水蛭地龙提取液治疗急性脑梗死的作用机制及疗效

目的探讨水蛭地龙提取液(extractliquorfromhirudoandearthworm,ELHE)治疗急性脑梗死的作用机制及疗效。方法78例急性脑梗死患者被随机分为2组:对照组38例,进行基础治疗;治疗组40例,在基础治疗的同时静脉给予ELHE(20ml+等渗盐水250ml,静脉滴注,1次/d,连续2周)。观察2组脑梗死患者治疗前、后神经功能评分、Barthel指数及活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)、纤溶酶原激活物的抑制剂(PAI1),以及血栓烷B2(TXB2)、6酮前列腺素(6KetoPG)Flα的变化。结果ELHE组患者经过14d治疗,其神经功能缺失评分由9.4±4.0下降为3.3±1.2,Barthel指数由25.9±4.6升高为67.4±2.8,APTT、PT分别由(28.2±3.8)s、(12.2±3.5)s延长为(42.0±5.2)s、(19.5±2.1)s,血浆tPA含量及活性分别由(10.1±1.2)μg/L、(0.27±0.03)KIU/L升高为(15.3±2.1)μg/L、(0.57±0.12)KIU/L,血浆PAI1含量及活性由(47.8±4.6)μg/L和(0.77±0.12)KAU/L下降为(44.2±3.0)μg/L和(0.68±0.11)KAU/L,血栓烷B2由(228.4±48.9)ng/L降低为(152.7±44.4)ng/L,6KetoPGF1a由(21.9±6.3)ng/L升高为(33.8±6.4)ng/L,与对照组比较差异均有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论ELHE具有明显抗凝、促纤溶、抑制血小板聚集,改善血液循     

Earthworm biomarker responses on exposure to commercial cypermethrin

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control, disease vector control, and food safety. It accumulates in soil. Therefore, traces of cypermethrin may frequently appear in vegetables grown in contaminated soil. There is a push now to develop biomarkers as early warning indicators of environmental pollution. In this study, DNA damage (tail DNA%, tail length, and olive tail moment), the micronucleus, neutral red retention (NRR) time, and pinocytic adherence ability of coelomocytes were investigated in Pheretima peguana earthworms exposed to cypermethrin in filter paper tests. The NRR time of earthworm coelomocytes decreased significantly at a concentration of 3.5 × 10^?3 µg · cm^?2 (1/100 LC₅₀) after 48 h exposure, with a highly negative correlation with cypermethrin concentration. Pinocytic adherence ability of coelomocytes also declined significantly at a cypermethrin concentration of 3.5 × 10^?2 µg · cm^?2 (1/10 LC₅₀). The DNA damage to earthworm coelomocytes (tail DNA%, tail length, and olive tail moment) increased considerably at the highest concentration (3.5 × 10^?1 µg · cm^?2) although the correlation between tail DNA% and cypermethrin concentration was low. Thus, physiological biomarkers were more sensitive than the genotoxic effects in earthworms exposed to commercial cypermethrin. Although a suite of earthworm biomarkers could be used to evaluate cypermethrin terrestrial pollution, the NRR test is easier to conduct and a more sensitive indicator. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 597–606, 2015.     

地龙的鲜品和干品可溶性蛋白及纤溶酶活性的对比研究

目的:对比研究地龙的鲜品和干品的可溶性蛋白及纤溶酶活性.方法:采用Bradfold方法测定蛋白含量,SDS-PAGE进行蛋白谱带的分析,并采用琼脂糖-纤维蛋白平板法进行纤溶酶活性的测定.结果:以干燥品计,鲜品的蛋白提取率为( 13.89±0.86)％,蛋白含量为(63.14±0.38)％,体外纤溶酶活性为(8 743 ±17) IU·g-1;干品蛋白提取率为(9.82±0.75)％,蛋白含量为(45.16 ±0.12)％,体外纤溶酶活性为(206±14) IU·g-1；SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果显示,鲜品共显示12条蛋白谱带,干品的谱带较少,且不清晰.结论:鲜地龙的可溶性蛋白提取率、含量及体外纤溶酶活性均明显高于干品,且蛋白组分有较大的差异.     

Full-driving soft robotic colonoscope in compliant colon tissue

Robotic colonoscopy is an efficient examination method for finding malignant tumour in its early stage. This research developed a novel robotic endoscope with 13?mm diameter, 105?mm length and 22.3?g weight. A contact biomechanical model is proposed to increase the locomotion safety and efficiency in the soft tissue. The model shows that the friction difference between the robot and the tissue is a key factor to locomotion capability. A soft, full bellow with excellent compatibility was designed to package the robot body. The bellow increased the static friction and decreased the kinetic friction given the change in the contact state. The bellow is divided into three segments. Each segment is composed of a linear locomotor with micromotor, turbine-worm and wire wrapping–sliding mechanism. The robot is tested in in vivo pig colon, which revealed an excellent locomotion capability and safety in soft tissues.     

Interaction of citrate‐coated silver nanoparticles with earthworm coelomic fluid and related cytotoxicity in Eisenia andrei

Understanding the interaction of nanoparticles with biological fluid is important for predicting the behavior and toxicity of nanoparticles in living systems. The earthworm Eisenia andrei was exposed to citrate‐coated silver nanoparticles (cAgNPs), and the interaction of cAgNPs with earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF), the cytotoxicity of cAgNPs in earthworm coelomocytes was assessed. The neutral red retention assay showed a reduction in lysosomal stability after exposure. The toxicity of silver ions dissolved from cAgNPs in the soil medium was not significant. The aggregation and dissolution of cAgNPs increased in ECF, which contains various electrolytes that alter the properties of nanoparticles, and their subsequent toxicity. Microscopic and dissolution studies demonstrated that the aggregation of cAgNPs rapidly increased, and readily dissolved in ECF. The bioavailability of cAgNPs to earthworms induced lysosomal cytotoxicity. This is the first report to test the interaction and lysosomal cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in earthworm biofluids. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蛭龙活血方对颈动脉粥样硬化并血瘀证患者临床疗效观察

目的:观察蛭龙活血方对颈动脉粥样硬化并血瘀证患者的临床疗效。方法:65例入选病人随机分为两组,对照组予口服辛伐他汀治疗,治疗组予蛭龙活血方加辛伐他汀治疗,疗程90天。观察患者治疗前后血瘀证候评分、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血液流变学、颈动脉血流动力学指标和内膜中膜厚度(IMT)变化。结果:治疗组治疗后血瘀证候评分明显减轻,hs-CRP和血液流变学水平明显好转,颈动脉血流动力学和IMT指标明显改善,与对照组比较上述指标也有明显好转(P0.05或P0.01)。相关分析显示IMT与收缩峰期血流速度(PSV)和舒张期末血流速度(EDV)呈负相关,与hs-CRP呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:蛭龙活血方能改善颈动脉粥样硬化并血瘀证患者的临床表现,减缓动脉硬化的进展。     

赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia Foelide)纤维素酶的初步研究

将赤子爱胜蚓整体组织匀浆的抽提液,经Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤、DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换及在FPLC仪上用Mono Q柱分离,可以纯化到多种组分的纤维素酶,研究了它们的酶学性质,证明均为C_X酶。     

蚯蚓提取物对小鼠脾脏抗体形成细胞的影响

作用定量溶血分光光度法（ＱＨＳ）同时测定正常和荷瘤ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠各４０只脾脏抗体形成细胞的变化，观察蚯蚓提取物对Ｂ细胞介导的免疫应答的影响。结果表明，蚯蚓提取物连续灌胃７ｄ后，使正常小鼠脾脏抗体形成细胞由１．１１７±０．０３５增至１．２９１±０．１０３（ＯＤ值）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；荷瘤小鼠由１．０４５±０．０６２增至１．３４３±０．１７３（Ｐ＜０．０１）．提示蚯蚓提取物能调节Ｂ细胞的增殖和分...     

Toxicity of Nickel to the Earthworm and the Applicability of the Neutral Red Retention Assay

The toxic effects of nickel on survival, growth, and reproduction of Eisenia veneta were investigated following 4 weeks of exposure to a nickel-chloride spiked loamy sand soil. The ability of a simple earthworm biomarker, the lysosomal membrane stability of coelomocytes, to reflect nickel exposure was also studied. Nickel caused a significant toxic effect on E.veneta at soil concentrations above 85 mg Ni/kg. Reproduction (cocoon production) was the most sensitive parameter being reduced at soil concentrations above 85 mg Ni/kg (EC10 = 85 mg Ni/kg). Survival of adults was only reduced at concentrations above 245 mg Ni/kg, while adult and cocoon wet weight were not affected by soil nickel concentrations up to 700 mg Ni/kg. The lysosomal membrane stability, measured as neutral-red retention time, was reduced at soil nickel concentrations similar to those that reduced reproduction, and demonstrated a dose-response relationship. The neutral-red retention time showed large individual variation for the earthworms within each exposure concentration. It was concluded that the lysosomal membrane stability, measured as neutral red retention time, has a potential role in risk assessment, but care should be taken conducting this test.     

Additive effects of earthworm extract with HpD-laser on the enhancement of reactive oxygen production and the inhibition of[~3H]—thymidine.uptake in mouse ascitic tumor cells

The effects of combined use of earthworm extract(912)and HpD-laser on the produc-tion of reactive oxygen and the biosynthesis of DNA in S_(180) tumor cells were studied throughchemiluminescence measurement and[~3H]-TdR incorporation assay.The results showed that as com-pared with the control,the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted by tumor cells treatedsimultaneously with 912 and HpD-laser was enhanced more than ten-folds,while that treated with912 or HpD-laser alone was increased only 2～4 folds.The[~3H]-TdR incorporation into tumorcells of the former group was inhibited upto 74.1%,and that of the latter groups decreased onlyby 42.2% and 40.0%,respectively.In accordance with these biochemical changes,the ultrastructuraldamage of tumor cells of the former,combinedly treated group appeared to be the most serious.This suggests an additive effect of 912 with HpD-laser on tumor cells.In addition,if free radicalscavengers,such as catalase and superoxide dismutase,were added to the reaction systembefore chemiluminescence assay,the luminescent enhancement effect mentioned above was dramaticallyalleviated,implying the presence of O_2~ and H_2O_2 in the system.Therefore,as to the toxic effecton tumor cells,912 and HpD-laser are not only additive in efficiency,but also similar in theunderlying mechanism of action.