Diagnostic pitfalls in needle core biopsy of the breast

Breast core biopsies are a standard component of the triple approach that includes clinical examination, imaging and tissue sampling. Conventional cores, diagnostic vacuum assisted biopsy and vacuum assisted excisions are established methods for sampling and managing breast lesions. It is important to be aware of the potential pitfalls in the technical handling and interpretation of the limited core biopsy samples. Here, we present a clinically oriented, well illustrated overview of the common diagnostic pitfalls based on the author's diagnostic and second opinion practice, emphasize the value of clinicopathological correlation and provide histological tips and clues with useful immunohistochemistry to aid the reporting pathologists in their daily interpretation of breast core biopsies.     

4万余例沈阳地区妇女HPV感染情况分析北大核心

目的:分析我院2020年1月1日至2020年9月中旬近4万余例女性HPV感染情况,为HPV疫苗接种、宫颈病变预防、治疗、随访提供流行病学数据。方法:选取我院2020年1月1日至2020年9月中旬之间,于我院妇科门诊及病房、皮肤科门诊及体检中心的37 325接受HPV分型检测的患者的临床资料,分析检测结果。结果:HPV感染率为13.91%(5 193/37 325),单一感染率11.46%(4 276/37 325),阳性构成比82.34%(4 276/5 193),高危亚型感染以HPV16最多见,其次52、58,低危型以6最多见,其次为11、44,与5年前HPV感染情况分析中最常见的低危亚型为cp8304不同。不同年龄段感染率不同。结论:近年沈阳地区妇女HPV感染率为13.91%,较5年前感染率18.60%有所下降,以单一、高危亚型感染为主,多重感染并存为特征。     

The hidden aspect of carotid lesions in traffic accidents: A little-known phenomenon

Vascular injuries that occur during traffic accidents are a commonly neglected aspect that can add more detail to the framework of a case. In this study, we analysed a case series of 150 traffic accidents, 39 of which were marked by microscopically identifiable vascular lesions. The purpose was to identify the presence of carotid injuries in individuals who died due to traffic accidents and had nonpenetrating trauma of the neck. We focused on the discrepancies regarding the macroscopical aspect and the histology and demonstrated how histological analysis of the carotids in cases of trauma can reveal injuries that are attributable to the trauma itself. We conducted a histological analysis of the lesions to describe their distribution and type and investigate potential correlations. The study offers insight on how to examine road accidents that involve traumatic injury of the carotid arteries. Indeed the main task of the forensic pathologist in the case of death is to establish the existence of a causal relationship between the micro- or macroscopic alterations observed in the autopsy and the traumatic event that led to the death of the subject. Thus, further morphological elements were provided to the forensic practitioners that may reveal injuries attributable to the trauma itself and should be evaluated in cases of trauma in traffic accidents.     

白花蛇舌草干预湿热瘀滞型肠内多发息肉术后复发的临床研究

目的 临床观察白花蛇舌草干预湿热瘀滞型肠内多发息肉患者内镜治疗术后复发情况。方法 采用前瞻性的随机空白对照试验设计，选取2019年9月1日—2020年12月31日上海中医药大学附属普陀医院消化科收治的门诊及住院结直肠多发息肉患者132例作为研究对象。采用随机方法分为对照组和试验组，每组66例。对照组行内镜治疗术给予常规治疗后无药物干预，试验组在对照基础上给予白花蛇舌草汤剂（每日取白花蛇舌草15 g、大枣3枚，煎取400 mL汤剂，分2次饭后温服）治疗，连续干预1年。观察并比较两组术前与术后1年肠道内息肉的复发率、息肉数目、息肉最大直径、中医证候评分及肝肾功能及血常规的差异。结果 干预1年后，试验组复发9例（14.75%），对照组复发21例（33.33%），两组息肉复发率比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。试验组腺瘤、伴重度异型增生、体质量指数（BMI）≥24 kg·m^-2患者治疗后息肉复发率均较对照组同类型降低，差异显著（P＜0.05）；术后1年试验组息肉最大直径及息肉数目均较对照组显著减小，差异显著（P＜0.05）；术后1年试验组中医证候各项评分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；术后1年，两组中医证候疗效比较，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），且术前、术后1年两组患者肝肾功能、凝血功能等安全性指标无显著差异。结论 应用白花蛇舌草干预结直肠息肉术后患者，1年后明显降低肠内息肉的复发率，尤以腺瘤性息肉、重度异型增生、BMI超重患者更显著，不仅改善临床症状，还能有效预防结直肠息肉的复发，改善患者的预后。     

川崎病静脉注射丙种球蛋白无反应预测模型研究现状

川崎病(Kawasaki disease，KD)是一种急性自身免疫性系统性血管炎，是发达国家儿童获得性心脏病的主要病因。KD最严重的后果是冠状动脉病变(coronary artery lesions，CALs)，与KD的预后相关。临床研究证实静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)耐药是CALs的独立危险因素。近年来，一系列的预测模型已被开发来评估IVIG耐药的风险。然而，目前基于KD儿童人口学特征、临床表现、实验室检查及遗传特性的IVIG耐药性预测评分系统在不同民族和同一民族不同地区的人群中存在显著差异，尚未建立适用普遍人群的预测模型。     

Treatment effect analysis of curettage for jaw cysts based on volumetric assessment and image registration

The study was conducted to develop a visual and intuitive quantitative evaluation method for maxillary cystic lesions after curettage. Mimics 16.0 and Geomagic Studio 2013 were used to form a precise reconstruction of the cystic lesion morphology of 60 cases; the average reduction rates and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Computed tomography (CT) registration was performed before and after surgery to observe morphology features of the bone regeneration of the cystic area. The average reduction rates (RR) of the cysts after curettage were (43.56 ± 16.79)%, (54.33 ± 17.15)% and (68.53 ± 15.99)% at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The average monthly reduction rates (MRR) were (12.07 ± 4.35)%, (8.16 ± 2.84)% and (5.35 ± 1.52)% at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Correlation analysis by comparing with each group showed that the effect of sex and age in the 3-month group and the initial size in the 12-month group on RR and MRR were statistically significant. Within the limitations of the study it seems that the chosen approach for quantitative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of curettage for jaw cystic lesions might facilitate visual and quantitative follow-up of cyst curettage and timely detection of recurrence.     

Comparison of the effectiveness of i-scan and conventional endoscopy in the detection of the endoscopic signs of atrophic gastritis: A clinical trial

Background and study aimsThis study aimed to determine whether the use of i-scan endoscopy provides additional benefits to conventional endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric precancerous lesions.Patients and methodsA total of 120 patients with histologically-verified intestinal metaplasia (IM) or atrophic gastritis (AG) were prospectively evaluated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Endoscopic examinations were performed using i-scan and high-definition white-light endoscopy (HD-WLE). The diagnostic yields of both techniques and the number of targeted biopsies per patient were compared.ResultsA total of 318 suspicious lesions were detected in 108 patients with i-scan (n = 186) and 81 patients with HD-WLE (n = 132). The diagnostic yields of i-scan and HD-WLE were 81.6% (98/120) versus 77.5% (93/120), respectively (p > 0.05). When only targeted biopsies were taken into account, the diagnostic yields of i-scan and HD-WLE were 89.8% versus 65.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean number of biopsies per patient for i-scan and HD-WLE were 3.27 (393/120) and 7.3 (882/120), respectively (p < 0.05). The mean endoscopic procedure times were 16 and 17 min for i-scan and HD-WLE, respectively (p > 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough targeted biopsies with i-scan were not found to be significantly superior to either targeted or random biopsies with HD-WLE, the number of biopsies required to confirm these lesions was much lower.     

Are Women with Antecedent Low-Grade Cytology and

《Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada》2022,44(10):1054-1060

Tumor Protein p53 and K-ras Gene Mutations in Peruvian Patients with Gallbladder Cancer

Background: Recent studies have shown that genetic alterations are associated with the effect of patient geographiclocation on gallbladder cancer development. Peru has a high incidence of gallbladder cancer, but causative factorshave not yet been identified. We examined the frequency of mutations in TP53 and K-ras genes in Peruvian patientswith gallbladder cancer, and compared this with data from Bolivia, Hungary, Chile, and Japan, which have a highgallbladder cancer incidence. Methods: DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gallbladder tissuesections of 30 gallbladder cancer patients (9 men and 21 women) obtained using microdissection. Mutations in exons5 to 8 of TP53 and codons 12, 13, and 61 of K-ras were examined using direct sequencing. Results: TP53 mutationswere observed in 10 (33.3%) of patients, but K-ras mutations were absent. Nine (90%) TP53 mutations were pointmutations (7 missense and 2 silent mutations), and the most frequent substitution was a G:C to A:T transition. G:C toA:T transitions at the CpG site or G:C to T:A transversions were found in one patient each. No significant differenceswere found in the frequency of TP53 and K-ras mutations among patients in the 5 countries. Conclusions: Our findingssuggest that endogenous mechanisms and exogenous carcinogens may affect the carcinogenic process in Peruviangallbladder cancer patients, similar to that in Bolivian patients. Further studies with a larger sample size are neededto clarify these findings.