NEP1-40和甲基强的松龙联合治疗对脊髓修复的影响

目的：探讨甲基强的松龙（MP）和NEP1-40联合治疗对大鼠脊髓损伤后脊髓的功能恢复的影响。方法：选用SD大鼠60只,随机分为联合治疗组、MP治疗组、NEP1-40治疗组和对照组4组。建立大鼠中段胸部脊髓后半部横切模型。MP的给药方法为术后30 min内经鼠尾静脉给予MP 30 mg/kg,后给予剂量5.4 mg/（kg.h）,持续23 h;NEP1-40的给药方法为术后3 d于硬膜下管给予NEP1-40 12.5μg/（20μl PBS.d）,连续7 d。对照组给予等量生理盐水。不同时间点进行运动诱发电位（MEP）测定和行为学评价。结果：联合治疗组大鼠潜伏期延迟时间较MP、NEP1-40治疗组和对照组短,5 w时接近正常,其P1波的潜伏时间为5.42 ms,N1波的潜伏时间为5.55 ms（P〈0.01）,其BBB运动评分5 w时为17分（P〈0.01）;联合治疗组的空洞面积百分比不到对照组的一半（P〈0.01）;NF200阳性染色的神经元数目为20.19个/1000μm^2。结论：MP和NEP1-40联合治疗可减少病变范围,减轻白质纤维脱髓鞘病变,增多NF200阳性神经元数目,促进神经再生,改善由于脊髓后半横切所引发的脊髓电生理的障碍,促进了脊髓功能恢复。在治疗脊髓损伤时,MP与NEP1-40有协同作用,促进脊髓功能恢复。     

醒脑益智胶囊对乙醇致记忆再现障碍模型小鼠行为学和脑组织SOD、MDA的影响

目的：研究醒脑益智胶囊对乙醇致小鼠记忆再现障碍模型的影响。方法：60只昆明种小鼠随机分为空白对照组,模型组,阳性对照组（石杉碱甲）,醒脑益智胶囊高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。灌胃40%乙醇复制小鼠记忆再现障碍模型,跳台试验和避暗试验测定学习记忆能力,同时测定脑组织中超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果：与模型组比较,醒脑益智胶囊高剂量组能延长小鼠潜伏期,减少5 min内错误次数,提高SOD活力,降低MDA的含量,有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：醒脑益智胶囊有促进记忆和改善乙醇致小鼠记忆再现障碍的作用。     

强迫性上肢训练对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经传导束的影响

目的探讨强制性功能训练对大鼠模型的神经传导束的影响。方法55只雌性SD大鼠随机分成两组：模型自然恢复（NR）组和模型强制训练（CIMT）组。CIMT组每天束缚健侧上肢强制进行滚筒、平衡木、网屏训练;NR组放在相同的自然环境下饲养。CIMT组在术后5d、10d、15d、30d、60d分别训练,行为学评分。最后的时间点各取5只大鼠,分别行核磁共振扫描,取大脑脚和脊髓进行髓鞘染色进行光镜观察。结果CIMT组的平衡能力、协调能力和患侧上肢的肌力较NR组恢复快（P〈0.05）。CI-MT组患侧大脑脚和脊髓的神经纤维明显增粗,较少脱髓鞘,细胞数也略增多。结论CIMT训练可以最大限度地募集患侧存在功能的神经纤维（神经传导束）,降低其脱髓鞘的神经传导束的数目。     

大鼠体力及精神状态评价的行为学新技术

目的：改良传统鼠尾悬吊试验（Tail Suspensi on Test,TST）,通过计算机精确地测定及评估大鼠体力及精神状况,实现行为学的计算机辅助化。方法：以大中型手术创伤复制体力及精神低下的动物模型,41只大鼠随机分为手术创伤组及对照组,并以这两组为验证对象。以Medlab-U多导生物信号记录仪结合传统鼠尾悬吊试验,以计算机辅助化的电子信号波形式记录处于倒挂厌恶条件下大鼠因反抗不适体位或试图逃脱而挣扎时释放的动能及势能,并依据释放的能量提出挣扎域上面积、累积不动时间和单次最长静止时间等三大指标评价该两组大鼠体力耐力及精神方面的差异。结果：改良法三大指标验证手术创伤组术后改变,在该实验中以上三大指标都有显著性差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;与传统法相比,改良法不仅能排除实验人员主观因素导致的误差,使实验结果客观化,增加可信度,而且提高了动物行为学测定效率,更实现了动物行为学试验的自动化、量化。结论：改良法用于测定及评估各种大鼠模型体力及精神情况,方法简单,结果可靠。     

不同强度按压背俞穴对CFS大鼠行为学及体重的影响

目的 探讨不同强度穴位刺激对慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)大鼠行为学及体重的影响.方法 将60只SD大鼠随机分为轻压组、中压组、重压组、抚摸组、模型组和空白对照组,采用剥夺睡眠和力竭游泳制作CFS模型,动态观测不同阶段各组大鼠行为表现和体重的变化.结果 4周的剥夺睡眠和力竭游泳导致大鼠行为学和体重发生变化,基本符合CFS的临...     

纤维环针刺损伤大鼠模型的腰大肌被动拉伸张力变化研究

目的 观察针刺损伤纤维环大鼠腰大肌被动拉伸张力变化及机理.方法 将20只Wistar大鼠随机分为模型组与假手术组,每组10只.模型组采用前入路腹膜手术法针刺损伤L4～5,L5～6两节段纤维环造模;假手术组仅切开腹部皮肤,肌肉暴露椎间盘后缝合.术后分别于第2周、第5周观察2组大鼠行为学表现.于术后5周取双侧腰大肌进行被动拉伸测试,并取L4～5,L5～6椎间盘,进行形态学观察.结果 术后5周大鼠垂直方向运动红外线计数模型组较假手术组减少,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.显微镜下可见模型组椎间盘形态学改变明显,纤维环排列轻度改变,髓核组织稀疏,分布不均,髓核中有大量不定形物质;假手术组椎间盘可见纤维环层次分明,与髓核界线明显,髓核组织呈中央密集分布,周围呈均匀分布,细胞数目较多.右侧腰大肌弹性模量模型组较假手术组减少,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 针刺损伤腰椎间盘后可引发腰大肌被动拉伸张力降低,提示静力平衡结构损伤可能造成动力平衡结构变化.     

Context-dependent hierarchies in pigeons

Hierarchical organization is widespread in the societies of humans and other animals, both in social structure and in decision-making contexts. In the case of collective motion, the majority of case studies report that dominant individuals lead group movements, in agreement with the common conflation of the terms “dominance” and “leadership.” From a theoretical perspective, if social relationships influence interactions during collective motion, then social structure could also affect leadership in large, swarm-like groups, such as fish shoals and bird flocks. Here we use computer-vision–based methods and miniature GPS tracking to study, respectively, social dominance and in-flight leader–follower relations in pigeons. In both types of behavior we find hierarchically structured networks of directed interactions. However, instead of being conflated, dominance and leadership hierarchies are completely independent of each other. Although dominance is an important aspect of variation among pigeons, correlated with aggression and access to food, our results imply that the stable leadership hierarchies in the air must be based on a different set of individual competences. In addition to confirming the existence of independent and context-specific hierarchies in pigeons, we succeed in setting out a robust, scalable method for the automated analysis of dominance relationships, and thus of social structure, applicable to many species. Our results, as well as our methods, will help to incorporate the broader context of animal social organization into the study of collective behavior.     

Ethological assessment of stable and labile social behaviors during acute psychiatric disorders: Clinical applications

Results are presented which illustrate the use of naturalistic observation techniques to study ongoing patterns of postural, gestural, and spacing behaviors among psychiatric patients hospitalized for acute psychiatric disorders. Behavioral frequencies are analyzed in terms of stable and labile characteristics by week of hospitalization, clinical diagnosis, and clinical outcome. Findings are interpreted from both clinical psychiatric and ethological perspectives. The discussion emphasizes the potential value of observational data gathering techniques for disorder assessment and theory development.     

An ethological description of depression

During the last 20 years ethological psychiatric research has developed a working method for the systematic and quantitative recording and analysis of the nonverbal behaviour of psychiatric patients in their actual hospital environment. In this study this method was used to follow changes in the behaviour pattern of 5 depressed, hospitalized patients during their entire hospital stay. Parallel to ethological recording, patients were rated according to Hamilton twice a week. The patients who were most depressed at admission showed the greatest behavioural changes; the changes were most conspicuous in the behavioural elements representing social contact and communication. One patient who obviously developed a new depression during the observation period without this being recognized by the Hamilton rating or the clinical control, seemed to have been better described by the behaviour recording. This study shows that ethological psychiatric methods are very suitable for obtaining a better basis for the observations of the staff in the ward environment.     

还脑益聪方对老龄认知障碍大鼠氧化应激和抗衰老指标作用的研究

目的观察还脑益聪方对动物行为学、病理形态、氧化应激和衰老指标的影响。方法根据Moms水迷宫实验结果结合体质量,从60只老年大鼠中选出正常老年大鼠,并按照分层随机方法分为老年认知障碍（老年模型）组,阳性对照药（盐酸多奈哌齐片,0．49mg／kg）组,中药小剂量（3．78g生药瓜g）、中剂量（7．56g生药／kg）和大剂量（18．90g生药／kg）组,同时另设10只4月龄sD青年大鼠为青年正常组。老年正常组、老年模型组和青年正常组予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,其他组给予相应的药物灌胃,连续灌胃14周。给药结束后,以Moms水迷宫实验测试大鼠学习记忆能力,腹腔麻醉,腹主动脉取血;按照随机原则选取5只大鼠,并取其脑组织（海马）匀浆,检测血清和组织中超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）等氧化应激相关指标;另外5只大鼠脑组织,HE染色和刚果红染色,观察海马组织CAl区形态学变化和淀粉样沉积变化。结果与老年模型组相比,中药大剂量组可显著提高大鼠穿越第四象限的时间和路程（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。与老年模型组大鼠海马区相比,中药大、中和小剂量干预后其病变程度明显减轻,刚果红染色后镜下可见给药后B一淀粉样蛋白（Ap）沉积数量明显减少。与老年模型组比较,中药小、中、大剂量及盐酸多奈哌齐均可提高血清和海马组织中SOD活性,降低MDA含量（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;中药小、大剂量还可显著提高血清和海马中CAT和GSH活性（P〈0．01）,降低海马中B—AP含量（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。中药中、大剂量组血清中GSH—PX活性有增高趋势,但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论自然衰老大鼠学习记忆和空间识别能力减弱,还脑益聪颗粒剂可改善自然衰老大鼠AD模型的学习记忆功能,可保护脑组织海马结构,提高血清及组织中抗氧化能力和T—AOC的活性,减少B—AP的生成。