Association of Multimodal Pain Control with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Children Undergoing Surgery

IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.     

Glutamate infusion associated with reduced rises of p-Copeptin after coronary surgery: Substudy of GLUTAMICS II

Background

Glutamate plays a key role for post-ischaemic recovery of myocardial metabolism. According to post hoc analyses of the two GLUTAMICS trials, patients without diabetes benefit from glutamate with less myocardial dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Copeptin reflects activation of the Arginine Vasopressin system and is a reliable marker of heart failure but available studies in cardiac surgery are limited. We investigated whether glutamate infusion is associated with reduced postoperative rises of plasma Copeptin (p-Copeptin) after CABG.

Methods

A prespecified randomised double-blind substudy of GLUTAMICS II. Patients had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.30 or EuroSCORE II ≥3.0 and underwent CABG ± valve procedure. Intravenous infusion of 0.125 M L-glutamic acid or saline at 1.65 mL/kg/h was commenced 10–20 min before the release of the aortic cross-clamp and then continued for another 150 min P-Copeptin was measured preoperatively and postoperatively on day one (POD1) and day three. The primary endpoint was an increase in p-Copeptin from the preoperative level to POD1. Postoperative stroke ≤24 h and mortality ≤30 days were safety outcomes.

Results

We included 181 patients of whom 48% had diabetes. The incidence of postoperative mortality ≤30 days (0% vs. 2.1%; p = .50) and stroke ≤24 h (0% vs. 3.2%; p = .25) did not differ between the glutamate group and controls. P-Copeptin increased postoperatively with the highest values recorded on POD1 without significant inter-group differences. Among patients without diabetes, p-Copeptin did not differ preoperatively but postoperative rise from preoperative level to POD1 was significantly reduced in the glutamate group (73 ± 66 vs. 115 ± 102 pmol/L; p = .02). P-Copeptin was significantly lower in the Glutamate group on POD1 (p = .02) and POD 3 (p = .02).

Conclusions

Glutamate did not reduce rises of p-Copeptin significantly after moderate to high-risk CABG. However, glutamate was associated with reduced rises of p-Copeptin among patients without diabetes. These results agree with previous observations suggesting that glutamate mitigates myocardial dysfunction after CABG in patients without diabetes. Given the exploratory nature of these findings, they need to be confirmed in future studies.     

端粒长度与认知障碍及其中药治疗的研究现况

认知障碍是指记忆、语言、理解和判断等一个或多个方面的功能障碍,包括轻度认知障碍和各种类型的痴呆症。痴呆症是认知障碍最严重的表现,是一种导致患者日常生活、社会交往和工作能力发生显著变化的综合征。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆症类型,其次是血管性痴呆(VD)和其他神经退行性痴呆[1]。已知年龄与认知功能的退化密切相关。     

Out of the boxes,out of the silos: The need of interdisciplinary collaboration to reduce poor-quality medical products in the supply chain

In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.     

女性压力性尿失禁风险预测的研究进展

综述女性压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)风险预测的研究进展。指出女性SUI风险预测相关文献普遍存在风险预测工具和指标缺乏临床大样本验证,指标、纳入人群不统一的现象,风险预测模型存在构建过程未按报告规范进行,未进行完整的模型验证以及模型性能评价指标不规范的情况。未来研究可以在现有风险预测工具或模型的基础上进行改进、完善,以期为女性SUI风险预测提供参考。     

中低度近视FS-LASIK、SMILE及ICL植入术的效果比较

目的比较飞秒激光制瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)、全飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)和有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL V4c)植入术三者矫正中低度近视的效果。方法采用回顾性研究。以惠州爱尔眼科医院2019年6月至2020年4月矫正中低度近视120例(120眼)作为研究对象,受术者分为FS-LASIK组、SMILE组及ICL组,每组40例(40眼),各组分别接受相应的手术,术后随访3个月比较其矫正效果。结果术后1个月及3个月,3组间视力及有效性指数对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ICL组安全性指数高于SMILE组及FS-LASIK组(P<0.05)。术后3个月FS-LASIK组的三叶草像差、彗差和球差出现明显变化,而SMILE组的变化较小,ICL组变化最小(P<0.05)。结论对中低度近视FS-LASK、SMILE及ICL植入术三者均有确切疗效,而ICL V4c植入术的安全性最高,患者的视觉质量最好。     

Particularidades del abordaje transcanal endoscópico de los tumores benignos de oído medio en adultos

Background and objectiveMinimally invasive surgery of benign middle ear tumours is possible by using the endoscope. The optimal lighting and the broadest vision it offers, allow a transcanal approach to these rare tumours. The objective of this work is to summarize its key points through a case series.Materials and methodsRetrospective study of benign middle ear tumours that underwent exclusive endoscopic surgery in a third-level adult university hospital between June 2018 and June 2020. Postoperative follow-up was performed by otoendoscopy and audiometry.ResultsSix patients underwent surgery during the study period. Five patients were female and one male, with an average age of 57.8 years (± 21.9). Four tumours were in the left ear and 2 in the right ear. These included 4 tympanic paragangliomas (3 type I and one type II), a chorda tympani neuroma, and a congenital cholesteatoma. There were no serious postoperative complications. At present, no tumour recurrence has been found in either case, with a minimum follow-up of 7 months.ConclusionsThe present study adds evidence on the safety and efficacy of endoscopic transcanal ear surgery, as a minimally invasive technique, for the treatment of benign middle ear tumours confined to the tympanic cavity.