顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定布南色林原料药中遗传毒性杂质

目的：建立顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定布南色林原料药中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯和甲磺酸异丙酯3种遗传毒性杂质含量的方法。方法：采用顶空气相色谱-质谱法，以甲磺酸丁酯为内标，按内标标准曲线法进行甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯和甲磺酸异丙酯的含量测定。色谱条件：DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）；程序升温，初始柱温为40℃，维持3 min，升温速率为30℃·min^-1，终止温度150℃，保持2 min；进样口温度为110℃；载气（He）流速为0.6 mL·min^-1；进样量为1 mL；进样方式为分流进样，分流比为20：1。质谱条件：电子轰击离子源（EI），扫描方式为选择性离子检测；离子源温度为200℃；接口温度为150℃；电子能量为70 eV；溶剂延迟1 min。结果：3种杂质成分之间的分离度均大于2.0；甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯、甲磺酸异丙酯检测质量浓度线性范围均为0.025~3.0 μg·mL^-1（r ≥ 0.998 5）；精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<5%；加样回收率分别为93.40%~101.40%（RSD为3.2%，n=9）、92.80%~99.70%（RSD为2.5%，n=9）和96.30%~100.75%（RSD为1.6%，n=9）。结论：该方法简便、准确、灵敏、迅速，可用于布南色林原料药中3种遗传毒性杂质的测定。     

LC-HR-MS/MS法鉴定头孢丙烯干混悬剂中的未知杂质

目的:检测头孢丙烯干混悬剂中的未知杂质,并对其进行结构鉴定。方法:采用高效液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱法检测并鉴定头孢丙烯干混悬剂中的未知杂质。色谱柱为Thermo HyPURITYTMC18,流动相为乙腈-0.013%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),检测波长为230 nm,流速为1.0 m L/min,柱温为40℃,进样量为20μL;以电喷雾离子源行正离子全扫描,扫描范围为质荷比(m/z)100~1500,喷雾电压为3.8 kV,金属毛细管温度为320℃,鞘气压力为60 Arb,辅助气压力为10 Arb,喷雾温度为280℃。结果:在该色谱条件下,杂质K的检测限为0.202μg/mL,精密度、重复性试验的RSD均小于4%。杂质K附近发现3个未知杂质,且互为异构体,离子保留时间为17.83~19.31 min,二级母离子均为m/z 436.1500[M+H]+,可能为头孢丙烯开环、脱水后的产物。结论:本方法检测出头孢丙烯干混悬剂中杂质K附近的3个未知杂质。     

N-亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质的研究进展

自“缬沙坦事件”之后，N-亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质引起了业界的广泛关注。本文概述了药物中N-亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质和相关检测方法的研究进展，以及近20年来国内外有关药物中基因毒性杂质监管指南的完善历程。N-亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质作为一类高反应活性的基因毒性杂质，主要来源于药物合成过程中发生的副反应，以及药物在储存或者运输过程中发生的氧化或还原等反应。所有的动物实验表明，N-亚硝胺类具有很强的致癌性。在理论上，所有药物都存在N-亚硝胺类杂质或被N-亚硝胺类杂质污染的风险，由于该类化合物在药物中常以痕量形式存在，在分析检测过程中药物基质干扰大，因此建立便捷、高效的分析方法是非常有必要的。     

Analytical Method Capable of Quantifying Eight Nitrosamine Impurities from Five Different Commercially Available Metformin Formulations with Glipizide,Glibenclamide, Gliclazide,Evogliptin, and Glimepiride by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tripple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Metformin and its combinations are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes. The drugs commonly used in combination with Metformin are Glipizide, Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Evogliptin, and Glimepiride. Combination therapy is preferred over monotherapy of Metformin in most diabetics. About eighteen pharmaceutical manufacturers have lately recalled metformin formulation batches from the U.S. market due to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurities based on the food and drug administration (USFDA) guideline “Control of Nitrosamine in Human Drugs.” European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Health Canada have also established guidelines for nitrosamine impurities. Nitrosamines are well-known mutagenic impurities and probable human carcinogens found in pharmaceutical formulations. Thus, global regulatory agencies require pharmaceutical and formulation manufacturers to complete risk assessments for nitrosamine impurities for patient safety. Therefore, drug manufacturers must develop analytical techniques for monitoring trace nitrosamine impurities. Quantifying nitrosamine impurities in formulations requires modern equipment like LC-MS/MS and great intellect. The present study intends to give a single pre-packaged LC-MS/MS method parameters, including liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer configuration. This method could quantify eight nitrosamine impurities from five different Metformin combinations (Metformin with Glipizide, Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Evogliptin, and Glimepiride). The atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) was used as an ionisation source, and the mass spectrometer was set to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for all eight nitrosamine impurities. A unified pre-packaged analytical setup allows analytical chemists to develop a reliable, sensitive, robust, and precise method for quantifying eight nitrosamine impurities from five different Metformin formulations of varying manufacturers. This analytical method saves time, money, and the environment using fewer pharmaceutical chemicals.     

Combinations of genotoxic tests for the evaluation of group 1 IARC carcinogens

Many of the known human carcinogens are potent genotoxins that are efficiently detected as carcinogens in human populations but certain types of compounds such as immunosuppressants, sex hormones, etc. act via non‐genotoxic mechanism. The absence of genotoxicity and the diversity of modes of action of non‐genotoxic carcinogens make predicting their carcinogenic potential extremely challenging. There is evidence that combinations of different short‐term tests provide a better and efficient prediction of human genotoxic and non‐genotoxic carcinogens. The purpose of this study is to summarize the in vivo and in vitro comet assay (CMT) results of group 1 carcinogens selected from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and to discuss the utility of the comet assay along with other genotoxic assays such as Ames, in vivo micronucleus (MN), and in vivo chromosomal aberration (CA) test. Of the 62 agents for which valid genotoxic data were available, 38 of 61 (62.3%) were Ames test positive, 42 of 60 (70%) were in vivo MN test positive and 36 of 45 (80%) were positive for the in vivo CA test. Higher sensitivity was seen in in vivo CMT (90%) and in vitro CMT (86.9%) assay. Combination of two tests has greater sensitivity than individual tests: in vivo MN + in vivo CA (88.6%); in vivo MN + in vivo CMT (92.5%); and in vivo MN + in vitro CMT (95.6%). Combinations of in vivo or in vitro CMT with other tests provided better sensitivity. In vivo CMT in combination with in vivo CA provided the highest sensitivity (96.7%).     

分子排阻色谱法测定头孢克洛胶囊中高分子杂质的含量

目的 建立分子排阻色谱法测定头孢克洛胶囊中的高分子杂质。方法 采用球状亲水硅胶柱(TSK-GEL?G2500PWXL色谱柱,7.8mm×300mm, 7μm),流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.0)[0.02mol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液和0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(61:39)]-乙腈(95:5)为流动相,流速为0.8mL/min,检测波长为265nm,以头孢克洛对照品外标法计算高分子杂质的含量。结果 头孢克洛在0.532~21.280μg/mL的浓度范围内,面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999);最小检出浓度为0.161μg/mL;高分子杂质与头孢克洛峰能有效分离,并先于主峰流出,方法专属性良好。结论 该方法适于测定头孢克洛胶囊中高分子杂质,灵敏度高,重复性好,操作简便。     

GC-MS/MS测定替米沙坦片中10种亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质

目的 建立GC-MS/MS同时测定替米沙坦片中N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)、N-亚硝基甲乙胺(NMEA)、N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA)、N-亚硝基-N-乙基异丙胺(NEIPA)、N-亚硝基二异丙胺(NDIPA)、N-亚硝基二正丙胺(NDPA)、N-亚硝基二正丁胺(NDBA)、N-亚硝基哌啶(NPIP)、N-亚硝基吡咯烷(NPYR)和N-亚硝基吗啉(NMOR)10种亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质的含量。方法样品经甲醇提取,经Agilent VF-WAXms(30 m×0.25 mm,1μm)毛细管气相色谱柱分离,采用多反应离子监测(MRM)模式进行定量分析。结果 NDMA、NMEA、NDEA、NEIPA、NDIPA、NDPA、NDBA和NPIP在0.2～50 ng·mL^–1线性关系良好,相关系数均为1.000 0;检测限均为0.05 ng·mL^–1,定量限均为0.2 ng·mL^–1,平均回收率分别为103%(RSD=9.2%,n=9),108%(RSD=6.1%,n=9),107%(RSD=5.3%,n=9),106%(RSD=3....     

药物杂质研究方法最新进展

药物杂质是反映药物质量的重要指标,其研究也贯穿着药物研发、生产以及销售的整个过程。随着分析仪器技术的不断发展,药物中杂质的研究技术以及杂质研究方法也在不断地更新。本文从药物杂质来源、杂质研究方法以及基因毒性杂质研究等方面重点讨论了分析技术的最新进展以及基因毒性杂质的确定方法,为药物分析工作者在杂质研究时提供技术上的参考。     

原料药中基因毒性杂质控制的研究进展

目的介绍原料药(active pharmaceutical ingredient,API)中基因毒性杂质控制的法规要求、评估方法和控制方法。方法通过学习欧美法规发展历史,理解国际高端市场对基因毒性杂质控制的监管期望,提出原料药中基因毒性杂质风险评估方法。结果与结论企业基于半定量评估,结合清除研究数据,建立科学的控制策略,使实际工艺中所有可能涉及的基因毒性杂质风险得到明确鉴别和控制,是达到监管期望的有效途径。     

HPLC法测定依非韦伦片中三个特定杂质的含量

目的:建立测定依非韦伦片中三种难分离的特定杂质含量的方法。方法:采用Waters Symmetry C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以水-乙腈-三氟乙酸为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长为250 nm,流量为1.5 mL·min^-1。结果:三种特定杂质峰与主峰间的分离度良好,最低检测限为0.5 ng,依非韦伦浓度在0.125~2.5μg·mL^-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999,n=6)。结论:本方法简便,专属性强,可用于依非韦伦片中三种特定杂质的控制。