选择性β肾上腺素受体激动剂对人滑膜细胞增殖能力的影响

目的：观察β-肾上腺素受体( AR)激动药对人成纤维样滑膜细胞( FLS)增殖的作用,探讨β-AR信号对人FLS功能的影响。方法组织块培养法培养人FLS;使用肿瘤坏死因子α( TNF-α)作为刺激剂,MTT法分别检测β1-AR选择性激动剂多巴酚丁胺和β2-AR选择性激动剂沙丁胺醇对人FLS增殖作用的影响,并计算增殖抑制率;使用沙丁胺醇+β2-AR选择性拮抗剂ICI 118551观察其对FLS增殖功能的影响;Western blot法检测人FLSβ-AR、G蛋白偶联受体激酶2(GRK2)和β抑制蛋白2(β-arrestin2)胞膜蛋白的表达水平。结果 TNF-α可以显著促进人FLS的增殖;β2-AR激动剂沙丁胺醇能明显抑制FLS的增殖,其拮抗剂ICI 118551能显著拮抗沙丁胺醇的作用;β1-AR选择性激动剂多巴酚丁胺对FLS的增殖无显著影响;TNF-α和沙丁胺醇均能显著降低β2-AR胞膜表达,上调 GRK2、β-arrestin2的胞膜表达。结论β2-AR信号的激活可以抑制FLS增殖;TNF-α和沙丁胺醇可以使GRK2、β-arrestin2的胞膜表达增加,β2-AR胸膜表达下降。     

罗格列酮通过抑制RANKL及p-ERK活化抑制类风湿关节炎破骨细胞的分化及功能

目的:探讨罗格列酮(RSG)对类风湿关节炎(RA)成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS)介导的破骨细胞(Oc)分化及功能的影响及其可能机制。方法:活动期RA患者滑膜体外分离培养FLS,与健康人外周血单核细胞(MNC)共培养,不同浓度RSG(0、5、10和15μmol/L)干预,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色鉴定Oc并计数;甲苯胺蓝染色和图像分析系统计算骨吸收陷窝面积;Real-time PCR检测共培养体系RANKL和OPG的mRNA表达,Western blot检测RANKL、OPG、p-ERK、p-p38和p-JNK的蛋白含量。结果:与不加RSG组比较,15μmol/L RSG干预后Oc的数量明显减少(P0.01),骨吸收陷窝面积也减少(P0.05);共培养体系RANKL的mRNA及蛋白表达明显降低,OPG的mRNA及蛋白表达明显升高(P0.01);p-ERK的蛋白含量明显降低(P0.05),p-p38及p-JNK的蛋白含量则不受影响。结论:RSG通过抑制RANKL及p-ERK活化影响RA关节微环境中组织细胞与免疫细胞的相互作用,从而抑制Oc分化及骨吸收功能。     

卵泡抑素样蛋白1在类风湿关节炎中的作用

目的研究卵泡抑素样蛋白1(FSTL1)与类风湿关节炎(RA)活动度的相关性。方法 20例RA患者纳入观察组,20例非RA患者纳入对照组。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定20例RA患者治疗前后的血清FSTL1水平;魏氏法测定患者治疗前红细胞沉降率(ESR),免疫透射比浊测定C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)水平,抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体酶联免疫试剂盒检测抗CCP抗体,并进行疾病活动指数28(DAS28)评分。用免疫印迹法测定两组被试成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLSs)中FSTL1的水平。结果观察组患者血清FSTL1水平与ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体及DAS28呈较好的相关性(P<0.05);观察组关节组织FSTL1蛋白相对表达量明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后,血清FSTL1水平明显低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论 FSTL1可作为RA患者疾病活动度的新炎性标志物。     

佐剂诱导关节炎大鼠模型的建立及成纤维样滑膜细胞的分离

目的建立类风湿性关节炎(RA)动物模型；从炎性关节滑膜中分离成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS)。方法应用热灭活结核杆菌H37Ra菌株与矿物油混合制备改良的佐剂,尾根部皮内注射Lewis大鼠诱导关节炎；剪取成功诱导关节炎大鼠的病变踝关节,从中剥离滑膜组织,充分剪碎后采用胶原酶消化法分离成纤维样滑膜细胞。结果成功诱导了大鼠关节炎,发病率为100%,发病时间有规律,组织学表现与RA相似；成功在体外培养了FLS并对其进行了鉴定,掌握了其生长形态和特征。结论成功制备RA动物模型并获得FLS,为今后RA发病机制探索和药物评价提供了良好的体内动物模型和体外细胞模型。     

Lysophosphatidic acid-induced IL-8 secretion involves MSK1 and MSK2 mediated activation of CREB1 in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic lipid mediator that promotes motility, survival, and the synthesis of chemokines/cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 by human fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RAFLS). In those cells LPA was reported to induce IL-8 secretion through activation of various signaling pathways including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), p42/44 MAPK, and Rho kinase. In addition to those pathways we report that mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases (MSKs) known to be activated downstream of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK cascades and CREB are phosphorylated in response to LPA. The silencing of MSKs with small-interfering RNAs and the pharmacological inhibitor of MSKs SB747651A shows a role for both MSK1 and MSK2 in LPA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB at Ser-133 and secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1. Whereas CREB inhibitors have off target effects and increased LPA-mediated IL-8 secretion, the silencing of CREB1 with short hairpin RNA significantly reduced LPA-induced chemokine production in RAFLS. Taken together the data clearly suggest that MSK1 and MSK2 are the major CREB kinases in RAFLS stimulated with LPA and that phosphorylation of CREB1 at Ser-133 downstream of MSKs plays a significant role in chemokine production.     

三氧化二砷诱导类风湿关节炎滑膜细胞凋亡的作用及机制

目的研究三氧化二砷(ATO)对人类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞(HFLS-RA)凋亡的作用及机制。方法将HFLS-RA分为单纯培养基空白对照组和0．5、2、8μ,mol/L ATO实验组．分别观察ATO作用72 h电镜下细胞的病理改变以及TUNEL法检测细胞的凋亡；四唑盐(MTT)法检测ATO对HFLS-RA生长的影响；反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测ATO作用24 h对核转录因子(NF)-κB的mRNA表达影响。结果电镜下,ATO可以诱导HFLS-RA的凋亡,TUNEL法检测ATO组凋亡指数呈剂量依赖性增加,与对照组相比,2、8μ,mol/L ATO组凋亡指数明显增加(P＜0．05)；ATO呈现时间和剂量依赖性抑制HFLS-RA生长的作用；RT-PCR法表明ATO组NF-κB的mRNA表达剂量依赖性减少,2μmol/L以上ATO可以明显下调NF-KB的mRNA表达(P＜0．05),结论ATO可以抑制HFLS-RA的生长,并且可能通过抑制NF-KB的mRNA表达促进HFLS-RA的凋亡。     

Temporal effects of cytokine treatment on lubricant synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase activity of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes

Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) are major contributors to the composition and function of synovial fluid (SF). In disease, changes to important SF molecules such as hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and numerous inflammatory markers contribute to a loss of SF functional properties. Previous studies characterized the ability of FLS to produce SF molecules in short‐term cultures using continuous cytokine supplementation. This study assessed the HA, lubricin, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) secretion profile of FLS over 12 days of culture. FLS were subjected to continuous, intermittent, and sequential cytokine treatments of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1). HA was assessed by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for content and agarose gel electrophoresis for molecular weight distribution. Relative lubricin content was determined by western blot. Pro MMP‐2 and active MMP‐2 were quantified by gelatin zymography. All intermittent and sequential treatments significantly increased secretion of high‐molecular‐weight (>3 MDa) HA for the duration of the culture. Sequentially treated groups elevated lubricin synthesis, whereas only groups receiving IL‐1β and TNF‐α for 2 days followed by TGF‐β1 for 1 day reduced active MMP‐2 to unstimulated control levels. These data provide important information on the long‐term functional potential of cytokine‐stimulated FLS and suggest that temporal regulation of cytokine exposure can be a powerful tool to guide healthy synovial secretions.     

TNF-α、IL-1β通过PKA通路诱导成纤维样滑膜细胞中力生长因子表达

目的 探讨炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6对力生长因子（mechano growth factor, MGF）表达的影响。方法 实验组细胞用浓度为25、50、100 ng/mL的TNF-α、IL-6或者是2.5、5.0、10 ng/mL的IL-1β处理12 h,抑制剂组在因子处理前用1.0 mmol KT5720预处理1 h,然后添加炎症因子刺激12 h,对照组细胞保持与实验组培养条件一致的情况下不添加因子刺激。因子刺激后,用定量PCR方法检测细胞中MGF表达量。结果25 ng/mL TNF-α和10 ng/mL IL-1β因子刺激滑膜成纤维细胞诱导MGF表达显著增加（P＜0.05）。IL-6对MGF表达无影响。1.0 mmol PKA通路抑制剂KT5720处理显著降低TNF-α和IL-1β诱导的MGF表达（P＜0.05）。结论 炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β在浓度分别为25和10 ng/mL时能显著诱导滑膜成纤维细胞中MGF表达,其表达是通过PKA通路介导的。本研究对于促进MGF用于改善膝关节相关组织修复中的应力刺激不足有一定的现实意义。