Standard-dose gentamicin does not increase risk of patent ductus arteriosus

BackgroundRates of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and infection are high in preterm infants. Preterm infants with infection are more likely to develop symptomatic PDA, a potentially fatal disease. Clinically, gentamicin is widely used for early-onset infection in neonates including preterm infants. A recent study demonstrated that standard-dose gentamicin itself, not infection, increased risk of PDA in mice, suggesting that gentamicin should be avoided in neonates with a risk of PDA. This claim has been insufficiently investigated in subsequent in-vivo experiments. We reevaluated the in-vivo effect of standard-dose gentamicin on patency of the rat ductus arteriosus (DA).Methods1) To evaluate the effect of gentamicin on DA patency duration, gentamicin was intraperitoneally injected immediately after birth. 2) To evaluate the effect of gentamicin on DA reopening, gentamicin was intraperitoneally injected 30 min after birth. In both scenarios, 30 min after gentamicin administration, rapid whole-body freezing was performed and the inner diameter of the DA was measured.ResultsStandard-dose gentamicin (5 μg/g) did not prolong patency of the DA or increase the likelihood of DA reopening in rat neonates. High-dose gentamicin (100 μg/g), however, significantly prolonged patency of the DA and was associated with DA reopening in rat neonates, although the dilative effect did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionStandard-dose gentamicin does not increase the risk of PDA in rat neonates. This study suggests that standard-dose gentamicin can be used to treat infection in neonates without increasing PDA morbidity.     

Curcumin has a palliative action on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Generation of free radicals in kidney cortex plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity, and curcumin, the yellow curry pigment isolated from turmeric, has been confirmed to have a strong antioxidant action. Therefore, in the present work, we aimed at testing the possible protective or palliative effect of curcumin on GM nephrotoxicity. Curcumin was given to rats at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days, and in some of these rats GM was also injected intramuscularly at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day during the last 6 days of the treatment. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated histopathologically by light microscopy, and biochemically by measuring the concentrations of creatinine and urea in serum, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in renal cortex. The concentration of GM in renal cortex was measured microbiologically. GM significantly increased the concentrations of urea and creatinine (P < 0.05) by about 111 and 97%, respectively. GM treatment reduced cortical GSH concentration by about 31% (P < 0.05), and the activity of SOD by about 27% (P < 0.05). Curcumin significantly mitigated these effects. Sections from saline and curcumin-treated rats showed apparently normal proximal tubules. However, kidneys of GM-treated rats had a moderate degree of necrosis. The degree of necrosis appeared lessened when GM was given simultaneously with curcumin. The concentration of GM in the renal cortex of the rats given GM + curcumin was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that found in rats treated with GM alone by about 39%. The results suggested that curcumin had ameliorated the histopathological and biochemical indices of nephrotoxicity in rats. Pending further studies, curcumin may potentially be useful as a nephroprotectant agent.     

丹参混合口服液治疗放射性食管炎效果观察

[目的]探讨丹参混合口服液治疗食管癌放射性黏膜损伤的效果。[方法]将80例食管癌病人随机分为实验组、对照组,各40例,对照组给予生理盐水、地塞米松、庆大霉素、2%利多卡因混合后口服;实验组在对照组的基础上加入丹参。[结果]在食管癌放疗所致食管黏膜损伤治疗和护理中,实验组优于对照组,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义。[结论]丹参混合液口服治疗放射性食管炎具有较好的功效。     

不同方法治疗感染伤口的换药体会

[目的]寻找好的治疗感染伤口的换药方法。[方法]将60例感染伤口病人随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。两组病人均先用3％过氧化氢和生理盐水彻底清洗伤口后，对照组用0．1％依沙吖啶纱布湿敷；观察组用庆大霉素、维生素C直接涂在创面上，并用红外线照射20min～30min后，再外敷湿润烧伤膏。[结果]观察组的换药次数和愈合天数比对照组要少，治愈率和有效率比对照组高。[结论]采用庆大霉素、维生素C、湿润烧伤膏辅以红外线照射治疗感染伤口，可缩短伤口愈合时间．提高换药效果。     

皮损内注射联合异维A酸治疗囊肿性痤疮的疗效观察

目的:观察曲安奈德及庆大霉素皮损内注射联合异维A酸治疗囊肿性痤疮的临床疗效。方法:治疗组45例,采用异维A酸胶丸口服,每次20mg,每天2次,连用4周后剂量减半,改为每次10mg,每天2次,再用4周,总疗程为8周;同时于皮损内注射曲安奈德及庆大霉素适量,2周1次,最多4次;对照组40例,单纯口服异维A酸胶丸,用法、用量及疗程同治疗组。结果:两组痊愈率分别为77.8%和52.5%,两者差异有显著性(χ2=6.02,P<0.05),两组的有效率分别为91.1%和87.5%,比较差异无显著性(χ2=0.29,P>0.05)。结论:应用异维A酸胶丸治疗囊肿性痤疮有效,尤其是联合曲安奈德及庆大霉素皮损内注射见效快,复发率低。     

阿洛西林联合庆大霉素治疗铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染72例

目的：了解阿洛西林联合庆大霉素治疗铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染的疗效。方法：选择2009年12月～2013年12月期间在河南省三门峡监狱医院内就诊的72例铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染病例,随机分成2组,治疗组给予阿洛西林和庆大霉素联合应用,对照组给予头孢曲松钠单独使用,疗程均为7～14天。结果：治疗组总有效率为91．7％,细菌清除率为94．4％,不良反应发生率为5．6％,与对照组比较无显著差异。结论：对于肝、肾功能正常的铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染,阿洛西林和庆大霉素连用可作为临床治疗方案之一,且所需费用较头孢曲松钠等新型抗生素低,使广大患者更易接受。     

CASP9 genotype confers gentamicin susceptibility in intratympanic treatment of intractable vertigo caused by Ménière’s disease

Background: Ménière’s disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear, causing episodes of vertigo. Although surgery is reserved for intractable MD, intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) injection has become an alternative for controlling vertigo.

Aims/Objectives: To investigate the genetic basis of ITG efficacy.

Material and methods: We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect outcomes in patients with MD who receive ITG injections. Whole-exome sequencing was used to determine variations in coding regions.

Results: Multivariate analysis revealed two SNPs, rs1052571 in caspase 9 (CASP9; p?=?.017) and rs3745274 in cytochrome P450 2B6 (p?=?.053), which were associated with susceptibility to ITG injections. Only the C-allele in the rs1052571 SNP was significantly associated with susceptibility (p?=?.027; odds ratio: 5.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.26–28.57, by Fisher’s exact test).

Conclusions and significance: Our results elucidated the role of the rs1052571 SNP and provide a genetic perspective on gentamicin efficacy (susceptibility) in treating intractable MD.     

Function of Fifty-Seven Septic,Revised and Healed Total hip Arthroplasties

An evaluation of hip function was made 2–5 years postoperatively in 57 patients reoperated using gentamicin—containing bone cement because of deep infection after total hip arthroplasty. Forty patients were completely free from pain and 17 had slight intermittent pain. Fifty—one had normal or nearly normal walking ability. Most patients managed dressing and getting in and out of a bath without help. It is concluded that revision in most cases offers a satisfactory solution for the patient and gives a better functional result than simple removal of the prosthesis.