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1.
This is a revision of the previous American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement titled “Patient Safety in the Emergency Care Setting” and is the first joint policy statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American College of Emergency Physicians, and the Emergency Nurses Association to address pediatric patient safety in the emergency care setting. Caring for children in the emergency setting can be prone to medical errors because of a number of environmental and human factors. The emergency department has frequent workflow interruptions, multiple care transitions, and barriers to effective communication. In addition, the high volume of patients, high decision density under time pressure, diagnostic uncertainty, and limited knowledge of patients’ history and preexisting conditions make the safe care of critically ill and injured patients even more challenging. It is critical that all emergency departments, including general emergency departments who care for the majority of ill and injured children, understand the unique safety issues related to children. Furthermore, it is imperative that all emergency departments practice patient safety principles, support a culture of safety, and adopt best practices to improve safety for all children seeking emergency care. This policy statement outlines the recommendations necessary for emergency departments to minimize pediatric medical errors and to provide safe care for children of all ages.  相似文献   
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We propose a high order finite difference linear scheme combined with a high order bound preserving maximum-principle-preserving (MPP) flux limiter to solve the incompressible flow system. For such problem with highly oscillatory structure but not strong shocks, our approach seems to be less dissipative and much less costly than a WENO type scheme, and has high resolution due to a Hermite reconstruction. Spurious numerical oscillations can be controlled by the weak MPP flux limiter. Numerical tests are performed for the Vlasov-Poisson system, the 2D guiding-center model and the incompressible Euler system. The comparison between the linear and WENO type schemes, with and without the MPP flux limiter, will demonstrate the good performance of our proposed approach.  相似文献   
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目的评估肝脏瞬时弹性成像、天冬氨酸转氨酶与血小板比值指数(APRI)及基于4因子的肝纤维化指数(FIB-4)对儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)肝纤维化的诊断价值。方法选取湖南省儿童医院2015年8月至2020年10月已行肝穿刺病理活检的非酒精性脂肪性肝病100例进行回顾性研究,收集肝脏病理组织和临床资料。采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析肝脏硬度(LSM)值、APRI及FIB-4诊断儿童NAFLD所致不同肝脏纤维化的诊断价值。结果LSM值、APRI、FIB-4诊断肝纤维化(S≥1)的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.701[95%可信区间(CI):0.579~0.822,P=0.011]、0.606(95%CI:0.436~0.775,P=0.182)、0.568(95%CI:0.397~0.740,P=0.387),最佳临界值分别为6.65 kPa、21.20、0.18;LSM值、APRI、FIB-4诊断显著肝纤维化(S≥2)的AUC分别为0.660(95%CI:0.552~0.768,P=0.006)、0.578(95%CI:0.464~0.691,P=0.182)、0.541(95%CI:0.427~0.655,P=0.482),最佳临界值分别为7.35 kPa、24.78、0.22;LSM值、APRI、FIB-4诊断进展期肝纤维化(S≥3)的AUC分别为0.639(95%CI:0.446~0.832,P=0.134)、0.613(95%CI:0.447~0.779,P=0.223)、0.587(95%CI:0.411~0.764,P=0.346),最佳临界值分别为8.55 kPa、26.66、0.27。结论瞬时弹性成像技术对儿童NAFLD肝纤维化有较好的诊断价值,优于APRI和FIB-4。  相似文献   
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《Clinical therapeutics》2022,44(7):998-1009
PurposeEthanolamine-containing plasmalogens (pPEs) are a unique class of breastmilk (BM) glycerophospholipids containing a vinyl-ether at the sn-1 and a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) at the sn-2 position of the glycerol moiety. pPEs are present in the milk fat globule membrane, accumulate in the infant brain, and have been implicated in infant development. The study objectives were to: (1) describe the composition of BM pPEs and the variation in monomers at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions; and (2) quantify the associations between BM pPEs and maternal predictors (body mass index, race, dietary fatty acid intake, gestational age at birth, and days’ postpartum). Secondary objectives were to explore the relationship between BM pPEs and infant anthropometrics and neurodevelopment.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of 39 mother–infant dyads in the control group of a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation during lactation. BM samples and data regarding maternal diet, infant anthropometrics (weight, fat mass index, and fat-free mass index by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and infant development were collected at 1 month (visit 1 [V1], n = 37) and 4 months’ (visit 4 [V4], n = 39) postpartum. BM pPEs were extracted and quantified by using ultra-HPLC/high-resolution MS/MS at V1 and V4 and expressed as percent mass of total phospholipids. Associations of pPEs with infant development and anthropometrics were modeled using linear regression.FindingsC(18:0) vinyl ethers and C(18:2) polyunsaturated fatty acid–enriched pPEs predominate in BM. Specific pPEs, as a proportion of total phospholipids, decreased between V1 and V4. Higher maternal body mass index was associated with lower BM pPEs in unadjusted models, but this association was attenuated after adjustment for race, diet, and days’ postpartum. Maternal fatty acid intake, gestational age, and days’ postpartum were not associated with BM pPEs. Total pPEs at V1 were negatively associated with infant fat mass index and positively associated with fat-free mass index at V1 and V4. BM pPE concentrations were not correlated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.ImplicationsBM pPEs decrease over lactation and are associated with lower infant adiposity and higher lean mass. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00412074.  相似文献   
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脾胃学说在中医基础理论中占据重要地位,历代医家均重视脾胃,当代医家临床也以脾胃为先。基于脾“中央土以灌四傍”理论,通过对《名医类案》中情志致病医案的脏腑调理和方剂使用进行数据频次分析,总结其治疗规律为以调理脾脏、益气养血为基础,脾脏和本脏同调或数脏同调,恢复脾与本脏的气机,为治疗与情志因素相关的疾病提供借鉴。  相似文献   
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BACKGROUNDMaximum surgical blood order schedules were designed to eliminate unnecessary preoperative crossmatching prior to surgery in order to conserve blood bank resources. Most protocols recommend type and cross of 2 red blood cell (RBC) units for patients undergoing surgery for treatment of hip fracture. Preoperative hemoglobin has been identified as the strongest predictor of inpatient transfusion, but current maximum surgical blood order schedules do not consider preoperative hemoglobin values to determine the number of RBC units to prepare prior to surgery. AIMTo determine the preoperative hemoglobin level resulting in the optimal 2:1 crossmatch-to-transfusion (C:T) ratio in hip fracture surgery patients.METHODSIn 2015 a patient blood management (PBM) program was implemented at our institution mandating a single unit-per-occurrence transfusion policy and a restrictive transfusion threshold of < 7 g/dL hemoglobin in asymptomatic patients and < 8 g/dL in those with refractory symptomatic anemia or history of coronary artery disease. We identified all hip fracture patients between 2013 and 2017 and compared the preoperative hemoglobin which would predict a 2:1 C:T ratio in the pre PBM and post PBM cohorts. Prediction profiling and sensitivity analysis were performed with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTSFour hundred and ninety-eight patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2013 and 2017 were identified, 291 in the post PBM cohort. Transfusion requirements in the post PBM cohort were lower (51% vs 33%, P < 0.0001) than in the pre PBM cohort. The mean RBC units transfused per patient was 1.15 in the pre PBM cohort, compared to 0.66 in the post PBM cohort (P < 0.001). The 2:1 C:T ratio (inpatient transfusion probability of 50%) was predicted by a preoperative hemoglobin of 12.3 g/dL [area under the curve (AUC) 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72-0.83), Sensitivity 0.66] in the pre PBM cohort and 10.7 g/dL [AUC 0.78 (95%CI, 0.73-0.83), Sensitivity 0.88] in the post PBM cohort. A 50% probability of requiring > 1 RBC unit was predicted by 11.2g/dL [AUC 0.80 (95%CI, 0.74-0.85), Sensitivity 0.87] in the pre PBM cohort and 8.7g/dL [AUC 0.78 (95%CI, 0.73-0.83), Sensitivity 0.84] in the post-PBM cohort.CONCLUSIONThe hip fracture maximum surgical blood order schedule should consider preoperative hemoglobin in determining the number of units to type and cross prior to surgery.  相似文献   
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目的 观察凝血、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)在早发型重度子痫前期(early onset severe pre-eclampsia, EOSP)孕妇中的表达水平,并分析凝血、TG水平预测EOSP孕妇分娩结局的价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月于邯郸市中心医院产检并完成分娩的55例EOSP不良分娩结局孕妇的临床资料,设为不良组;另收集同期于本院产检并完成分娩的55例EOSP分娩结局良好孕妇的临床资料,设为良好组;收集孕妇病历资料,记录基线资料、凝血四项[凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time PT)、凝血酶时间(thrombin time, TT)、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen, FIB)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activatedpartial thromboplastin time, APTT)]及TG水平,并分析凝血、TG水平预测EOSP孕妇不良分娩结局风险的价值。结果 两组年龄、分娩时孕周、产妇类型、体质量指数、TT水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不良组孕妇PT、APTT、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)水平均低于良好组,FIB、TG、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)水平均高于良好组(P<0.05);相关性检验发现,EOSP孕妇分娩结局与PT、APTT、HDL-C水平呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05),与FIB、TG、TC、LDL-C水平呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05),与TT水平无相关性(P>0.05);绘制ROC曲线,血清PT、APTT低表达、TG、FIB过表达预测EOSP孕妇不良分娩结局风险的曲线下面积(AUC)>0.80,有一定预测价值,且当四者cut-off值分别取10.13 s、23.47 s、2.64 mmol/L、4.54 g/L时,可获得最佳预测价值。结论 凝血、TG与EOSP孕妇分娩结局有关,PT、APTT低表达、TG、FIB过表达预测EOSP孕妇不良分娩结局风险有一定价值,可考虑早期监测EOSP孕妇凝血、TG指标,指导不良分娩结局风险预测。  相似文献   
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In this paper, we consider the numerics of the dispersion-managed Korteweg-de Vries (DM-KdV) equation for describing wave propagations in inhomogeneous media. The DM-KdV equation contains a variable dispersion map with discontinuity, which makes the solution non-smooth in time. We formally analyze the convergence order reduction problems of some popular numerical methods including finite difference and time-splitting for solving the DM-KdV equation, where a necessary constraint on the time step has been identified. Then, two exponential-type dispersion-map integrators up to second order accuracy are derived, which are efficiently incorporated with the Fourier pseudospectral discretization in space, and they can converge regardless of the discontinuity and the step size. Numerical comparisons show the advantage of the proposed methods with the application to solitary wave dynamics and extension to the fast & strong dispersion-management regime.  相似文献   
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