Pulmonary metastases in urogenital cancers: Surgical treatment and outcomes

IntroductionMetastasis is remaining one of the major problems in cancer treatment. Like many other malignancies, urogenital tumors originating from kidney, prostate, testes, and bladder tend to metastasize to the lungs.The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the operative results and prognosis of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with primary urogenital tumors.MethodsThis study was approved by the local ethical committee. We retrospectively analyzed the surgical and oncological results of patients who underwent lung resections for urogenital cancer metastases in our department between 2002 and 2018. Demographic data and clinicopathological features were extracted from the medical records. Survival outcomes according to cancer subtypes and early postoperative results of VATS and thoracotomy were analyzed.Results22 out of 126 patients referred for pulmonary metastasectomy to our department had metastases from urogenital tumors. These patients consisted of 17 males and five females. Their metastasis originated from renal cell carcinoma (RCC; n = 9), bladder tumor (n = 7), testis tumors (n = 4), and prostate cancer (n = 2). There was no intraoperative complication. Postoperative complications were seen in 2 patients.ConclusionsAlthough pulmonary metastasectomy in various types of tumors is well known and documented, the data is limited for metastases of urogenital cancers in the literature. Despite the limitations of this study, we aim to document our promising results of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with primary urogenital tumors and wanted to emphasize the role of minimally invasive approaches.     

家庭群居爆发型新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床与胸部HRCT表现

目的 探讨家庭群居爆发型新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称"新冠肺炎"）（novel coronavirus pneumonia，NCP）的临床与胸部HRCT表现特点。方法 收集2020年2月3所医院经核酸检测阳性确诊的新冠肺炎患者10例（4个家庭），其中男性6例（中位年龄60.5岁），女性4例（中位年龄59岁）。所有患者均接受胸部CT扫描并行薄层HRCT重建，由两名10年以上工作经验放射科医生共同阅片分析新冠肺炎HRCT病变发生部位、形态、分布、密度等特点，以及治疗前后HRCT征象变化。并收集临床和实验室指标进行分析和总结。结果 本组4个家庭中首例确诊病例均有武汉确诊病例或武汉疫区接触史，4例为输入型病例（占40%），平均潜伏期5 d。实验室检查中5例（50%）外周血白细胞总数降低，4例（40%）淋巴细胞明显降低；8例（80%）C-反应蛋白增高，10例（100%）乳酸脱氢酶增高。10例（100%）患者胸部CT均有阳性表现，其中7例（70%）表现为双肺散在分布磨玻璃密度影（ground glass opacity，GGO），病变界限大多清楚。8例（80%）累及多个肺叶，2例（20%）为单肺叶病变。绝大多数病灶位于胸膜下和肺外周处，以双肺下叶为著。5例患者（50%）病变内可见细支气管充气征，9例患者（90%）病变内可见增粗细小血管影。7例患者（70%）治疗后复查胸部CT，3例（30%）原肺内胸膜下病变出现不同程度实变及纤维化，2例（20%）实变影转变为GGO，1例（10%）原肺内GGO消失，又出现新发GGO，1例（10%）病变范围有增大。结论 新冠肺炎具有家庭群居爆发的特点，均可有输入性病例，潜伏期较短，其胸部HRCT表现具有一定特征性，且有助于治疗后患者病变动态观察；结合流行病学和实验室检查有助于对NCP做出临床诊断和提供疫情防控的可靠依据。     

Electroactive High‐Temperature Shape Memory Polymers with High Recovery Stress Induced by Ground Carbon Fibers

Electroactive shape memory polymers (SMPs) are suitable for remote controllable actuators or applications where direct heat is inconvenient, and herein an electroactive shape memory polyimide (EASMPI) is reported for the first time. EASMPI is synthesized by incorporating ground carbon fibers (GCFs) into a polyimide matrix to form a compact conductive network, and percolation threshold of 0.312 S m^?1 meets the demands of both electroactive and shape memory effects. The glass transition temperature of 302 °C for EASMPI is much higher than that of other electroactive SMPs, and its shape recovery is activated effectively by a voltage of 15.87 V. Recovery stress is crucial for shape memory materials to output work, and EASMPI produces high recovery stress of 40.1 MPa. The possible mechanisms are discussed, and GCF mainly accounts for its electroactivity and recovery stress. EASMPI shows vast potential in practical applications with its electroactive shape memory effect and high recovery stress at high temperature.     

人体足地接触模型的步速适用性

目的构建骨肌多体动力学足地接触模型,研究其适用速度范围。方法采集5名测试者的步态运动数据,以骨肌多体动力学仿真软件Any Body全身模型为基础,建立足地接触模型,分析慢走、正常行走、快走和慢跑不同步态速度下的地面反作用力(ground reaction force,GRF)和地面反作用力矩(ground reaction moment,GRM),并与测力板实验测量值进行对比,分析模型预测精度,获得足地接触模型的适用范围。结果在慢走、正常走和快走(步速0. 69~1. 68 m/s)时,足地接触模型预测能力较高,GRF预测值与实验值相关性大于0. 875,GRM预测值与实验值相关性大于0. 9。结论所开发的足地接触模型同时计算GRF和GRM,可以消除步态分析中对测力板的依赖,能够应用于老年人及病理性步态等低速步态的运动学分析。     

白花前胡地上部分挥发性成分对比

目的:研究白花前胡地上各部位挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取白花前胡新鲜地上部分各部位的挥发油,以气相色谱—质谱联用仪测定其化学组分。结果:花中含量较高的成分为氧化石竹烯(26.590%),2,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]-2-烯(13.605%);果中为石竹烯(34.589%),1R-α-蒎烯(14.444%);叶柄中为(1α,4aα,8aα)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-八氢-7-甲基-4-亚甲基-1-(1-异丙基)-萘(33.671%),[s-(E,E)]-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-(1-异丙基)-1,6-环己烯(22.474%%),1R-α-蒎烯(11.479%);茎中为1R-α-蒎烯(15.544%),[s-(E,E)]-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-(1-异丙基)-1,6-环己烯(14.212%),石竹烯(11.551%)。结论:白花前胡地上部分挥发油中,石竹烯类、1R-α-蒎烯含量较高,茎和叶柄挥发油中萘类成分含量较高,在考虑综合利用的同时,应防止人畜中毒。     

Influence of decrease in the muscle activity during mastication on occurrence of the Stage II transport

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that in the process from food ingestion to swallowing, intentional decrease in the muscle activity during mastication would affect the number of chewing strokes, and thus the occurrence of Stage II transport (St2Tr) or the number of swallowing.

Occlusal phase of gum-chewing strokes

The occlusal phase of chewing is especially interesting because food particles are being pulverized in this phase. For efficient chewing the upper and lower teeth must come together in a congruent fashion with less variation than in other phases. To examine this expectation the chewing motions of 28 women were recorded optoelectrically, and their frontal and sagittal angles of the closing and following opening strokes were measured at 3.0 mm (3-D linear distance) of opening. Closing strokes were more stable than opening strokes. The frontal angle was correlated with the sagittal angle during closing. The opening and closing sagittal angles were moderately correlated, and the opening and closing frontal angles were negatively correlated at the intersubject level. No direct association was found between the closing strokes and following opening strokes at the intra-subject level. These results suggest that closing strokes are more stable than opening strokes, resulting in efficient mastication.     

Individual difference in the number of chewing strokes and its determinant factors

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution and individual variation of the number of chewing strokes before last swallowing (NCS), as well as to assess the factors that affect NCS, when dentulous adults masticate the same type of food. NCS was measured in 75 dentulous adults using gummy candies. Measurements were repeated five times to obtain the average and variation. Moreover, the correlation of NCS with various physiological factors (lateral width and vertical distance of chewing loop, angle of opening and closing path, opening and closing time, occlusal time, masticatory performance, number of occlusal contact points, occlusal contact area, occlusal force, flow rate of whole saliva and viscosity of whole saliva) and 28 personality factors were analysed by both of the single variate analysis and the multivariate analysis. The results showed that the average NCS was 41.0 +/- 16.0, and the coefficient of variation was 0.090 +/- 0.040. Additionally, the correlation between NCS and each factor was investigated, and found that any of these factors did not function as a single determinant for NCS. Following, determinant factors were further examined by the stepwise method of linear multiple regression analysis. From these analysis we found that when opening and closing time and four personality factors were combined, they were significantly involved in determining NCS (P < 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that individual NCS until last swallowing is not determined by a sole, specific physiological factor but is affected by multiple factors including personality.     

带种植体骨磨片制作方法的改进

目的:对原有手工磨片的制作方法进行改进,以便更广泛地满足人工种植牙的临床与实验研究。方法:对浸润剂、包埋剂的配比进行改良,同时对粘贴剂、磨片步骤、染色方法进行调整,以达到制作更高水平种植体磨片的要求。结果:与原有方法比较,采用改进后的方法制作磨片,所磨制的磨片表面更加平整,厚度更加均匀,染色脱片率大为下降。同时根据观察骨与种植体的结合、正畸治疗中加种植支抗后骨组织受力的分析等不同实验要求,通过采用相应的染色方法,均达到满意的结果。结论:改进后的手工磨片法制作人工种植牙骨磨片,不仅可以提高磨片的质量和成功率,同时也能满足临床与实验的不同要求。     

影像组学在磨玻璃结节型肺腺癌的应用研究进展

肺癌作为全世界发病率及病死率最高的恶性肿瘤,其早期诊断及治疗对患者生存率的提高极为重要。早期肺腺癌在计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)中常表现为磨玻璃结节(Ground-Glass Nodule,GGN),精确诊断GGN型肺腺癌对患者后期治疗具有重大价值。影像组学通过将传统的影像图像转换为可挖掘、可分析的数据信息,可提取到人类肉眼很难观察及分辨的特征数据,并运用于临床的各个环节。本文基于相关文献对影像组学的流程及其在GGN型肺腺癌的应用研究进展进行阐述,旨在提高GGN型肺腺癌正确诊断率,为组织病理、基因预测及治疗疗效评估提供参考。