靶向MLL1-WDR5蛋白-蛋白相互作用抑制剂的研究进展

Mixed lineage leukemia 1(MLL1)是组蛋白甲基转移酶SET家族的成员之一。MLL1与WDR5、RbBP5、Ash2L和DPY-30组成MLL1甲基转移酶复合物调控组蛋白H3的第4位赖氨酸的甲基化水平，对造血系统的发育和血细胞的更新至关重要。部分白血病患者体内存在因MLL1基因易位而产生的致癌蛋白——MLL1融合蛋白，MLL1融合蛋白在发挥其致癌作用时需要功能完整的MLL1酶复合物，故靶向MLL1-WDR5的蛋白-蛋白相互作用成为治疗MLL1融合型白血病的潜在策略。本文对MLL1-WDR5蛋白-蛋白相互作用的生物学机制、结构信息以及抑制剂进行了系统的总结，并结合已报道数据对该领域进行了展望，以期为后续研究提供参考。     

Elevated peripheral inflammation is associated with attenuated striatal reward anticipation in major depressive disorder

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, and up to 40% of individuals with MDD do not respond to current treatments. Studies suggest that peripheral inflammation plays an important role in the striatal mesolimbic dopamine pathway and corticostriatal reward circuitry in MDD. Although MDD patients show blunted striatal responses to reward, the link between degree of inflammation and attenuation of reward processing is unclear. We investigated whether MDD patients with elevated peripheral inflammation exhibit attenuated reward responses to enhance our understanding of MDD pathophysiology and develop more effective treatments for current non-responders.MethodsMDD subjects varying on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (MDD-High CRP, >3 mg/L, n = 44; MDD-Low CRP, <3 mg/L, n = 44) and healthy comparisons (HC, n = 44) completed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task and provided blood samples to measure inflammation-related markers. MDD-High and MDD-Low were propensity score-matched on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, exercise and MID task head motion. Percent change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during anticipation of wins and losses was extracted from bilateral nucleus accumbens, dorsal caudate and dorsolateral putamen regions of interest (ROIs). A linear mixed-effects model was used to test group (MDD-High, MDD-Low and HC), condition (large-win, small-win and no win), and their interaction for these ROIs as well as whole-brain voxelwise data. Analyses also tested group differences in inflammatory mediators. Correlations were used to explore the relationship between inflammatory mediators and brain regions showing differences between MDD-High and MDD-Low.ResultsMDD-High exhibited: (a) lower BOLD signal change in dorsal caudate, thalamus, left insula and left precuneus during anticipation of small wins than MDD-Low; and (b) higher serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations than MDD-Low and HC. MDD as a whole, regardless of CRP-based inflammation, exhibited: (a) lower precuneus BOLD signal change to large wins than HC; and (b) higher Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) concentrations than HC. Higher serum sICAM-1 concentrations were associated with lower caudate BOLD signal change to small wins only within the MDD-High group.ConclusionWithin MDD patients, high inflammation (CRP, sICAM-1) was linked to reduced striatal activation recruited to discriminate intermediate reward magnitudes. These findings support an association between levels of peripheral inflammation and the degree of reward-related activation in individuals with MDD.Registration of clinical trialsThe ClinicalTrials.gov identifier for the clinical protocol associated with data published in this current paper is NCT02450240, “Latent Structure of Multi-level Assessments and Predictors of Outcomes in Psychiatric Disorders.”     

血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药治疗高血压颈动脉硬化的临床观察

目的:观察血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药治疗高血压颈动脉硬化的效果。方法:选取2017年6月至2018年6月聊城市中医院收治的高血压颈动脉硬化患者92例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组,每组46例。对照组患者给予左旋氨氯地平+阿托伐他汀口服,观察组在对照组基础上加用血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减口服。观察患者血压、血脂控制情况,测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、斑块面积、血管皮内皮功能、血清蛋白酶分子水平。结果:与对照组比较,观察组治疗后的血压SBP、DBP及血脂TG、TC、LDL-C等指标更低(P<0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化斑块IMT厚度、斑块面积明显缩小(P<0.05),血管内皮功能指标ET-1、AngⅡ、TXB2水平明显降低,NO水平明显升高(P<0.05);血清CatK、MMP-9水平明显降低(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率8.70%明显低于对照组不良反应发生率21.74%(P<0.05)。结论:血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药更利于控制高血压颈动脉硬化患者的血压,调节脂质代谢,改善血管内皮功能,降低血清蛋白酶分子的含量,用药安全。     

血管细胞黏附分子与增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的相关性及其临床价值探讨

目的 探讨血管细胞黏附分子与增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的相关性及其临床价值。方法 选取2016年11月～2018年11月在我院治疗的80例增生性玻璃体视网膜病变患者,按照视网膜病变程度分为两组,视网膜病变A级、B级的患者为研究组,视网膜病变C级、D级的患者为对照组,每组40例。两组患者分别检测血管细胞黏附分子,并进行对比;经过治疗后再次检测血管细胞黏附分子含量,对比分析血管细胞黏附分子与增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的相关性。结果 研究组患者视网膜病变程度明显轻于对照组患者(P0.05),研究组患者血管黏附分子患者低、中等的患者例数明显多于对照组患者,研究组血管黏附分子患者高的患者例数明显少于对照组患者(P0.05),在治疗前,研究组患者血管黏附分子明显低于对照组患者,治疗后两组患者的血管黏附分子含量均明显降低(P0.05)。结论 血管细胞黏附分子与增生性玻璃体视网膜病变具有正相关的关系,血管黏附分子越高视网膜病变越严重,检测血管黏附分子的含量对增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的诊断及治疗具有一定的意义,值得在临床中进一步推广和应用。     

miR-19a-3p 靶向细胞黏附分子2 阻断AKT通路抑制肾癌细胞786-O 的增殖和迁移

[摘要] 目的：探讨肾癌组织高表达的miR-19a-3p 靶向调控细胞黏附分子2（cell adhesion molecule 2，CADM2）并通过AKT信号通路影响肾癌细胞增殖和迁移的机制。方法：收集2012 年4 月至2017 年11 月苏州大学附属第一医院肾内科收治的42 例资料完整的肾癌患者手术切除的肾癌组织和癌旁组织标本。采用qPCR检测肾癌组织和786-O等4 种肾癌细胞系中miR-19a-3p 的表达水平，CCK-8、Transwell 和免疫荧光法检测miR-19a-3p 敲减对肾癌786-O 细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮间质转化的影响，双荧光素酶报告基因验证miR-19a-3p 与CADM2 的靶向关系。采用Wb 检测miR-19a-3p 通过CADM2 对AKT信号通路的调控作用。结果：miR-19a-3p 在肾癌组织及细胞系中均高表达（均P<0.01）。敲减miR-19a-3p 可显著抑制786-O 细胞增殖、迁移和上皮间质转化，且miR-19a-3p 靶向作用CADM2 并下调其表达水平（P<0.05 或P<0.01）。敲减miR-19a-3p 通过靶向上调CADM2 并阻断AKT信号通路进而显著抑制786-O细胞增殖、迁移和上皮间质转化（均P<0.05 或P<0.01），从而缓解肾癌发生发展。结论：肾癌组织中miR-19a-3p 高表达，敲减miR-19a-3p 可显著抑制肾癌细胞的增殖、迁移和上皮间质转化，其机制可能是通过miR-19a-3p/CADM2/AKT分子轴起作用。     

哮喘相关基因与治疗药物的生物信息学分析

目的:通过生物信息学技术比较哮喘患者与健康人的基因芯片数据,初步鉴定与哮喘相关的基因以及治疗哮喘的潜在药物。方法:从基因表达数据库下载GSE74986基因芯片,使用GEO2R分析得出差异表达基因,采用Morpheus制作差异表达基因的热图;通过DAVID 6.8对差异表达基因进行基因本体及京都基因与基因组百科全书分析,使用String 10.5构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络,筛选核心基因。进一步使用Cytoscape 3.6.1的插件MCODE对差异表达基因进行模块分析。通过医学本体信息检索平台筛选治疗哮喘的小分子药物。结果:筛选出510个差异表达基因,包括29个上调基因和481个下调基因。差异表达基因生物过程与通路主要富集在染色质沉默、核糖核酸聚合酶Ⅱ启动子的转录调节、蛋白质转运、信使核糖核酸加工、核糖核酸剪接以及泛素介导的蛋白水解、内质网中的蛋白质加工、核糖核酸转运、髓样分化因子依赖性Toll样受体信号通路、血小板激活、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体信号通路等。共得出9个核心基因,包括T-复合蛋白1θ亚基(CCT8),T复合物蛋白1α亚单位(TCP1),26S蛋白酶调节亚单位S10B(PSMC6),热休克蛋白90α(HSP90A) A1,细胞周期蛋白C(CCNC),HSP90AB1,26S蛋白酶体非ATP酶调节亚基6(PSMD6),泛素特异性蛋白酶14(USP14),真核细胞翻译起始因子4E(EIF4E)。得出2个重要模块,模块里的基因主要涉及剪接体和泛素介导的蛋白水解、蛋白修饰以及核糖核酸修饰等生物过程。治疗哮喘的潜在小分子药物有茴香霉素和金雀异黄素等。结论:差异表达基因和核心基因促进了对哮喘发病分子机制的理解,为哮喘的诊治提供了潜在的基因靶标与治疗药物。     

Junctional adhesion molecule‐A is down‐regulated in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and reduces cancer cell aggressiveness by modulating p53 and GSK3 α/β pathways

Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM‐A) is a transmembrane protein that contributes to different biological process, including the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Through an EMT profiler array, we explored the molecular players associated with human thyroid cancer progression and identified JAM‐A as one of the genes mostly deregulated. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that downregulation of JAM‐A occurred in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) compared with normal thyroid (NT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and correlated with extrathyroid infiltration, tumor size, and ATC histotype. In ATC cell lines, JAM‐A restoration suppressed malignant hallmarks of transformation including cell proliferation, motility, and transendothelial migration. Accordingly, knockdown of JAM‐A enhanced thyroid cancer cell proliferation and motility in PTC cells. Through the proteome profiler human phospho‐kinase array, we demonstrated that higher expression of JAM‐A was associated with a significant increased level of phosphorylation of p53 and GSK3 α/β proteins. In conclusion, our findings highlight a novel role of JAM‐A in thyroid cancer progression and suggest that JAM‐A restoration could have potential clinical relevance in thyroid cancer treatment.     

Use of high-sensitivity digital ELISA improves the diagnostic performance of circulating brain-specific proteins for detection of traumatic brain injury during triage

ABSTRACT

Background: Historically, limited sensitivity associated with traditional immunoassay methods has prevented the use of brain-specific proteins as blood biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (TBI) during triage, as these proteins exhibit low circulating concentrations. Digital ELISA is a newly-developed technique that is up to 1000 times more sensitive than conventional ELISA methods. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of digital ELISA over conventional ELISA improves the performance of brain-specific proteins as blood biomarkers of TBI during triage.

Methods: Blood was sampled from TBI patients (n = 13) at emergency department admission, as well as from neurologically normal controls (n = 72). Serum levels of two brain-specific proteins, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and Tau, were measured via digital ELISA. Estimated conventional ELISA measures were generated by adjusting values according to the lower limits of detection achievable with commercially available conventional ELISA assays, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the diagnostic performance of digital ELISA measures to estimated conventional ELISA measures in terms of their ability to discriminate between TBI patients and controls.

Results: Used in combination, digital ELISA measures of NfL and Tau could discriminate between groups with 100% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. Estimated conventional ELISA measures could only discriminate between groups with 7.7% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity. This difference in diagnostic performance was statistically significant when comparing areas under ROC curves.

Conclusions: The use of digital ELISA over conventional ELISA methods improves the diagnostic performance of circulating brain-specific proteins for detection of TBI during triage.