including hiccups, altered levels of consciousness, coma, and seizures have been reported in individuals with renal failure who ingested fresh star fruit or star fruit juice. A high mortality rate (from 33 to 80%) was observed in patients with altered levels of consciousness, despite prompt dialysis and supportive care. According to previous case reports, the proposed treatment of choice for severe star fruit intoxication may be continuous renal replacement therapy with or without hemoperfusion. We report two cases of star fruit intoxication with stage V CKD (one case is predialysis) presenting with coma and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The two patients were treated with sustained low-efficiency daily diafiltration (SLEDD-f) and charcoal hemoperfusion. Status epilepticus was controlled fairly quickly after treatment with SLEDD-f and hemoperfusion. However, the outcomes in this report are still poor (both remained comatose; one of two patients died). Currently, there are no data for the use of SLEDD-f with hemoperfusion for severe star fruit intoxication. SLEDD-f with charcoal hemoperfusion may play a role in managing refractory status epilepticus in patients with severe star fruit poisoning.     

A Comparative Study of Direct Hemoperfusion and Hemodialysis for the Removal of Glufosinate Ammonium

Abstract

BASTA® is a herbicide containing glufosinate ammonium 18.5% and a surface-active agent. There were six fatalities in 34 cases of glufosinate ammonium poisoning reported by the Japan Poison Information Center. To evaluate efficacy in the removal of glufosinate ammonium from the blood, two bottles were prepared containing 600 mL of heparinized bovine blood with 1 mL or 3 mL of BASTA. Direct hemoperfusion or hemodialysis was performed for two hours at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. The final glufosinate ammonium concentration of the blood bottle containing 1 mL of BASTA decreased to 96.9% of the initial concentration after direct hemoperfusion and to 0.5% after hemodialysis. The final glufosinate ammonium concentration of the bottle containing 3 mL of BASTA decreased to 62.2% after direct hemoperfusion and to 0.9% after hemodialysis. Hemodialysis is more effective than direct hemoperfusion for removal of glufosinate ammonium from blood.     

血液灌流联合机械通气治疗危重型有机磷中毒患者的临床观察

目的探讨血液灌流联合机械通气治疗危重型有机磷中毒患者的临床疗效。方法采用随机抽样将41例危重型有机磷中毒患者分为对照组和观察组，前者采用常规的方法，后者在常规治疗的基础上采用血液灌流（HP）及机械通气（MV）治疗。结果观察组比对照组昏迷和住院时间均显著缩短，治愈率升高，病死率下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论血液灌流联合机械通气治疗危重型有机磷中毒较常规方法更有效。     

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ACUTE DAPSONE INTOXICATION USING CHARCOAL HEMOPERFUSION

Abstract: A 22 year old female was admitted to hospital two hours after ingesting 4 g of dapsone. Over the next 15 h she developed progressive hemolysis and methemoglobinemia. Charcoal hemoper-fusion and sequential dialysis were performed because of the serious risk of fatality following such a massive dose of dapsone. Charcoal hemoperfusion led to rapid clearing of dapsone from the circulation. This resulted in clinical improvement and controlled the progression of hemolysis and methemoglobinemia.     

血液灌流串联血液透析治疗尿毒症皮肤瘙痒30例分析

目的探讨血液透析串联血液灌流对维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒的治疗和护理效果。方法血液透析+血液灌流30例,治疗前后观察钙、磷、微球蛋白、甲状旁腺激素的变化以及皮肤瘙痒缓解情况。结果血液透析+血液灌流患者的缓解率为64%,治疗后磷、微球蛋白、甲状旁腺激素有明显下降。结论血液透析+血液灌流能够有效改善维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒症状,提高患者的生活质量。