肾上腺副节瘤与神经节瘤影像特点的对照研究

目的分析肾上腺副节瘤及神经节瘤的影像特点,探讨两者表现的异同,提高对肾上腺疾病影像诊断的认识。方法收集手术病理证实的15例肾上腺副节瘤及13例肾上腺神经节瘤的CT、MRI资料,回顾性分析病灶的影像特点并与组织病理学特征相对照。结果所有病例均为单发病灶。副节瘤:右侧肾上腺病灶10例,左侧肾上腺病灶5例,病灶平均大小4.3 cm×5.2 cm,CT平扫肿瘤多数为低密度,少数可为等密度,肿瘤内发生出血、坏死和囊变而密度往往不均匀,1例肿瘤出现钙化,MR平扫为长T1长T2信号,增强后病灶强化明显,病灶内可出现纤维分隔,2例肿瘤为恶性病变,包绕并侵犯邻近的血管;神经节瘤:右侧肾上腺病灶7例,左侧肾上腺病灶6例,病灶平均大小3.5 cm×4.5 cm,CT平扫为低密度,MR平扫为长T1长T2信号,增强后早期轻度强化、延迟后进行性增强,肿瘤可有漩涡征及包绕血管,但不侵犯血管等征象,3例肿瘤内出现钙化。结论CT、MRI平扫及增强扫描能较好地显示肾上腺副节瘤、神经节瘤的内部结构和影像学特点,反映病灶的血供特点和病理特征,有助于两者及肾上腺其他病变的鉴别。     

Proton therapy for treatment of intracranial benign tumors in adults: A systematic review

IntroductionThe depth-dose distribution of a proton beam, materialized by the Bragg peak makes it an attractive radiation modality as it reduces exposure of healthy tissues to radiations, compared with photon therapy Prominent indications, based on a long-standing experience are: intraocular melanomas, low-grade skull-base and spinal canal malignancies. However, many others potential indications are under investigations such as the benign morbid conditions that are compatible with an extended life-expectancy: low grade meningiomas, paragangliomas, pituitary adenomas, neurinomas craniopharyngioma or recurrent pleomorphic adenomas.MaterialsGiven the radiation-induced risk of secondary cancer and the potential neurocognitive and functional alteration with photonic radiotherapy, we systematically analyzed the existing clinical literature about the use of proton therapy as an irradiation modality for cervical or intracranial benign tumors. The aim of this review was to report clinical outcomes of adult patients with benign intracranial or cervical tumors treated with proton therapy and to discuss about potential advantages of proton therapy over intensity modulated radiotherapy or radiosurgery.ResultsTwenty-four studies were included. There was no randomized studies. Most studies dealt with low grade meningiomas (n = 9). Studies concerning neurinoma (n = 4), pituitary adenoma (n = 5), paraganglioma (n = 5), or craniopharyngioma (n = 1) were fewer. Whatever the indication, long term local control was systematically higher than 90% and equivalent to series with conventional radiotherapy.ConclusionProton-therapy for treatment of adult benign intracranial and cervical tumors is safe. Randomized or prospective cohorts with long term cognitive evaluations are needed to assess the real place of proton-therapy in the treatment of adults benign head and neck tumors.