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IntroductionLong-term care hospitals (LTCHs) are at a high risk for the inflow and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens. However, owing to limited laboratory resources, little is known about the extent to which AMR organisms are endemic.MethodsWe performed active surveillance for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in newly admitted patients at Marugame Medical Center, a nearly 200-bedded LTCH located in Kagawa, Japan. From August to December 2021, we tested stool samples from patients wearing diapers and confirmed the genetic variants using specific PCR assays. We also collected clinical variables and compared them between AMR carriers and non-carriers.ResultsStool samples were collected from 75 patients, with a median age of 84 years. CRE strain was not detected, but 37 strains of ESBL-E were isolated from 32 patients (42.7%). During the study period, 4.9% of in-hospital patients (37 per 756 patients) were identified to be ESBL-E carriers in the routine microbiological processing, suggesting that active surveillance detected approximately 9-fold more ESBL-E carriers. The blaCTX-M-9 group was the most common (38.5%), followed by the blaTEM (26.9%). The clinical backgrounds of the ESBL-E non-carriers and carriers were not significantly different.ConclusionOur active screening demonstrated that nearly half of the patients hospitalized or transferred to a Japanese LTCH were colonized with ESBL-E. We highlight the enforcement of universal basic infection prevention techniques at LTCHs where patients carrying AMR pathogens gather.  相似文献   
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PurposeTo understand the reasons behind current low utilization of brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer in the United States.Methods and MaterialsA 17-item survey was e-mailed to the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) listserv of active members in 2018. Responses of attending physicians in the United States were included in the analysis.ResultsAmong a total of 135 respondents, 81 completed the survey. Eighty-four percent agree/strongly agree that cervical brachytherapy is underutilized, and 46.9% disagree/strongly disagree that residents are receiving adequate training for brachytherapy; 75.3% agree/strongly agree that inadequate maintenance of brachytherapy skills is a major obstacle to brachytherapy use; and 71.6% agree/strongly agree that increased time requirement constitutes a major obstacle. Over 97% will recommend brachytherapy for most patients with cervical cancer if given access/time; 72.8% always perform their own brachytherapy, whereas 29.6% reported some type of barrier exists in performing brachytherapy themselves, with time required to perform brachytherapy (9.9%) being a leading factor. A quarter (24.7%) routinely refer to other radiation oncologists for brachytherapy. Even among ABS members, 37.0% reported that they would perform an intensity-modulated radiation therapy or stereotactic body radiation therapy boost in specific scenarios in potentially curable patients. The most common scenario is inability to place a uterine tandem (56.7%).ConclusionsThe underutilization of brachytherapy in cervical cancer is widely recognized by ABS members with inadequate training during residency and inadequate maintenance of skills being possible major contributing factors. Even among ABS members, there are identifiable barriers. Continued advocacy and future initiatives in enhancing access to brachytherapy training and efficiency are needed.  相似文献   
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The sanitary problem of Aedes aegypti mosquito acquires relevance around the world because it is the vector of dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever. The vector is adapting to southern regions faster, and the propagation of these diseases in urban areas is a complex problem for society. We aimed to contribute to the risk prevention of disease transmission in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, through monitoring Aedes aegypti population levels and developing education campaigns with government agencies and society participation. Monitoring activities aimed to diagnose the presence of the vector and its ecology behaviour, and to generate education and prevention politics to avoid its propagation. The results show that (1) the mosquito is in the territory and it is spreading, (2) prevention activities of the municipalities are insufficient to generate an effective sanitary response and (3) it is necessary to improve the education programmes to the population about the life cycle of the vector. The integration of university, government and society improved the work of the team because it combined knowledge about vector ecology, diseases and territory characteristics.  相似文献   
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Invasive fungal infections constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplantation recipients. Since solid organ transplantation is an effective therapy for many patients with end-stage organ failure, prevention and treatment of fungal infections are of vital importance. Diagnosis and management of these infections, however, remain difficult due to the variety of clinical symptoms in addition to the lack of accurate diagnostic methods. The use of fungal biomarkers can lead to an increased diagnostic accuracy, resulting in improved clinical outcomes. The evidence for optimal prophylactic approaches remains inconclusive, which results in considerable variation in the administration of prophylaxis. The implementation of a standard protocol for prophylaxis remains difficult as previous treatment regimens, which can alter the distribution of different pathogens, affect the outcome of antifungal susceptibility testing. Furthermore, the increasing use of antifungals also contributes to incremental costs and the risk of development of drug resistance. This review will highlight risk factors, clinical manifestations and timing of fungal infections and will focus predominately on the current evidence for diagnosis and management of fungal infections.  相似文献   
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目的 :分析退变性腰椎侧凸(degenerative lumbar scoliosis,DLS)合并类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者的发病特征和侧凸程度的影响因素。方法 :单中心纳入2013年1月~2018年4月61例合并RA拟行腰椎手术的患者,分为患有DLS者27例(DLS组)和无脊柱畸形患者34例(NDLS组)。提取信息包括人口统计学信息[如性别、年龄和体重指数(body mass index,BMI)等]、RA相关信息[如Steinbrocker分级、是否服用改变病情抗风湿药(disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs,DMARDs)等]、手术相关信息和DLS信息[如Cobb角、顶椎旋转角度、冠状位顶椎偏移距离、髂嵴连线高度、骨质疏松、全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)史和膝关节功能评分(knee society score,KSS)],Steinbrocker分级用来评价RA活动性,Cobb角反映腰椎侧凸程度,KSS用以评价膝关节功能。结果:患者平均RA病程为16.8±12.7年,Steinbrocker分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级分别为14例、34例和13例。两组患者以女性为主,DLS组(男∶女=1∶26)和NDLS组(男∶女=8∶26)在性别上存在统计学差异(P=0.031),而在年龄、BMI上无统计学差异(P0.05);两组在Steinbrocker分级、服用DMARDs比例和骨质疏松患者比例上无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组共11例实施TKA手术,两组间TKA分布比较无统计学差异(P=0.153)。DLS组平均侧凸程度(Cobb角)为18.4°±9.0°(10.4°~39.2°),实施TKA患者其Cobb角(11.8°±1.5°)小于无TKA者(20.6°±9.5°)(P=0.001)。DLS组顶椎旋转角度为8.4°±6.8°,冠状位偏移距离为47.3±7.8mm,髂嵴连线均位于L4/5椎间隙。Cobb角与顶椎旋转角度、冠状位偏移距离和TKA存在相关性(P0.05),与其余参数均无显著相关性。针对DLS患者侧凸程度回归分析,显示既往行TKA为其影响因素(P=0.029),但TKA发生时间、TKA患者DLS病程与侧凸程度无明确相关性。行TKA患者KSS评分(88.7±5.3分)高于未行TKA者(80.4±10.0分)(P=0.034),KSS和Cobb角之间存在负相关性(r=-0.717,P0.001),以Cobb为因变量的两者之间的拟合曲线为Cobb角=70.38-0.64×KSS。结论:合并RA的DLS患者在中老年女性更易出现;在既往行TKA的RA患者中,DLS侧凸程度较小;KSS与DLS侧凸程度存在高度相关性。  相似文献   
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目的 本研究旨在探讨吸毒人员回归社会后的自我概念及应对方式是否会影响其生活质量。方法 在四川省成都市、德阳市、西昌市、宜宾市等地招募201名已回归社会的男性吸毒人员(平均年龄22.65±8.31岁,年龄16~59岁)进行调查。参与者完成田纳西自我概念量表(TSCS)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和药物成瘾者生命质量测定量表(QOL-DA)。结果 高自我概念组吸毒人员的积极应对得分和生活质量均高于低自我概念组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);吸毒人员的自我概念在积极应对与生活质量之间的中介效应值为0.224(95%CI:0.063~0.434),中介效应显著,占总效应的26.4%。结论 自我概念介导了回归社会的吸毒人员应对方式与生活质量之间的关系,应在学校和特定社区开展提高自我概念和应对技巧的培训。  相似文献   
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In this article, I examine the changing representation of medical error in high circulating North American popular magazines in three time periods 1980–1989, 1990–1999 and 2000–2014. Although there were stories of medical error in all the time periods they differed both in their frequency and in the dominant discourses. In the first decade, medical error was represented as an occasional, unique and unusual event. In the next two and a half decades and progressively over time, medical error was represented as commonplace in all parts of the health care system, at all stages of life and from pre-diagnosis to death. Readers are increasingly expected to take responsibility for managing the risk of such errors by continuous, assiduous monitoring of the possible dangers of mistakes made by doctors, in hospitals, in laboratories, that is everywhere in the medical care system. This changing representation of medical error can be linked to the changes in the health care associated with the medicalisation of everyday life, the implementation of neo-liberal ideology and the expansion of the risk society. The individualisation of citizens as isolated, separate units is a bedrock value and assumption of all three of these major discourses. Medicalisation is based on the assumption that health problems develop in the individual body and the individual should follow medical advice to prevent them and should seek medical treatment if such prevention fails. Neo-liberalism devalues the role of the state in ensuring social welfare, emphasising the importance of individual initiative and self-responsibility for health and well-being. In the risk society, the individual is responsible for identifying and managing the risks of everyday life.  相似文献   
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