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目的 全面系统地探究广泛性焦虑障碍(generalized anxiety disorder, GAD)之上热下寒证的症状特点。方法 使用广泛性焦虑障碍中医证候调查表评估首都医科大学附属北京安定医院门诊收治的168例GAD患者的中医四诊信息与西医精神症状信息。专家判定其中100例为上热下寒证患者,68例为非上热下寒证患者。通过频数分析研究上热下寒证的常见寒、热症状分布特点。通过层次聚类分析GAD之上热下寒证的病位证素、病性证素。再通过提取GAD之上热下寒证的核心症状,进行核心症状间的复杂症状网络分析,探究上热与下寒症状间的内在逻辑关系。最后联合聚类分析与复杂网络分析结果,探寻GAD之上热下寒证的核心病机。结果 GAD上热下寒证的患者较非上热下寒证的患者病程更长,焦虑程度显著较高,常见症状(频率>30%)更多。GAD上热下寒证常见(频率>30%)的寒、热症状有:口舌干燥、舌苔白、两目干痒、下肢不温、面部洪热潮热、口苦、口渴欲饮、小腹畏寒、腰凉、盗汗、头热汗出、脉滑、手热足冷、足胫寒冷、面部多汗。GAD上热下寒证的病位证素为:心、胃、肾、督脉、脾、胆;病性证素为:火热、寒凝、气滞、气虚、阳虚。精神焦虑在核心症状的复杂症状网络中的作用最大。结论 精神症状在GAD上热下寒证的症状中占据主导地位,其潜在的核心病机可能是“君火失明,相火离位”,其治疗则为清热安神,辅以温阳。  相似文献   
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目的 探讨山东省新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的空间分布与相关影响因素,进一步了解山东省疫情的区域分布特征,为指导防控策略提供科学依据。 方法 收集2020年1月21日至3月1日山东省COVID-19确诊病例数及相关影响因素数据,采用地理加权广义线性模型(GWGLM)分析COVID-19确诊病例数及各影响因素间的空间异质性及其相关关系。 结果 对558例确诊病例的空间分布进行分析,广义线性模型(GLM)分析结果显示,人口密度、人均可支配收入、公共预算支出、湖北迁入规模占比和距武汉的空间距离均有统计学意义。人口越密集、人均可支配收入越高、公共预算支出越多,则确诊病例数越多;绝大多数县区的湖北迁入人口规模和距武汉的空间距离与确诊病例数呈负相关。GWGLM的R2为0.363,模型可解释COVID-19确诊病例数总变异的36.3%。 结论 GWGLM能够揭示COVID-19及其影响因素的空间异质性,有助于局域精准施策,应根据各因素的空间分布特征及其与确诊病例数的局域关系制定不同区域的分级防控措施。  相似文献   
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BackgroundSevere cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) to drugs are a crucial public health issue and the use of systemic corticosteroids in SCAR has been controversial.ObjectiveTo analyze clinical features, causative drugs, treatment, outcomes, and prognostic factors of SCAR in the case-series of 173 patients, and add more information to the debate of using systemic corticosteroids in SCAR management.MethodsA retrospective study of 173 SCAR patients diagnosed with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) at a tertiary care institution in China between January 2014 and December 2017 was conducted.ResultsOf 173 patients, allopurinol, carbamazepine, and antibiotics are the most frequently implicated drugs for DRESS (40.4%), SJS/TEN (26.0%), and AGEP (40.0%) respectively. Moreover, there is a strongly negative correlation between early corticosteroids use and the progression (p=0.000) and severity (p=0.01) of skin lesions. However, there is no association between early corticosteroids use and the mortality of SCAR (odds ratio: 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.95~1.08). In addition, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, and interval from onset to corticosteroids treatment were correlated with SCAR prognosis.ConclusionPrompt short-course systemic corticosteroids use is associated with early-stage skin lesions remission without influencing the disease mortality. Lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia were the independent poor prognostic factors of SCAR.  相似文献   
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South Africa has the highest burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the world with significant geographical variations. We identified the predictors of HIV infections and their sub-geographical-level contributions to the epidemic using a decade long data (2002–2012) from 6484 South African women. Generalized additive models were used to uncover the most significant features of these estimates across the region. In the overall analysis, younger age, not married or cohabiting with a partner, partner has another partner(s) and null/prim parity, using injectable contraceptives and presence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were identified as independent predictors of HIV seroconversions. Overall, the top three highest contributors to infections were women’s marital status (PAR%?=?73%, 95% CI: 68%, 77%), parity (PAR%?=?47%, 95% CI: 42%, 53%) and partnership factors (PAR%?=?37%, 95% CI: 30%, 44%). However, their contributions varied remarkably at sub-geographical level. This was mainly due to the substantial localized variations in their prevalence and hazard ratios across the region. Our results will guide policy makers to develop tailored prevention strategies in order to allocate scarce resources by targeting the most significant contributors of HIV infection at sub-geographical level.  相似文献   
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Paediatricians are often asked to review patients with a rash. We all know the potential sinister causes of the non-blanching rash and can recognize the ‘viral rash’ which is a staple paediatric presentation. However, there are a myriad of other paediatric rashes of varying aetiology occurring alone and in association with systemic diseases. Paediatric dermatological emergencies are thankfully rare, but there are a few serious acute presentations that paediatricians should be aware of. This article will cover how to recognize and manage the most serious emergency presentations.  相似文献   
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Background and PurposeA major concern with ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) is the potential conversion to generalized MG. This study was conducted to determine if the repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test could predict the conversion from ocular to generalized MG.MethodsThe RNS test was conducted in a consistent manner on five muscles in the face and limbs in every patient. Subjects were divided into those who remained as ocular MG (ROMG group) and those who experienced conversion to generalized MG during follow-up (GOMG group).ResultsConversion to generalized MG occurred in 24 (21.4%) of 112 MG patients with ocular onset. The proportion of patients displaying abnormal decreases in responses in the trapezius, abductor digiti minimi, or flexor carpi ulnaris muscles on the RNS test was higher in the GOMG group (p<0.001, p=0.002, and p<0.001, respectively). The Cox proportional-hazards model revealed that an abnormal result on the RNS test was significantly associated with conversion to generalized MG [hazard ratio (HR)=3.13, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.18–8.32]. Notably, the HR was higher for abnormal results on the RNS test for the limb muscles, at 5.19 (95% CI=2.09–12.90).ConclusionsAn abnormal result on the RNS test, especially in the limb muscles, is an independent predictor of the conversion from ocular to generalized MG. Applying the RNS test to limb muscles could be useful for predicting the conversion to generalized MG in patients with ocular onset.  相似文献   
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患者,男,57岁。躯干、股部、双手掌见泛发性环状红斑,无脱屑,伴痒痛3个月。实验室检查梅毒非特异性抗体(TRUST)阳性1∶128,梅毒特异性抗体(ELISA法)阳性。苄星青霉素240万U分两侧臀部肌注,每周1次,共3次病情好转。  相似文献   
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