SPECIES COMPOSITION OF CARRION BLOW FLIES IN NORTHERN THAILAND: ALTITUDE APPRAISAL

Distribution and occurrence of blow flies of forensic importance was performed during 2007 and 2008 in Chiang Mai and Lampang Provinces, northern Thailand. Surveys were conducted in forested areas for 30 minutes using a sweep net to collected flies attracted to a bait. A total of 2,115 blow flies belonging to six genera and 14 species were collected; Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (44.7%), C. pinguis (Walker) (15.1%), C. chani Kurahashi (9.3%), C. thanomthini Kurahashi & Tumrasvin (0.3%); Achoetandrus rufifacies (Macquart) (10.5%), A. villeneuvi (Patton) (2.2%); Lucilia papuensis Macquart (2.2%), L. porphyrina (Walker) (12.4%), L. sinensis Aubertin (0.7%); Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (1.3%), H. pulchra (Wiedemann) (0.1%); Hypopygiopsis infumata (Bigot) (0.6%), Hy. tumrasvini Kurahashi (0.2%) and Ceylonomyia nigripes Aubertin (0.4%). Among them, C. megacephala was the predominant species collected, particularly in the summer. The species likely to prevail in highland areas are C. pinguis, C. thanomthini, Hy. tumrasvini, L. papuensis and L. porphyrina.     

Seasonal fluctuations of phlebotomine sand fly populations (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the urban area of Marrakech, Morocco

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were collected continuously, using sticky traps, during 1 year from October 2002 to September 2003, in an urban area of Marrakech city (Morocco). A total of 3277 specimens were collected belonging to five species. Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi (54.6%) is the predominant species followed by Sergentomyia (Sergentomyia) minuta (20%), S. (S.) fallax (11.3%), P. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti (10.3%) and P. (Larroussius) longicuspis (3.8%). Data analyses showed a mono-modal annual pattern for P. sergenti and a bi-modal one for the other species. P. papatasi, the proven vector of Leishmania major in Morocco, was active throughout the year. This species did not diapause in this region. P. papatasi population peaked in June and November, which relating to the periods of risk in this area. Its preferred temperature ranged between 32 and 36 degrees C but no significant correlation was found between its density and the temperature. Considering the high density and long activity period of P. papatasi, the area of Marrakech should be regarded as a potential focus for L. major. This suggests the need for a continuously surveillance to prevent risk of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.     

兰州市蝇类种群调查和防治效果研究

目的掌握兰州市蝇类种群分布与季节消长等变化规律,为蝇类预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用诱蝇笼法和现场试验。结果兰州市蝇类分属3科5属7种,家蝇为优势种群占74．16％,年平均蝇密度3．21只／笼,蝇密度高峰在5～7月。环卫乐乳油和灭蝇灵颗粒毒饵对蝇类杀灭率达90％以上。结论蝇类种群与孳生物的种类、数量以及气温有很大关系,应采取综合防治措施来有效控制蝇类。环卫乐乳油和灭蝇灵颗粒毒饵对蝇类杀灭效果较为理想。     

莆田市秀屿港蝇类种群密度观察

目的了解莆田市秀屿港蝇类种类、种群密度与季节消长。方法选择码头、生活区为观察点,调查不同环境蝇类组成和种群密度,观察重要蝇种季节消长。每月观察2次,以笼诱法计算种群密度。结果本调查于2003～2004年在秀屿港共捕获各种蝇类9757只,隶属5科25属31种,平均密度指数为106．05只／（笼·d）。家蝇是当地优势蝇种,占全部捕获蝇数的33．07％,其次是市蝇和丝光绿蝇,分别占全部捕获蝇数的19．37％和18．64％。当地蝇类于2～12月均可捕获,3月种群密度明显上升,5月为活动高峰期。重要蝇种家蝇于5～7月为活动高峰,大头金蝇于7月为活动高峰,而巨尾阿丽蝇则于5月为活动高峰。结论秀屿港蝇类种类丰富,种群密度较高,环境整治是控制蝇类种群密度的根本措施。     

Advances in genetic models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurological cause of death, after Alzheimer's disease, in elderly people. PD is characterized by a variety of motoric dysfunctions resulting from the loss of striatal dopamine, which accompany progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. While the causes of PD remain elusive in most cases, recent molecular genetic studies have linked mutations in the α-synuclein gene with a rare form of familial PD and mutations in the parkins gene with an autosomal recessive form of familial PD. Identification of these genes is allowing for creation of genetic models where in vivo degenerative processes can be studied. In particular, various transgenic animals expressing human α-synuclein variants have demonstrated that α-synuclein abnormalities can lead to neurodegenerative changes in vivo. These and other genetic models of nigrostriatal degeneration will allow investigators to define in vivo cellular mechanisms that are relevant to PD pathogenesis.     

A single social defeat reduces aggression in a highly aggressive strain of Drosophila

Genes and prior experience both influence the behavior of animals, but the relative contribution of each to fighting behavior in Drosophila remains unclear. To address this issue, we bred hyperaggressive flies by selecting winners of fights over 34–37 generations. Males of this strain initiate fights sooner, retaliate more often, and regularly defeat opponents from the nonselected parent Canton-S strain. After a defeat, however, these highly aggressive flies lose their second fights against socially naïve counterparts. Defeated flies also lunge and retaliate less after experiencing a loss, suggesting that the subsequent losses result from flies becoming less aggressive. Remarkably, flies that were once capable of engaging in high-intensity boxing and tussling patterns of behavior for extended periods of time often do not even engage in mid-intensity lunging after a single defeat. Furthermore, these formerly highly aggressive flies lose all competitive advantage over nonselected Canton-S after experiencing a loss. Lastly, females were more likely to copulate with males from the nonselected parent line than with the hyperaggressive strain.     

不同覆盖材料对苍蝇生长发育的影响

比较用不同覆盖材料覆盖垃圾与裸露垃圾体的苍蝇生长发育情况,发现不同的覆盖材料 对苍蝇的生长繁殖有不同的影响,塑料布覆盖对苍蝇的生长发育有明显的抑制作用。     

上海市中心城区蝇类孳生情况调查

目的掌握蝇类孳生特点，为指导社区苍蝇控制工作提供依据。方法现场调查。结果苍蝇孳生阳性率为5．46％。结论建立一套管理制度，完善苍蝇防治工作。     

葫芦岛口岸蝇类本底调查报告

目的通过本底调查,了解掌握葫芦岛口岸蝇类的种群构成、密度分布及季节消长情况,为口岸开展蝇类控制及蝇类传播传染病的监控提供基础依据。方法2012年5月-2012年11月以葫芦岛港货物堆场、职工宿舍区和职工食堂外三处为调查点,采用诱蝇笼捕集法,以青方和烂苹果为诱饵进行诱捕,对捕获的成蝇用乙醚熏杀后,送媒介生物实验室进行种群鉴定。结果本年度调查共捕获成蝇1161只,经鉴定隶属于4科14属17种,优势蝇种为黑尾黑麻蝇,占24．98％;蝇密度高峰期出现在8月,峰值为27．5只／笼·天。蝇密度随季节消长,平均密度为13．8只／笼·天。结论初步了解了葫芦岛口岸蝇类的种群构成、密度分布和季节消长,为口岸进一步开展蝇类媒介生物监测提供了依据。