慢性泪囊炎患者应用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术的临床效果及对安全性的影响

目的探讨慢性泪囊炎患者应用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术的临床效果及安全性。方法选取2018年1月至2019年12月因慢性泪囊炎于本院接受治疗的46例患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,各23例。对照组接受泪囊鼻腔造口治疗,研究组取鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗,比较两组临床效果、手术指标以及并发症发生情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组术中出血量少于对照组,手术及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论慢性泪囊炎患者采用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗效果显著,并发症较少,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

内镜切除与腹腔镜手术治疗胃间质瘤临床对比分析

目的:比较内镜切除与腹腔镜手术治疗直径为2~5 cm胃间质瘤的临床对比分析，探讨消化内镜治疗较大胃间质瘤的临床应用价值。方法:收集2013年6月至2018年6月我院病理诊断为胃间质瘤的78例患者临床资料，其中内镜组45例，腹腔镜组33例，比较二者的一般资料、围手术期及随访等情况。结果:两组在年龄、性别、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤危险程度分级上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；内镜组肿瘤直径［（3.13±0.83)cm］较腹腔镜组［（3.67±1.03)cm］小，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组在完整切除率上差异无统计学意义；内镜组手术时间、术后排气时间、术后住院时间、住院总费用均小于腹腔镜组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；内镜组并发症发生率为17.8%，较腹腔镜组（6.1%）高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。内镜组术后随访（22.4±15.4）个月，腹腔镜组术后随访（24.7±17.5）个月，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。随访期间，内镜组均未发生复发、转移和死亡，腹腔镜组1例术后14个月复发，两组在复发、转移及死亡率上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:内镜下治疗2~5 cm直径的胃间质瘤创伤小、恢复快、疗效好，预后和腹腔镜无差异，但是内镜组手术主动穿孔与被动穿孔发生率较高，但均能成功缝合，不影响预后及经济性，内镜下治疗较大直径的胃间质瘤有望成为开腹手术及腹腔镜手术之外的方式之一，更广泛应用于临床。     

鼓膜大穿孔耳内镜下鼓膜成形术的临床报告

目的探讨对鼓膜大穿孔病例应用耳内镜下单纯鼓膜成形术的疗效。方法选取2015年9月-2018年1月收治的鼓膜大穿孔患者43例(46耳),耳内镜下采取耳屏软骨-软骨膜进行鼓膜成形术,对鼓膜愈合及听力情况进行评价。结果 43耳鼓膜愈合,3耳未愈合,愈合率93.5%,听力改善患者满意,1例出现迟发性面瘫,药物治疗后恢复,其余均无并发症出现。结论耳内镜下应用耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔操作相对简单,能抵近观察,手术成功率高,比显微镜下手术更具优势,利于年轻医师上手,值得临床推广。     

Simethicone use during gastrointestinal endoscopy: Position statement of the Gastroenterological Society of Australia

Concern has been raised regarding the use of simethicone, a de‐foaming agent, during endoscopic procedures. Following reports of simethicone residue in endoscope channels despite high level disinfection, an endoscope manufacturer recommended that it not be used due to concerns of biofilm formation and a possible increased risk of microorganism transmission. However, a detailed mucosal assessment is essential in performing high‐standard endoscopic procedures. This is impaired by bubbles within the gastrointestinal lumen. The Gastroenterological Society of Australia's Infection Control in Endoscopy Guidelines (ICEG) Committee conducted a literature search utilizing the MEDLINE database. Further references were sourced from published paper bibliographies. Following a review of the available evidence, and drawing on extensive clinical experience, the multidisciplinary ICEG committee considered the risks and benefits of simethicone use in formulating four recommendations. Published reports have documented residual liquid or crystalline simethicone in endoscope channels after high level disinfection. There are no data confirming that simethicone can be cleared from channels by brushing. Multiple series report benefits of simethicone use during gastroscopy and colonoscopy in improving mucosal assessment, adenoma detection rate, and reducing procedure time. There are no published reports of adverse events related specifically to the use of simethicone, delivered either orally or via any endoscope channel. An assessment of the risks and benefits supports the continued use of simethicone during endoscopic procedures. Strict adherence to instrument reprocessing protocols is essential.     

“保胆”理念正误

胆囊切除术是公认的胆囊良性疾病的治愈手段，国内外学术界对于手术适应证和手术时机已有明确共识。近年来，“保胆手术”治疗胆囊良性疾病颇受热议，一些医生将“保护胆囊”的学术观点等同于“保留胆囊”的手术技术，这种误解可能导致病人出现差异性的预后。因此，临床医师应明晰“保护胆囊”理念与“保胆手术”的差别，对胆囊良性疾病的诊疗原则有正确的理解和应用。     

37所医院消化内镜超声探头清洗消毒现况调查

目的 了解目前国内消化内镜超声探头的清洗消毒现状及存在的问题。方法 采用问卷调查的方式对全国范围内37所医院的消化内镜超声探头清洗和消毒灭菌情况进行调查。结果 70.27%的医院内镜超声探头数量为1~3条，奥林巴斯品牌最多（72.97%），48.65%的医院内镜中心每日使用探头的患者例数为0~5例；83.78%的医院采用专人清洗消毒内镜超声探头，人员主要以护理员为主（51.35%）；清洗方法以"酶洗-擦洗-擦干"为主（89.19%），清洗时间以>1 min为主（62.16%）；83.78%的医院内镜超声探头消毒方式为化学消毒剂浸泡，其中以邻苯二甲醛（70.27%）和全浸泡消毒（48.65%）为主；消毒时间以≥ 5 min为主（56.76%）；27.03%的医院对内镜超声探头进行灭菌，其中以"一用一灭菌"（21.62%）和过氧乙酸浸泡10 min（10.81%）为主；消毒灭菌后的内镜超声探头主要放置在内镜储存柜（56.76%）；78.38%的医院对当日拟使用的内镜超声探头进行再次消毒；56.76%的医院从未对消毒后的内镜超声探头进行消毒效果监测。结论 37所医院对内镜超声探头清洗和消毒灭菌情况存在一定差异，建议尽快制定内镜超声探头清洗消毒相关国家标准，规范内镜超声探头的清洗消毒流程。     

钨针电刀在耳内镜鼓膜修补手术中的应用

目的探讨钨针电刀在耳内镜鼓膜修补手术中的应用。方法选取2018年8月-2019年8月住院行耳内镜鼓膜修补的患者85例。其中采用外耳道皮瓣刀行外耳道内切口的40例为对照组,采用钨针电刀行外耳道内切口的45例为观察组,对比分析两组患者手术中和手术后效果。结果观察组比较对照组切口时间短、切口出血量少、术中镜头擦拭次数少、术中止血海绵粒使用量小,两组差别具有统计学意义(t=-13.6、-9.0、-7.6、-12.8、P<0.05);两组患者在术后愈合时间,外耳道狭窄程度方面差别不大,无统计学意义。观察组缺点是电刀使用过程中会产生烟雾,需要助手辅助吸引烟雾。结论钨针电刀小巧灵活,精细准确,具有减少切口出血,缩短手术时间的优点,适合在耳内镜外耳道手术中推广应用。     

内窥镜技术辅助下髁突骨折治疗新进展

髁突骨折是颌面部骨折中较为常见的类型,其治疗目前还具有争议。关节内窥镜的应用已有上百年的历史,但在颌面部的应用却刚起步,它的出现为髁突骨折的治疗带来新的局面。     

Simultaneous dental implant placement and endoscope-guided internal sinus floor elevation: 2-year post-loading outcomes

Aims: To determine whether endoscope‐guided sinus elevation procedures can be consistently used to create sufficient bone support for stable implant placement and long‐term implant success. Material and methods: Sixty‐two implants were surgically placed into 30 patients (14 men and 16 women) following internal sinus elevation without the use of graft material. Panoramic radiographs were made pre‐, post‐operative and after 24 months in order to evaluate the peri‐implant bone and maxillary sinuses. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was used to evaluate implant stability immediately upon placement and just before prosthesis delivery. Results: The average pre‐operative height of the maxillary alveolar bone was 8.4±2.2 mm at the premolar and 7.3±3.1 mm at the molar regions. The average bone gain was 3.5±1.8 and 4.5±1.9 mm in the premolar and molar sites, respectively. Clinical parameters and the RFA (4 and 12 weeks post‐operative) outcomes show sufficient stability (ISQ=60) of the inserted implants. Three implants failed during the healing period of 12 weeks. The overall implant success rate was 94%. After loading, no further implant failure was observed. The overall success rate after beginning of implant loading was 100%. Conclusions: Sinus floor elevation is a well‐established procedure for augmentation of the atrophic maxillary posterior region. The minimally invasive internal sinus floor elevation procedure visually guided by an endoscope helped to prevent, diagnose and manage complications such as sinus membrane perforation. The clinical outcomes of this study show that endoscope‐controlled internal sinus floor elevation combined with implant placement results in low intra operative trauma, good implant stability upon placement, low incidence of post‐operative symptoms and high success rates after 24 months of loading.     

内镜下胰腺包裹性坏死物质清除术的中西医结合护理体会

目的探讨中西医结合护理模式在内镜下胰腺包裹性坏死物质清除术中的应用。方法10例重症胰腺炎胰腺包裹性坏死患者行内镜下包裹性坏死清创引流术,围手术期应用中西医结合的护理模式,观察治疗成功率及并发症情况。西医的特色护理主要是术中的护理配合,中医的特色护理是综合使用穴位按摩、针灸、中药等中医学手段,改善患者的术前精神状况、睡眠情况,防治术后出血、腹胀、腹痛等并发症。结果9例经内镜治疗成功,成功率90.0%,有1例行开腹手术治疗,未发生严重并发症和死亡。结论内镜下胰腺包裹性坏死物质清除术安全有效,中西医结合的护理模式在内镜下胰腺包裹性坏死物质清除术的围手术护理中有良好疗效。