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Matrine,oxymatrine, and compound Kushen injection from the roots of Sophora flavescens: an overview of their anticancer activities 下载免费PDF全文
In the present review, we updated current information on the chemistry, contents, and anticancer properties of matrine (MT), oxymatrine (OMT), and compound Kushen injection (CKI). The anticancer properties were focused on lung, breast, and liver cancer cells because they are most susceptible. Sources of information were from Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, PubChem, J-Stage, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Reference was also made on botanical websites, such as Flora of China and World Flora Online. MT and OMT are dominant quinolizidine alkaloids from the roots of Sophora flavescens (Kushen) of the family Fabaceae. Against lung, breast, and liver cancer cells, MT and OMT inhibit cell proliferation; induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy; restrict angiogenesis; and inhibit cell metastasis, invasion, and migration. The processes involve various molecular targets and signaling pathways. CKI is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) composed of root extracts of S. flavescens and Smilax glabra (Baituling) of the family Smilacaceae. With MT and OMT as major components, CKI has been approved for the treatment of cancer in China more than 20 years ago. In recent years, systematic reviews and meta-analysis have been undertaken to evaluate the anticancer effects of CKI. When CKI is used alone and in combination with chemotherapy of western medicine, there is much to be learned concerning their interactions besides their individual and integrated efficacy. Some perspectives of MT, OMT, and CKI are discussed, and their suggestions for future research are provided. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography》2022,16(1):19-26
BackgroundThe role of change in fractional flow reserve derived from CT (FFRCT) across coronary stenoses (ΔFFRCT) in guiding downstream testing in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the incremental value of ΔFFRCT in predicting early revascularization and improving efficiency of catheter laboratory utilization.MaterialsPatients with CAD on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) were enrolled in an international multicenter registry. Stenosis severity was assessed as per CAD-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS), and lesion-specific FFRCT was measured 2 ?cm distal to stenosis. ΔFFRCT was manually measured as the difference of FFRCT across visible stenosis.ResultsOf 4730 patients (66 ?± ?10 years; 34% female), 42.7% underwent ICA and 24.7% underwent early revascularization. ΔFFRCT remained an independent predictor for early revascularization (odds ratio per 0.05 increase [95% confidence interval], 1.31 [1.26–1.35]; p ?< ?0.001) after adjusting for risk factors, stenosis features, and lesion-specific FFRCT. Among the 3 models (model 1: risk factors ?+ ?stenosis type and location ?+ ?CAD-RADS; model 2: model 1 ?+ ?FFRCT; model 3: model 2 ?+ ?ΔFFRCT), model 3 improved discrimination compared to model 2 (area under the curve, 0.87 [0.86–0.88] vs 0.85 [0.84–0.86]; p ?< ?0.001), with the greatest incremental value for FFRCT 0.71–0.80. ΔFFRCT of 0.13 was the optimal cut-off as determined by the Youden index. In patients with CAD-RADS ≥3 and lesion-specific FFRCT ≤0.8, a diagnostic strategy incorporating ΔFFRCT >0.13, would potentially reduce ICA by 32.2% (1638–1110, p ?< ?0.001) and improve the revascularization to ICA ratio from 65.2% to 73.1%.ConclusionsΔFFRCT improves the discrimination of patients who underwent early revascularization compared to a standard diagnostic strategy of CCTA with FFRCT, particularly for those with FFRCT 0.71–0.80. ΔFFRCT has the potential to aid decision-making for ICA referral and improve efficiency of catheter laboratory utilization. 相似文献
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Eulerian Algorithms for Computing the Forward Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent Without Finite Difference upon the Flow Map 下载免费PDF全文
Guoqiao You Changfeng Xue & Shaozhong Deng 《Communications In Computational Physics》2022,31(5):1467-1488
In this paper, effective Eulerian algorithms are introduced for the computation of the forward finite time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) of smooth flow fields. The
advantages of the proposed algorithms mainly manifest in two aspects. First, previous
Eulerian approaches for computing the FTLE field are improved so that the Jacobian
of the flow map can be obtained by directly solving a corresponding system of partial
differential equations, rather than by implementing certain finite difference upon the
flow map, which can significantly improve the accuracy of the numerical solution especially near the FTLE ridges. Second, in the proposed algorithms, all computations
are done on the fly, that is, all required partial differential equations are solved forward in time, which is practically more natural. The new algorithms still maintain the
optimal computational complexity as well as the second order accuracy. Numerical
examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR》2022,33(9):1034-1044.e29
PurposeTo assess the safety and tolerability of a vandetanib-eluting radiopaque embolic (BTG-002814) for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with resectable liver malignancies.Materials and MethodsThe VEROnA clinical trial was a first-in-human, phase 0, single-arm, window-of-opportunity study. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and had resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Child-Pugh A) or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients received 1 mL of BTG-002814 transarterially (containing 100 mg of vandetanib) 7–21 days prior to surgery. The primary objectives were to establish the safety and tolerability of BTG-002814 and determine the concentrations of vandetanib and the N-desmethyl vandetanib metabolite in the plasma and resected liver after treatment. Biomarker studies included circulating proangiogenic factors, perfusion computed tomography, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsEight patients were enrolled: 2 with HCC and 6 with mCRC. There was 1 grade 3 adverse event (AE) before surgery and 18 after surgery; 6 AEs were deemed to be related to BTG-002814. Surgical resection was not delayed. Vandetanib was present in the plasma of all patients 12 days after treatment, with a mean maximum concentration of 24.3 ng/mL (standard deviation ± 13.94 ng/mL), and in resected liver tissue up to 32 days after treatment (441–404,000 ng/g). The median percentage of tumor necrosis was 92.5% (range, 5%–100%). There were no significant changes in perfusion imaging parameters after TACE.ConclusionsBTG-002814 has an acceptable safety profile in patients before surgery. The presence of vandetanib in the tumor specimens up to 32 days after treatment suggests sustained anticancer activity, while the low vandetanib levels in the plasma suggest minimal release into the systemic circulation. Further evaluation of this TACE combination is warranted in dose-finding and efficacy studies. 相似文献
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Edwin van der Pol Joshua A. Welsh Rienk Nieuwland 《Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis》2022,20(1):245-251
The Extracellular Vesicle Flow Cytometry Working Group ( http://www.evflowcytometry.org ) is formed by members of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC), and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). This working group of flow cytometry experts develops guidelines for best practices regarding flow cytometry detection of extracellular vesicles. To improve rigor and standardization, this working group published a framework outlining the minimal information to report about a flow cytometry experiment on extracellular vesicles (MIFlowCyt-EV) in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, the ISEV journal, in 2020. In parallel, an article explaining MIFlowCyt-EV was published in Cytometry Part A, one of the ISAC journals, and now will be introduced to the ISTH as an SSC Communication in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The goal of this SSC Communication is to explain why flow cytometry is becoming the instrument of choice to characterize single extracellular vesicles, the obstacles that have been identified and (mostly) overcome by developing procedures to calibrate flow cytometers, and the relevance of reporting minimal information to improve reliability and reproducibility of experiments in which flow cytometers are used for characterization of extracellular vesicles. 相似文献
8.
Guoliang Zhang & Tao Xiong 《Communications In Computational Physics》2022,32(1):126-155
We propose a high order finite difference linear scheme combined with a
high order bound preserving maximum-principle-preserving (MPP) flux limiter to
solve the incompressible flow system. For such problem with highly oscillatory structure but not strong shocks, our approach seems to be less dissipative and much less
costly than a WENO type scheme, and has high resolution due to a Hermite reconstruction. Spurious numerical oscillations can be controlled by the weak MPP flux
limiter. Numerical tests are performed for the Vlasov-Poisson system, the 2D guiding-center model and the incompressible Euler system. The comparison between the linear
and WENO type schemes, with and without the MPP flux limiter, will demonstrate the
good performance of our proposed approach. 相似文献
9.
ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ2 test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO2 values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO2 before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P>0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P>0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV. 相似文献
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