Effect of pneumatic leg compression on post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的疗效

目的探讨分析对急性结石性胆囊炎患者采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行治疗的临床效果,以及对患者的胃肠功能和C反应蛋白所造成的影响。方法本次研究对象乃是我院肝胆外科于2017年4月-2019年4月期间收治的急性结石性胆囊炎患者62例,按照患者就诊的先后顺序对其进行平均分组,比较两组患者的术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、C反应蛋白水平以及并发症发生率。结果腹腔镜手术组患者的术后肠鸣音恢复时间(13.6±3.5)小时、肛门排气时间(16.5±2.7)小时以及排便时间(25.7±3.3)小时,均明显少于开腹式手术组患者(P<0.05);腹腔镜手术组患者的术后并发症发生率(6.45%)明显低于开腹式手术组患者(25.80%)(P<0.05);腹腔镜手术组患者的C反应蛋白水平为(10.4±2.5)mg/L,少于开腹式手术组患者(P<0.05)。结论根据本次研究的结果可以确认,对急性结石性胆囊炎患者采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行治疗能够取得更好的效果,可以促使患者的胃肠功能在术后更快的恢复,提高患者的C反应蛋白,从而有效避免患者出现并发症。     

DHS和PFNA固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效

目的对比动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)治疗和股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效。方法纳入本院收治的45例采用PFNA固定治疗的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者作为研究组,研究时间为2017年11月-2018年11月;回顾性分析2016年11月-2017年11月在我院采用DHS治疗的45例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床资料,作为对照组。记录两组的相关手术指标,观察手术并发症情况。结果研究组的手术时间和骨折愈合时间均短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,术后疼痛VAS评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组的并发症发生率高于研究组(P<0.05)。结论PFNA固定治疗比DHS治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折更加安全有效,值得临床借鉴和应用。     

Recognition and management of phaeochromocytoma

Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumours. These tumours may be identified incidentally, as part of a work-up for multiple endocrine neoplasia or following haemodynamic surges during unrelated procedures. Advances in preoperative management and improved management of intraoperative haemodynamic instability have significantly reduced surgical mortality from around 40% to less than 3%. Surgery is the definitive treatment in most cases and laparoscopic resection where possible is associated with improved outcomes. Anaesthetic management of PPGL cases represents a unique haemodynamic challenge both before, during and after tumour resection. In this article we describe the physiology of these tumours, their diagnosis, preoperative optimization methods, intraoperative anaesthetic management and management of postoperative complications.     

单孔加一孔联合ERAS在高位直肠及乙状结肠癌中的应用

目的 探讨单孔加一孔腹腔镜手术联合 ERAS 治疗高位直肠及乙状结肠癌的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析 2017 年 11 月至2018 年 10 月在福建省肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤外科进行加速康复外科干预的 92 例高位直肠及乙状结肠癌患者资料，根 据手术方式的不同，分为单孔加一孔手术联合快速康复外科组39 例及常规腹腔镜手术联合ERAS 组 53 例，对比两组围术 期情况。结果 两组患者基线资料无明显统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05），且在手术时间、出血量、上下切缘、清扫淋巴结数量及 并发症方面无明显统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05）。但单孔加一孔手术联合ERAS 组较常规手术联合ERAS 组，总切口长度更短 [（6.7±1.1）cm 比（8.5±1.3）cm，P=0.000]，术后首次下床时间更早 [（22.2±5.2）h 比（27.1±7.9）h，P=0.001]，首次排便 时间更早[（70.2±19.8）h比（83.1±20.4）h，P=0.005]，术后第一天C反应蛋白值更低[（43.5±28.6）mg/L比（57.2±33.2） mg/L，P=0.038]，术后住院时间更短 [（7.0±1.7）d 比（8.1±2.1）d，P=0.010]，且术后 2~4 天疼痛评分更低（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 经验丰富的腔镜医师采用单孔加一孔手术治疗高位直肠及乙状结肠癌并联合 ERAS 干预是安全可行的，且单孔加一孔 手术可减低操作难度，具有疼痛轻、术后恢复快等优势，值得临床推广。     

改良三点式重睑成形术的临床应用研究

目的:探讨改良三点式重睑术的临床应用疗效。方法:2012年6月-2019年6月,共165例单睑患者采用了改良三点式重睑术,沿术前标记线将三点处皮肤切开,剪刀将切口下唇的眼轮匝肌适当去除,同时将切口与切口在皮下层打通,剪除切口与切口之间的眼轮匝肌,6-0可吸收线挂睑板前筋膜或提上睑肌腱膜及切口下唇皮下组织缝合,三点切口各缝1针。再用6-0单丝尼龙线按照常规重睑线缝合方法挂切口下唇皮肤、睑板前筋膜或提上睑肌腱膜及切口上唇皮肤缝合打结,三点切口各缝1针。伴内眦赘皮者同时行内眦赘皮矫正术。结果:152例患者获得随访,随访患者大部分获得了比较满意的重睑,睁眼重睑流畅、自然,闭眼刀口痕迹不明显。2例患者出现内侧重睑线变浅,1例患者出现外侧重睑线变浅,所有患者均未出现重睑消失。5例患者双侧重睑线有轻度不对称。患者总体满意率为94.7%(144/152)。结论:改良三点式重睑术具有创伤小、并发症少、效果逼真、不易脱落、手术痕迹不明显等优点,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜下子宫双侧动脉阻断术联合清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下子宫双侧动脉阻断术联合清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠疗效及对内分泌的影响.方法 选择2011年1月至2015年12月剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者57例,其中A组32例患者给予超声引导下清宫术治疗,B组25例患者给予腹腔镜下子宫双侧动脉阻断术联合清宫术治疗,比较两组患者出血量、住院时间、月经复潮时间、术后人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)降至正常时间,并发症情况及术前(T0)、术后第1d(T1)、第3d(T2)神经内分泌激素水平.结果 ①B组患者出血量低于A组,住院时间、月经复潮时间短于A组,比较差异有统计学意义(t出血量=31.85,k院时间=9.36,t月经复t潮时间=16.37,均P＜0.05);②B组患者并发症发生率为8.00％,低于A组的15.63％,比较差异有统计学意义(x2=9.35,P＜0.05);③B组T1、T2血清COR、β-EP、GLU水平低于A组(CORF交互=17.67,β-EPF交互=132.36,6LUF交互=155.38,均P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜下子宫双侧动脉阻断术联合清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠微创优势明显,安全性高,对内分泌影响较轻.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对胆道结石合并糖尿病患者肠屏障功能的影响

目的观察胆道结石合并糖尿病患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)后肠屏障功能的变化。方法将择期行LC的126例患者分为糖尿病组41例和非糖尿病组85例。术前及术后第1、3天,采用高效液相色谱法检测尿乳果糖与甘露醇比值(L/M),并采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测尿脂肪酸结合蛋白(IFABP)及血清D-乳酸水平。结果2组患者均成功完成手术,无中转开放手术者。糖尿病组术后肛门排气时间长于非糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病组术后第1、3天尿L/M、血清D-乳酸、尿IFABP均高于术前及非糖尿病组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论合并糖尿病的胆道结石患者行LC后会加重肠屏障功能障碍程度,术前控制好血糖水平或可降低肠道功能损伤的严重程度。     

新型四腔水箱在腹外科腔镜电凝线清洗消毒中的应用研究

摘要〓目的〓研究四腔水箱在腹外科腔镜电凝线擦拭法清洗消毒中的应用效果。方法〓通过目测法和ATP生物荧光法,对本研究的四腔水箱用于腹外科腔镜电凝线的清洗效果进行评价。结果〓传统治疗碗清洗的206件腔镜电凝线清洗质量合格率为86.4%,四腔水箱清洗的206件腹腔镜电凝线清洗质量合格率为94.6%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。用四腔水箱清洗腔镜电凝线擦拭过程中的护理人员满意度较高。结论〓四腔水箱可提高腹外科腔镜电凝线清洗质量和护理人员满意度。     

Assisting students with autism to cooperate with their peers to perform computer mouse collaborative pointing operation on a single display simultaneously

The purpose of this study was to provide students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) the chance to cooperate with their peers to perform computer mouse collaborative pointing operation. In this study, we adopted the Single Display Groupware (SDG) concept to develop the Multiple Cursor Collaborative Operating Program (MCCOP) software, which allows multiple users to operate a single computer simultaneously without interfering with each other. With the implementation of MCCOP software, users control their own cursors to perform a function in their respective cursor moving areas on a single display. A collaborative pointing test software (CPTS) program was designed in this experiment to evaluate participants’ collaborative pointing performance. This study adopted an ABAB design, and the experimental results show that all participants significantly increased their collaborative pointing performance during the intervention phase, compared to the baseline phase. Practical and developmental implications of the findings are discussed.