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分析和探讨放射卫生机构在核辐射卫生应急体系中发挥的作用。通过对比发现,核辐射紧急医学救援基地多由取得放射卫生技术服务(甲级)资质或放射性疾病诊断机构资质的单位承担建设任务。放射卫生机构在平时工作中积累的辐射监测、污染检测、剂量估算、健康效应评价等技术能力可在核辐射卫生应急处置中发挥重要作用,实现能力建设的“平急结合”。建议各级放射卫生机构继续发挥自身所长,通过参加放射卫生监测项目的机会提高自身能力,并积极参与放射卫生技术机构检测能力考核,为核辐射卫生应急工作做好人才和技术储备。  相似文献   
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摘要:目的  了解镇江市丹徒区2010—2021年突发公共卫生事件流行特征,有效提升防控水平和应对能力。方法  通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集镇江市丹徒区2010—2021年突发公共卫生事件数据,采用描述流行病学方法对事件的级别、类型、传播途径及三间分布等进行分析。结果  2010—2021年镇江市丹徒区共报告突发公共卫生事件14起,病例数589例,罹患率4.21%(589/13 992),包括一般(Ⅳ级)事件6起(占42.86%),未分级事件8起(占57.14%);均为传染病类突发事件,其中丙类传染病11起(占78.57%)。发生时间主要集中在3—6月,报告事件10起(占71.43%),11—12月报告4起(占28.57%);地区分布以农村为主,报告事件12起(占85.71%);场所分布以学校为主,报告事件13起(占92.86%)。报告时间中位数为7.63 d,持续时间中位数为12.48 d,报告时间越迟,事件持续时间越长(rs=0.754,P<0.05)。结论  近年来,镇江市丹徒区突发公共卫生事件以丙类传染病为主,今后要加强对农村、学校等重点地区和场所的监测与预警,以有效应对突发公共卫生事件的发生。  相似文献   
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To assess the training received in Emergency Medicine (EM) by the Primary Health Care physicians of Asturias, as well as their perception of their own theoretical knowledge and practical skills in a series of procedures employed in life-threatening emergencies, and also to analyze the differences according to gender. The degree of preparation of Primary Health Care physicians for handling emergencies, according to the gender of the professionals, has never been studied before.Cross-sectional study of a sample of 213 Primary Health Care physicians from the Primary Health Care Service of Asturias, Spain, from among the total of 851 physicians on the staff of the Primary Health Care Service of Asturias. The survey was design ad hoc using the Body of Doctrine of Emergency Medicine proposed by the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine, which indicates the theoretical and practical procedures that must be mastered by the Primary Health Care physicians.There are nonsignificant differences in the mean of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in many procedures or techniques studied depending on the gender.Female and male Asturian Primary Health Care physicians are generally well prepared to handle life-threatening emergencies. The degree of self-perception and acquisition of general theoretical knowledge and general practical skills for handling life-threatening emergencies is heterogeneous, and differences according to gender are not statistically significant.  相似文献   
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《Indian heart journal》2021,73(4):487-491
IntroductionThe time from symptom onset to arrival at healthcare facility, and door to reperfusion time in treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be improved significantly if the patient or the relatives can record a 12-lead ECG at home and transmit it to the physician for prompt interpretation. To make this widely applicable, the 12-lead ECG recording device has to be simple and user friendly. In this regard, torso ECG (T-ECG) electrode positions that are less cumbersome than the conventional ECG (C-ECG) electrode positions are an alternative worthy of consideration.Objectiveand setting: To study the utility of T-ECG versus C-ECG in ACS patients.Designand intervention: We proposed torso electrode positions in which upper limb electrodes were placed in the respective deltopectoral grooves below the lateral end of the clavicle; the right lower limb electrode was placed 2 finger breadths above the umbilicus and the left lower limb electrode, 2 finger breadths to the left of the umbilicus. We then studied the ECGs recorded, to ascertain whether T-ECGs miss or over-diagnose ACS changes. Twelve lead ECGs were recorded by both techniques (C-ECG & T-ECG) in 1361 patientsfrom the coronary care unit & out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 1526 sets of ECGs (each set consisting of one C-ECG and one T -ECG) were read by two trained cardiologists independently and in a blinded fashion. There were 457 ECG sets from 342 patients with ACS. Of these, 116 ECG sets from 112 patients of anterior infarction who had changes restricted to precordial leads were excluded. Finally, 341 ECG sets from 230 patients with ACS and 324 sets of patients diagnosed to be normal on C-ECG were considered for the purpose of this study.Main resultsAll 341 ECG sets from the 230 patients of ACS diagnosed by C-ECG were correctly diagnosed by T-ECG (100% sensitivity) and all 324 normal ECGs on C-ECG were also identified as normal on T-ECG (100% specificity). Of the ACS ECGs, ST elevation was seen in 234 ECGs and ST depressions 154 ECGs. The localizations of ST elevation and ST depression were also accurately diagnosed by the T-ECG.ConclusionThe ECG recorded by our novel proposed torso electrode positions is comparable to a conventional ECG for the diagnosis of ACS.  相似文献   
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近期新型冠状病毒肺炎肆虐,正在严重威胁人们的身体健康和生命安全。政府作为应对突发公共卫生事件的主体,在疫情爆发初期存在信息沟通不畅、防控工作效率不高和民众依从性不理想等局限性,因此政府需要充分发挥社会力量。社区作为疫情防控的第一道防线,在疫情防控中具有信息收集及时准确、防控措施执行精准和社会动员效率高等优势,在应对突发公共卫生事件中的作用日渐显现。应充分发挥社区在疫情防控中的基础作用,完善城市社区防控体系建设,使其成为预防与控制疾病的重要堡垒,意义重大。  相似文献   
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IntroductionThirty-eight million patients with injuries are treated in Emergency Departments every year, 90% of them being in the form of unintentional injuries (UIs). There are currently no global records of its management in Spain, or the risk factors that may be associated with them. The objective of this study is to describe the management of UIs in Spanish paediatric emergency departments, and to analyse factors related to the presence of serious injuries.Material and methodsA sub-study of a prospective multicentre observational study conducted over 12 months in 11 hospitals of the Spanish Paediatric Emergency Research Group (RiSEUP-SPERG), including children from 0 to 16 years of age consulting for UIs. Epidemiological data, circumstances of the injury, and data on emergency care and discharge destination were recorded on the 13th day of each month.ResultsA total of 10,175 episodes were recorded, of which 1,941 were UIs (19.1%), including 1,673, of which 257 (15.4%) were severe. The most frequent complementary test was simple radiography (60.0%), and the most frequent procedure was limb immobilisation (38.6%). A significant relationship was found between presenting with a severe UI and age > 5 years (OR 2.24; 95% CI: 1.61-3.16), history of fracture (OR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.22-3.43), or sports activity as a mechanism of injury (OR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.29-2.38), among others.ConclusionIn Spain, most UIs are not serious. X-rays and immobilisation of extremities are the most frequently performed tests and procedures. Severe UIs were associated with individual factors, such as age > 5 years or history of fracture, and with sports activity as a mechanism associated with severity. It is vital to implement measures to improve the prevention of these injuries and to support the training of caregivers through educational programmes.  相似文献   
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医院医疗设备管理是医院后勤工作的重要职能之一,尤其是在应对突发性公共卫生事件中是保障整个医院工作正常开展的重要环节。认真做好设备管理工作,才能为医院医疗与行政活动的正常运转提供基本保障。  相似文献   
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