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1.
现有的非接触式心率检测方法存在噪声干扰、准确率低等问题。针对这些问题,提出一种基于FastICA与改进的自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)相结合的算法,采用人脸视频进行心率检测。用摄像头采集人脸视频,并从视频中提取R、G、B通道源信号,即皮肤颜色变化信号,分别求出RGB这3个颜色通道的像素平均值;然后利用 FastICA对RGB这3组像素平均值进行解混,得到3组独立源信号,再用ICEEMDAN将其中一组独立源信号进行模态分解,并选取合适频段内的固有模式函数(IMF)估计心率的信号,最后用频谱分析计算得到心率。设计实验对8名人员进行了人脸视频检测,将检测结果与多参数监护仪进行对比分析。实验结果表明,该方法与多参数监护仪测量结果的平均误差与均方根误差均小于1 beat/min,因此基于FastICA与ICEEMDAN的人脸视频心率检测对人体心率检测具有良好的稳定性和准确性。  相似文献   
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多通道微电极阵列记录的锋电位(Spike)十分微弱,极易受干扰,其含噪的特性影响了Spike检出的准确率。针对Spike检测过程中通常存在的独立白噪声、相关噪声与有色噪声,本文结合主成分分析(PCA)、小波分析和自适应时频分析,提出PCA-小波(PCAW)与整体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)联合的去噪新方法(PCWE)。首先,利用PCA提取多通道神经信号通道间的主成分作为相关噪声去除;然后利用小波阈值法对独立白噪声进行去除;最后利用EEMD把噪声分解到各层本质模态函数中,对有色噪声进行去除。仿真结果表明,PCWE使信噪比约提高2.67 dB,标准差约减小0.4μV,显著提高了Spike的检出精确率;实测数据结果表明,PCWE能使信噪比约提高1.33 dB,标准差约减小18.33μV,表现出良好的去噪性能。本文研究结果表明,PCWE可以提高Spike信号的可靠性,或可为神经信号的编码解码提供一种新型有效的锋电位去噪方法。  相似文献   
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目的 原发性骨质疏松是一种起病隐匿、病程较长,在中老年人中高发的疾病,其可引起包括骨折在内的一系列严重症状,是我国中老年人致残致死的主要原因之一。与骨质疏松相关的生理检验指标有很多,如何筛选利用这些指标为诊断服务、建立诊断模型,尚未有成熟、统一的方法。方法 利用人工智能相关技术,对临床骨质疏松患者指标使用多种特征相关性算法进行特征选择,并在此基础上提出了一种多层次的集成学习框架:SAB-SVMKNN算法,其通过将内部同质学习器集成和外部异质学习器集成结合,将集成学习中的Boosting算法和Bagging算法使用Stacking进行集成,构建性能更强,适应性更好地诊断预测模型。结果 使用特征选择从原始数据中的31项临床指标中筛选了对于骨质疏松最重要的8种相关特征,通过这种方式使各模型准确率平均提高了9.2%,且该研究对应的模型准确率提升18.6%,最终达到了94.8%的准确率。结论 特征选择对于临床诊断和骨质疏松疾病的研究具有重要意义,该研究构建的预测模型可以有助于提高医生的诊断准确率。  相似文献   
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目的:通过对传染病动力学模型的仿真研究,提升应对传染病疫情处理能力。方法:以SEIR(susceptible-exposed-infected-removed)模型为基础,结合WPF(Windows Presentation Fundation)编程,建立一种具有潜伏期的传染病传播过程的数字化、图形化的仿真模型。以新型冠状病毒肺炎在湖北省的传播过程为例,计算确诊人数、治愈人数、死亡人数的仿真结果与真实数据的误差。结果:仿真模型预测短期数据误差率在3%以内,并能根据现有参数信息仿真未来长期走势;预测结果表明疫情征兆期、暴发期、高峰期确诊人数主要受到潜伏期人群数量影响,衰退期的周期主要受治愈人群康复率影响。结论:基于WPF的SEIR仿真模型可以为突发公共卫生事件防护工作中疫情分析、疫情研判、应急预案提供辅助决策支持。  相似文献   
6.
The detection of seizure onset and events using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are important tasks in epilepsy research. The literature available on seizure detection has discussed the implementation of advanced signal processing algorithms using tools accessed over the cloud. However, seizure monitoring application needs near sensor processing due to privacy and latency issues. In this paper, a real time seizure detection system has been implemented using an embedded system. The proposed system is based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and tunable-Q wavelet transform (TQWT) algorithms. The analysis and classification of non-stationary EEG signals require the wavelet transform with high Q-factor. However, direct use of TQWT increases the computational complexity of feature extraction from multivariate EEG signals. In this paper, the first step is to process the signal by using EEMD to obtain 8 intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The Kraskov (KraEn), sample (SampEn), and permutation (PermEn) entropy features of IMFs are extracted and based on optimum values, and 4 IMFs are decomposed using TQWT. Secondly, centered correntropy (CenCorrEn) features of the 1st and 16th sub-band of TQWT have been used as classifier inputs. The performance of multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and random forest (RF) classifiers has been tested on the multichannel EEG data recorded from a local hospital. The RF classifier has produced the highest accuracy of 96.2% in classifying the signals. The proposed scheme has been employed in developing an embedded seizure detection system to assist neurologists in making seizure diagnostic decisions.  相似文献   
7.
骨质疏松性骨折是老年人发病和死亡的重要原因之一,建立高效的预测模型为老年人尽早提供诊断和治疗建议十分必要。实验利用Stacking构建了一种异构分类器EtDtb-S,将16个相关性较高的特征作为特征向量,选用极端随机树(ET)、基于决策树的装袋集成模型(DTB)作为初级学习器,逻辑回归作为次级学习器进行集成。实验验证将EtDtb-S与单模型、同构分类器进行骨质疏松性骨折预测对比,结果表明异构分类器相对于最优单模型预测精度提高2.8%,相对于最优同构分类器预测精度提高1.5%,具有更高的预测性能。  相似文献   
8.
目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者外周血髓系细胞触发受体-1(TREM-1)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)水平与其发生血管性痴呆(VaD)之间的相关性。方法100例缺血性脑卒中老年患者为观察组,另选择同期100例健康体检者为对照组。检测观察组患者入院时、入院第1天、第3天、第5天及第7天血清TREM-1、MCP-1水平,对照组体检当天测定血清TREM-1及MCP-1水平。根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分将观察组分为无VaD组,轻度、中度和重度VaD组,通过Pearson单因素分析和Loglist回归分析血清MCP-1、TREM-1水平与患者血管性痴呆的相关性,并采用ROC下面积(AUC)分别评价单项指标对患者疾病的预后评估价值。结果观察组患者MCP-1、TREM-1水平及合并高血压病史人数均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者血清MCP-1和TREM-1水平入院第3天、第5天、第7天较入院时和入院第1天降低(P<0.05)。与无VaD组比较,其他组MEP-1和TREM-1水平升高,重度组MCP-1和TREM-1水平高于中度组和轻度组(P<0.05)。缺血性脑卒中患者MoCA评分与血清MCP-1、TREM-1水平呈负相关(r=-0.336、-0.734,P<0.05)。MCP-1、TREM-1水平均是影响缺血性脑卒中患者发生血管性痴呆的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。TREM-1 AUC为0.840,MCP-1 AUC为0.735(P<0.05)。结论缺血性脑卒中患者血清MCP-1、TREM-1水平与血管性痴呆呈负相关,均为影响缺血性脑卒中患者发生血管性痴呆的独立危险因素,对评估缺血性脑卒中患者病情程度、预测预后有重要参考作用。  相似文献   
9.
Nearby grid cells have been observed to express a remarkable degree of long‐range order, which is often idealized as extending potentially to infinity. Yet their strict periodic firing and ensemble coherence are theoretically possible only in flat environments, much unlike the burrows which rodents usually live in. Are the symmetrical, coherent grid maps inferred in the lab relevant to chart their way in their natural habitat? We consider spheres as simple models of curved environments and waiting for the appropriate experiments to be performed, we use our adaptation model to predict what grid maps would emerge in a network with the same type of recurrent connections, which on the plane produce coherence among the units. We find that on the sphere such connections distort the maps that single grid units would express on their own, and aggregate them into clusters. When remapping to a different spherical environment, units in each cluster maintain only partial coherence, similar to what is observed in disordered materials, such as spin glasses.  相似文献   
10.
The prevalent view on whether Ras is druggable has gradually changed in the recent decade with the discovery of effective inhibitors binding to cryptic sites unseen in the native structures. Despite the promising advances, therapeutics development toward higher potency and specificity is challenged by the elusive nature of these binding pockets. Here we derive a conformational ensemble of guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound inactive Ras by integrating spin relaxation-validated atomistic simulation with NMR chemical shifts and residual dipolar couplings, which provides a quantitative delineation of the intrinsic dynamics up to the microsecond timescale. The experimentally informed ensemble unequivocally demonstrates the preformation of both surface-exposed and buried cryptic sites in Ras•GDP, advocating design of inhibition by targeting the transient druggable conformers that are invisible to conventional experimental methods. The viability of the ensemble-based rational design has been established by retrospective testing of the ability of the Ras•GDP ensemble to identify known ligands from decoys in virtual screening.

Situated in a central position of the complex intracellular signaling network, Ras proteins play critical roles in regulating cell growth, differentiation, migration and apoptosis through cycling between the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound inactive and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound active forms (1, 2). Aberrant signaling caused by oncogenic mutations in Ras that break this physiological balance can result in uncontrolled cell proliferation and ultimately the development of human malignancies (3, 4). Despite its well-established role in tumorigenesis and the extensive efforts to target this oncoprotein in past decades, clinically approved therapies remain unavailable. One obstacle to the development of anti-Ras drugs lies in the native structures of active and inactive Ras that lack apparently druggable pockets for high-affinity interactions with inhibitory compounds (57).Both the active and inactive forms of Ras, however, are inherently flexible, populating rare conformers distinct from the native structures and presenting alternative opportunities for drug discovery (811). For example, in GTP-bound active Ras, a major and minor state (termed states 2 and 1, respectively) coexist in solution and exchange on a millisecond timescale, with state 1 showing surface roughness unobserved in the major state (1218). The direct visibility of state 1 in the one-dimensional 31P NMR spectra of active Ras largely facilitated its early discovery and characterization (12, 19). And the available mutants of H-Ras (e.g., T35A), or the homolog M-Ras, which predominantly assume the state 1 conformation, further promoted the atomic-resolution studies of its structure and internal dynamics, as well as the concomitant drug discovery efforts targeting this low-populated conformer (17, 18, 20).In comparison to the intensive studies on active Ras, research on the dynamics of GDP-bound inactive Ras has lagged far behind, presumably due to its high degree of spectral homogeneity with little sign of resonance splitting or exchange broadening at room temperature (21). The previously reported cryptic pockets for covalent and noncovalent inhibitors of Ras•GDP (2224), which are unseen in the compound-free structure, nevertheless indicate that the inactive form is also structurally plastic. The recent relaxation-based NMR experiments carried out at low temperature successfully captured the intrinsic microsecond timescale motions in Ras•GDP, which map to regions that overlap with those rearranged on the binding of inhibitors (11). However, the structural information of the transiently formed excited state, in the form of chemical shifts, is not available from the relaxation measurements, owing to the fast exchange rate on the chemical shift timescale. Moreover, unlike the case of active Ras, there are no known mutations that can stabilize the excited state of Ras•GDP for investigations using conventional biophysical techniques. Thus far, the sparsely populated conformations of inactive Ras derived from its microsecond dynamics remain poorly understood, precluding structure-based rational drug discovery.To address these challenges, in this work we constructed a solution ensemble of Ras•GDP by integrating atomistic computer simulation with diverse NMR experimental parameters containing complementary information about the intrinsic protein motions on timescales from picoseconds to microseconds. This NMR-based ensemble well covers the slow dynamics as probed by spin relaxation and provides an atomic-resolution delineation of thermally accessible conformations, including those bearing surface or buried pockets similar to the cryptic pockets previously observed in the inhibitor-bound forms. The utility of the Ras•GDP ensemble in the development of inhibitors is demonstrated by ensemble-based virtual screening, which achieves an impressive level of enrichment of known binders.  相似文献   
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