Modern Medicine: Ideas and Advances

Considering the limitations of medical science and the risks associated with medical treatments, we need to re-examine the connotation of medical science from the perspective of philosophy. Medical science is the natural expression of human kindness and human nature of rescuing the dying and healing the wounded. It is a combination of the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. From the perspectives of medical philosophy and humanistic care, this article expounds the concepts and ideas of evidence-based, translational, and precision medicine in modern medicine and emphasizes the importance of avoiding new technical bureaucracy, paying attention to achieving a holistic view and systematic understanding, and avoiding biases in development because of the loss of the humanistic spirit in modern medical practice.     

Method’s corner: Allergist’s guide to network meta-analysis

Network meta-analyses (NMAs) simultaneously estimate the effects of multiple possible treatment options for a given clinical presentation. For allergists to benefit optimally from NMAs, they must understand the process and be able to interpret the results. Through a worked example published in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, we summarize how to identify credible NMAs and interpret them with a focus on recent innovations in the GRADE approach (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). NMAs build on traditional systematic reviews and meta-analyses that consider only direct paired comparisons by including indirect evidence, thus allowing the simultaneous assessment of the relative effect of all pairs of competing alternatives. Our framework informs clinicians of how to identify credible NMAs and address the certainty of the evidence. Trustworthy NMAs fill a critical gap in providing key inferences using direct and indirect evidence to inform clinical decision making when faced with more than two competing courses of treatment options. This document will help allergists to identify trustworthy NMAs to enhance patient care.     

循证医学在内分泌学临床教学的应用研究

目的对于内分泌学临床教学工作中应用循证医学的具体方法以及应用价值进行分析。方法选取临床医学专业本科生70名进行分析,所选70名临床医学专业本科生通过随机法进行分组,其中40名临床医学专业本科生接受传统教学模式作为对照组,剩余30名临床医学专业本科生接受循证医学模式作为研究组,对比两组临床医学专业本科生的考试成绩。结果两组临床医学专业临床医生理论知识考试成绩对比不存在明显差异(P>0.05),两组临床医学专业临床医学生临床技能考试成绩对比差异明显(P<0.05)。结论临床内分泌教学工作中应用循证医学,能够显著提升临床医学专业临床医学生临床技能,应该给予大力的推广与应用。     

中医临床证据分级和推荐体系发展现状

证据分级和推荐体系在中医药循证医学发展中不可或缺。中医药理论及临床独具特色,照搬西方医学分级体系不合实际,国内众多学者对中医药领域证据分级和推荐体系进行了多年的探索。本文回顾国际临床证据和推荐体系的发展,总结分析目前国内较有代表性的中医药证据分级体系,阐述中医证据特点及发展趋势,为中医临床证据分级体系的成熟与完善提供参考,进而推动中医证据评价的研究。     

Closing the evidence-practice gaps in aphasia management: are we there yet? Where has a decade of implementation research taken us? A review and guide for clinicians

Background: There are evidence-practice gaps in all areas of aphasia management across the continuum of care. Despite the recognition that effective implementation strategies are needed to improve the consistency of speech pathologists’ aphasia management practices, there have been few studies investigating this important issue. Therefore, little is known about the effectiveness of implementation strategies in the field of aphasiology. In light of the developing field of knowledge translation, it is important to review the aphasia implementation literature to highlight current trends, draw together findings, and determine future implementation research needs.

Aims: To critically review, summarise, and discuss the implementation literature in the field of aphasiology to date, in order to guide clinical aphasiologists to work towards closing the evidence-practice gaps in aphasia management.

Main contribution: A review of the literature in this developing area of expertise in the field of aphasiology, with examples of practical applications.

Conclusions: Only six implementation studies have been published in aphasia (related to conversation partner training, discourse analysis, information provision, and collaborative goal-setting practices), showing there is a need for capacity building in this area. Therefore, we are not yet able to state what interventions are effective in which context, nor fully understand how behaviour change occurs for clinicians providing aphasia management. Implications for speech-language pathologists are discussed. An overarching call to action is the need for clinicians and researchers to work together to drive future implementation efforts that can succeed in closing the aphasia management evidence-practice gaps.     

ICU患者身体约束替代措施的证据总结

目的检索、评价和总结ICU患者身体约束替代措施的最佳证据,为护士减少约束使用提供参考。方法计算机检索国内外数据库、相关网站,检索时限均从建库截至2019年1月,纳入已发布的ICU相关身体约束指南、证据总结、最佳实践信息册、专家共识、推荐实践、系统评价。结果最终纳入6篇文献,其中4篇指南,1篇最佳实践信息册,1篇专家共识。汇总了患者因素管理、治疗设施管理、坠床预防、环境控制、护患关系建立5个大类证据,最终总结出13项最佳证据。结论身体约束替代措施对减少身体约束使用有着重要作用。建议护士在应用证据时,结合多学科团队建议,考虑患者文化背景、临床情景以及国内政策,为患者提供个性化约束护理,达到最大化减少约束,保护患者安全的目的。     

Race to Beat the Heat: Climate Change Impacts Physical Activity

Climate change has led to increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat events with dire consequences for health. These are the deadliest of climate change impacts with preventable mortality from heat-related illnesses and increased threat to safe participation in physical activity and sports. Nurse practitioners can collaborate with community and professional sports health organizations to ensure evidence-based health and safety policies to reduce health-related risks. Adverse consequences on engagement in key health-promoting physical activity and sports may catalyze urgent action to address climate change.     

住院成人患者血压测量袖带尺寸选择的最佳证据总结

目的 根据上臂围选用合适尺寸袖带测量血压的最佳证据进行总结,为临床提供理论参考。方法 根据循证护理的方法确立问题,利用计算机按“6S”证据模型,检索有关血压测量袖带尺寸的选择,包括指南、专家共识、临床决策和证据总结,由4名完成循证护理培训的研究员对纳入的文献独立评价,并对选取出符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取。结果 该研究纳入证据7篇,其中临床实践指南4篇、专家共识2篇、系统评价1篇,对相关证据进行汇总,总结了3方面内容。结论 应加强对医护人员血压测量规范流程的培训,根据患者的上臂围选用尺寸适合的袖带进行血压测量,减少因袖带不当带来的测量误差以减少高血压误诊和漏诊。