伤口组织与电刺激调控的相关性研究*

慢性伤口迁延不愈。外源性电刺激提供促进慢性伤口愈合的电流，其独特优势是使电荷调控伤口，促进伤 口愈合，具有良好的应用前景，并成为目前组织学研究者和临床医生的研究热点之一。现介绍一些常见慢性伤口 的形态学和电生理特性，主要探讨目前电荷调控伤口愈合的形态学改变、可能作用机制及其影响因素。     

双氢青蒿素诱导肿瘤细胞铁死亡及其机制研究

目的阐明双氢青蒿素(DHA)诱导肿瘤细胞铁死亡的作用及其机制。方法利用3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)检测DHA与FeSO_4体外芬顿样(Fenton)反应生成氧自由基(·OH)的能力;MTT法检测DHA对人肝癌HepG2细胞的毒性(包括FeSO_4与去铁胺预处理组)。MTT法考察谷胱甘肽(GSH)与铁死亡抑制剂(Fer-1)对DHA细胞毒性的影响;采用DCFH-DA染料考察DHA(包括FeSO_4预处理组)诱导的细胞内活性氧的生成能力;采用C11-BODIPY581/591与DiO分别考察DHA(包括FeSO_4预处理组)对细胞内脂质过氧化物生成能力以及细胞膜结构的影响;利用谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX-4)试剂盒测定DHA(包括FeSO_4预处理组)对HepG2细胞内GPX-4活性的影响。结果 Fe~(2+)能够催化DHA发生芬顿样反应并生成·OH;DHA的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))为(39.96±8.78)μmol/L,FeSO_4与去铁胺分别能够增加或者降低DHA的细胞毒性;DHA处理后细胞内活性氧含量与脂质过氧化物含量升高,细胞形态变大,细胞膜呈散点状分布并呈现解离状态。FeSO_4预处理组与DHA组相比较进一步增加细胞内活性氧含量与脂质过氧化物含量,并且细胞膜形态完全破坏。FeSO_4能够增强DHA对GPX-4活性的抑制作用。结论 DHA通过芬顿样反应升高细胞内活性氧而最终诱导肿瘤细胞铁死亡。另外,外源性铁可以加速DHA发生芬顿样反应进而加速肿瘤细胞铁死亡的发生与发展。     

外源性神经节苷脂相关性吉兰—巴雷综合征的发病机制及诊治研究进展

吉兰―巴雷综合征（GBS）是一种以快速进行性四肢麻木无力为特点的急性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性多神经根神经病。随着外源性神经节苷脂在临床的广泛应用，该药引起的副作用也逐渐显现，外源性神经节苷脂相关性GBS是其最严重的并发症，临床上主要表现为轴索型GBS，以四肢弛缓性瘫痪为首发症状，表现为急性、严重且快速进展的周围神经受累，较其他轴索型GBS病情重，恢复时间长，预后差。目前发病机制尚不明确。静脉注射人免疫球蛋白是其具有循证医学证据的治疗方法，目前已取代血浆置换成为GBS首选治疗方法，推荐剂量为0.4 g/（kg·d），连续静滴5 d，大剂量激素治疗的效果还有待进一步探讨。早发现、早诊断、尽早停用外源性神经节苷脂、及时应用人血免疫球蛋白冲击治疗和康复治疗，可改善预后。     

Breast Cancer Risk Related to Combined Oral Contraceptive Use

Conflicting literature exists regarding the relationship of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and breast cancer risk. Although earlier studies demonstrated an association between the use of COCs and overall breast cancer risk in previous and current users, more recent research exhibits a small increased risk in current users only, with risk declining within 5 years after discontinuation. Furthermore, recent research demonstrates that COCs may protect against ovarian, endometrial, and colorectal cancer. This report reviews literature from 2010 to current on breast cancer incidence among average- and high-risk women who ever used COCs as well as protective benefits they may provide.     

Top‐down versus bottom‐up attention differentially modulate frontal–parietal connectivity

The moment‐to‐moment focus of our mind's eye results from a complex interplay of voluntary and involuntary influences on attention. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain networks of voluntary versus involuntary attention can be segregated into a frontal‐versus‐parietal or a dorsal‐versus‐ventral partition—although recent work suggests that the dorsal network may be involved in both bottom‐up and top‐down attention. Research with nonhuman primates has provided evidence that a key distinction between top‐down and bottom‐up attention may be the direction of connectivity between frontal and parietal areas. Whereas typical fMRI connectivity analyses cannot disambiguate the direction of connections, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) can model directionality. Using DCM, we provide new evidence that directed connections within the dorsal attention network are differentially modulated for voluntary versus involuntary attention. These results suggest that the intraparietal sulcus exerts a baseline inhibitory effect on the frontal eye fields that is strengthened during exogenous orienting and attenuated during endogenous orienting. Furthermore, the attenuation from endogenous attention occurs even with salient peripheral cues when those cues are known to be counter predictive. Thus, directed connectivity between frontal and parietal regions of the dorsal attention network is highly influenced by the type of attention that is engaged.     

Therapeutic plasma exchange for exogenous insulin antibody syndrome in combined variable immunodeficiency: a case report

A 32-year-old male with type I diabetes presented with profound hypoglycemia due to exogenous insulin antibody syndrome in the setting of newly-diagnosed common variable immunodeficiency. Immunomodulatory therapy was not initially effective, but after the initiation of plasma exchange hypoglycemia resolved, and glucose lability improved.     

人肠道病毒71型及柯萨奇病毒A组16型VP1蛋白的真核表达

目的：克隆人肠道病毒71型（EV71）及柯萨奇病毒A组16型（CA16）的VP1蛋白编码基因，构建相应真核表达质粒在体外进行重组表达，检测其细胞内定位，为EV71及CA16的疫苗研究提供基础。方法：通过PCR扩增分别获取EV71及CA16的VP1编码序列，插入pcFlag载体，分别构建EV71及CA16 VP1与FLAG标签融合的真核表达质粒；瞬时转染人胚肾293T细胞及横纹肌肉瘤RD细胞，Western blot法检测融合蛋白的表达，免疫荧光检测融合蛋白的细胞内定位情况。结果：测序表明两种来源VP1蛋白的重组表达质粒构建正确；分别转染两种不同的细胞后，均可通过Western blot检测到相应蛋白表达；免疫荧光检测显示两种毒株的VP1均表达在细胞质中。结论：外源融合表达EV71或CA16 VP1蛋白的真核表达质粒构建成功；所构建质粒分别转染细胞后，均可在细胞质内检测到VP1融合蛋白的表达。     

In vitro activities of inulin fermentation products to HCT-116 cells enhanced by the cooperation between exogenous strains and adult faecal microbiota

Inulin was fermented by adult faecal microbiota and 10 exogenous strains for 24 or 48?h. The contents of acetate, propionate, butyrate and lactate were quantified in the fermented products, and the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on a human colon cell line (HCT-116 cells) were assessed. Most of these strains increased contents of acetate, propionate and butyrate, and promoted lactate conversion. Correlation analysis suggested that butyrate and lactate in the fermentation products were positively and negatively correlated with the measured inhibition ratios (p?via inducing DNA fragmentation and increasing total apoptotic populations in the treated cells. Moreover, the fermentation products with higher growth-inhibitory activities demonstrated the increased apoptosis-inducing properties. In conclusion, these strains could cooperate with adult faecal microbiota to confer inulin fermentation products with higher anti-colon cancer activity.     

管窥《伤寒论》第六条“温病”

《伤寒论》第六条论述的"温病"与"伤寒"所感邪气相同,均为寒邪。二者发病形式不同,后者感而即发,前者感而不发,至春才病发诸证。温病的发病因春升之阳触动伏寒,邪正交争于外,故而"发热",少阴乏源于内,出现"虚故饮水自救"之象,故"渴";太阳病极轻,为区别中风、伤寒之恶寒较重,故言"不恶寒"。临证诊断温病应从发病时间、发病的气候特点、症状特点着眼。对于温病的治疗,应通过症状判断太阳之实与少阴之虚孰轻孰重,再定发汗解表与温阳补肾孰先孰后,或如何相兼而行,方可效如桴鼓,不至"变证"迭起。     

外源性物质对猪苓菌丝体生长及多糖含量的影响

目的 为探讨不同外源性物质对猪苓菌丝生长发育的影响,系统研究了不同浓度外源性物质处理后猪苓菌丝生长速度及其多糖含量,以期筛选出猪苓菌丝的最佳生长条件,为其规模化人工培养提供参考。方法 采用平皿培养真菌的方法,将猪苓菌丝放在含有不同外源性物质的培养基上进行了培养,以菌落直径来判断菌丝的生长速度,苯酚-硫酸法测定猪苓菌丝的多糖含量。结果 高浓度环磷腺苷酸,6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）,赤霉素（GA）,2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）,维生素（V）B₁,VB₃,VB₆,VB₉,VB₁₂处理组均促进了猪苓菌丝生长,而吲哚乙酸（IAA）,VC,VB₂处理组均抑制了猪苓菌丝生长;高浓度环磷腺苷酸,6-BA,GA,2,4-D,VB₁,VB₃,VB₆,VB₉,VB₁₂处理组均提高了猪苓菌丝多糖含量,而IAA,VB₂处理组均降低了其多糖含量。高浓度VC处理组对猪苓菌丝生长抑制最为明显,但能显著增加猪苓菌丝多糖含量;环磷腺苷酸浓度为2 mmol·L^-1,6-BA,GA,2,4-D,VB₁,VB₂,VB₃,VB₉,VB₁₂质量浓度分别为6,15,2,4,2,4,6,10 mg·L^-1时,均有利于猪苓菌丝生长和多糖含量的累积。结论 通过在培养基中添加外源物质可以调控猪苓菌丝的生长发育,改变猪苓菌丝生长速度和多糖含量的累积。