经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺癌根治术的临床实践及与开放性手术比较

目的 经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺癌根治术的临床实践及与开放性手术进行比较。方法 回顾性收集并比较分析自2019年3月至2019年12月中国科学院大学宁波华美医院甲状腺外科行经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺切除术和传统开放性甲状腺切除术的甲状腺肿瘤患者各45例临床资料（行经传统开放术式患者样本量较大,随机抽样选择45例）,比较分析两组在性别、年龄、BMI、病理类型,清扫淋巴结数量以及手术时长,术后引流量,术后出现相关并发症,远期预后等指标。结果 两种术式患者术前术后相关临床资料无明显统计学差异,术中指标如出血量,淋巴清扫方面两组亦无统计学差异,但术中手术时间较开放组延长（P<0.05）,手术费用较开放组更多,住院时长较开放组更短。结论 选择合适的患者,行经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺癌根治术安全可行,在美容效果上有优势。     

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of adenoviral and subunit RSV vaccines based on stabilized prefusion F protein in pre-clinical models

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of severe respiratory disease for which no licensed vaccine is available. We have previously described the derivation of an RSV Fusion protein (F) stabilized in its prefusion conformation (preF) as vaccine immunogen and demonstrated superior immunogenicity in naive mice of preF versus wild type RSV F protein, both as protein and when expressed from an Ad26 vaccine vector. Here we address the question if there are qualitative differences between the two vaccine platforms for induction of protective immunity. In naïve mice, both Ad26.RSV.preF and preF protein induced humoral responses, whereas cellular responses were only elicited by Ad26.RSV.preF. In RSV pre-exposed mice, a single dose of either vaccine induced cellular responses and strong humoral responses. Ad26-induced RSV-specific cellular immune responses were detected systemically and locally in the lungs. Both vaccines showed protective efficacy in the cotton rat model, but Ad26.RSV.preF conferred protection at lower virus neutralizing titers in comparison to RSV preF protein. Factors that may contribute to the protective capacity of Ad26.RSV.preF elicited immunity are the induced IgG2a antibodies that are able to engage Fcγ receptors mediating Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC), and the induction of systemic and lung resident RSV specific CD8 + T cells. These data demonstrate qualitative improvement of immune responses elicited by an adenoviral vector based vaccine encoding the RSV preF antigen compared to the subunit vaccine in small animal models which may inform RSV vaccine development.     

贺氏火针治疗下肢浅静脉曲张的临证体会

下肢浅静脉曲张多为大隐静脉及其属支病变，属于中医"筋瘤"范畴。贺氏火针治疗下肢浅静脉曲张疗效确切，能显著提高患者生活质量。文章认为足厥阴肝经的循行路线和大隐静脉的走向大体一致，虚、寒、湿相互作用则导致肝经"气滞"，从而引起筋脉（大隐静脉）瘀阻不通。临证时发现贺氏火针治疗下肢浅静脉曲张是通过温热刺激、刺络放血、火针针具及针刺深度4个方面共同达到行气散结、益阳补虚、温经散寒、启脉排瘀的目的，但使用不同规格的贺氏火针针具和针刺深度不同，对本病的疗效有一定程度的影响。     

Genetic and epigenetic alterations of the EGFR and mutually independent association with BRCA1, MGMT,and RASSF1A methylations in Vietnamese lung adenocarcinomas

Genetic and epigenetic alterations importantly contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. In the study, we measured the frequency and distribution of molecular abnormalities of EGFR as well as the aberrant promoter methylations of BRCA1, MGMT, MLH1, and RASSF1A in Vietnamese lung adenocarcinomas. We investigated the association between genetic and epigenetic alteration, and between each abnormality with clinicopathologic parameters. Somatic EGFR mutation that was found in 49/139 (35.3%) lung adenocarcinomas showed a significant association with young age, female gender, and non-smokers. EGFR overexpression was identified in 82 tumors (59.0%) and statistical relationships with EGFR or BRCA1 methylation but not EGFR mutation. In addition, EGFR, BRCA1, MGMT, MLH1, and RASSF1A methylations were found in 33 (23.7%), 41 (29.5%), 46 (33.1%), 28 (20.1%), and 41 (29.5%) cases of a total of 139 lung adenocarcinomas, respectively. The RASSF1A methylation was found to be linked to the smoking habit. Methylations in MGMT and RASSF1A were also found to correlate with metastasis status. Furthermore, the distribution of EGFR mutation and that of BRCA1, MGMT or RASSF1A methylation were significantly exclusive in lung adenocarcinomas. The main finding of our study demonstrate that epigenetic abnormalities might play a critical role for the lung tumorigenesis in patients with smoking history and metastasis, and partly affect the predictive value of EGFR mutations through blocking expression due to promoter EGFR hypermethylation. Mutually exclusive distribution of genetic and epigenetic alterations reflects differently biological characteristics in the etiology of lung adenocarcinomas.     

甘肃地区乳腺癌患者的CYP2D6基因多态性及代谢表型特征分析

目的:分析乳腺癌患者的CYP2D6基因多态性和代谢表型，为乳腺癌患者进行他莫西芬（TAM）个体化临床治疗提供参考依据。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年1月于我院乳腺科确诊的170例乳腺癌患者外周血，通过Sanger测序技术对CYP2D6基因的9个外显子进行全面具体分析。结果:本研究主要发现有5个CYP2D6等位基因变异位点:CYP2D6*10、CYP2D6*4、CYP2D6*7、CYP2D6*41和CYP2D6*5，其对应的发生频率分别为66.5%、5.9%、2.4%、0.6%和0.6%；其中，CYP2D6*10/*10基因型在乳腺癌患者中占据主导地位，发生频率为60.6%。结论:中国甘肃地区乳腺癌患者，多以CYP2D6*10等位基因、CYP2D6*10/*10基因型、TAM中间代谢型为主，这可为乳腺癌患者选择相应的个体化药物治疗方案以及本地区乳腺癌患者今后大规模的药物遗传基因组学研究提供参考数据。     

东北苦菜UPLC指纹图谱建立及化学模式识别

目的建立东北苦菜Ixeris vesicolor DC.UPLC指纹图谱,并进行化学模式识别。方法东北苦菜甲醇提取物的分析采用CORTECS C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.6μm);流动相0.1%磷酸水⁃乙腈,梯度洗脱;体积流量0.1 mL/min;检测波长(1~15 min,327 nm;15~50 min,360 nm);柱温35℃;进样量2μL。采用相似度分析和化学模式识别技术相结合的方法对其进行质量评价。结果10批样品指纹图谱中有19个共有峰,相似度均大于0.953。通过聚类分析将样品分成2类,主成分分析结果支持聚类分析结果,采用正交偏最小二乘法⁃判别分析筛选出了导致不同批次药材质量差异的3个共有峰,指认出2号峰(绿原酸)和12号峰(木犀草素)。结论该方法稳定可靠,可系统、全面地评价东北苦菜的药材质量。     

川芎-天麻配伍对川芎中2种成分在大鼠脑内药动学的影响

目的探讨川芎⁃天麻配伍对川芎中川芎嗪、阿魏酸在大鼠脑内药动学的影响。方法18只大鼠随机分成川芎组、川芎⁃天麻(1∶0.25)组、川芎⁃天麻(1∶1)组,每组6只,建立血瘀型偏头痛模型。灌胃给药后,于大鼠脑内插入微透析探针,收集不同时间点脑透析液,UPLC⁃MS/MS法检测川芎嗪、阿魏酸含有量,绘制血药浓度⁃时间曲线,计算药动学参数。结果与单味药组比较,配伍组2种成分T1/2[川芎⁃天麻(1∶1)组阿魏酸除外]、MRT0~∞、Cmax、AUC0~∞升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);川芎⁃天麻(1∶0.25)组两者T1/2、MRT0~∞、AUC0~∞高于川芎⁃天麻(1∶1)组(P<0.05,P<0.01),川芎嗪Cmax降低(P<0.05)。结论天麻可提高川芎中川芎嗪、阿魏酸脑组织吸收程度,延长作用时间,减缓消除速率,增加蓄积,其作用强度与天麻剂量有关。