Olas de calor,temperatura ambiente y riesgo de infarto de miocardio: un estudio ecológico en la Comunidad de Madrid

Introduction and objectivesEpisodes of extreme heat are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in chronically-ill patients but there is a need to clearly establish the relationship between extreme heat and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and maximum temperature, in particular during heat wave alert periods (HWAP).MethodsThe population studied consisted of confirmed STEMI cases registered in the Infarction Code of the Community of Madrid between June 2013 and June 2017. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) adjusted for trend and seasonality and 95%CI were estimated using time series regression models.ResultsA total of 6465 cases of STEMI were included; 212 cases occurred during the 66-day period of HWAP and 1816 cases during the nonalert summer period (IRR, 1.14; 95%CI, 0.96-1.35). The minimum incidence rate was observed at the maximum temperature of 18 °C. Warmer temperatures were not associated with a higher incidence (IRR,1.03; 95%CI, 0.76-1.41), whereas colder temperatures were significantly associated with an increased risk (IRR, 1.25; 95%CI, 1.02-1.54). No effect modification was observed by age or sex.ConclusionsWe did not find an increased risk of STEMI during the 66 days of HWAP in the Community of Madrid between June 2013 and June 2017. However, an increased risk was found during colder temperatures. No extra health resources for STEMI management are required during periods of extreme heat, but should be considered during periods of cold weather.     

Cold,dry air is associated with influenza and pneumonia mortality in Auckland,New Zealand

The relationship between weather and influenza and pneumonia mortality was examined retrospectively using daily data from 1980 to 2009 in Auckland, New Zealand, a humid, subtropical location. Mortality events, defined when mortality exceeded 0·95 standard deviation above the mean, followed periods of anomalously cold air (t_a.m. = ?4·1, P < 0·01; t_p.m. = ?4·2, P < 0·01) and/or anomalously dry air (t_a.m. = ?4·1, P < 0·01; t_p.m. = ?3·8, P < 0·01) by up to 19 days. These results suggest that respiratory infection is enhanced during unusually cold conditions and during conditions with unusually low humidity, even in a subtropical location where humidity is typically high.     

Discharge Planning in the Era of Climate Change

We are living in an era of climate change, which has a tremendous impact on the health of our patients. Therefore, radiological nurses should be aware of and address climate change–related problems that impact patient health, such as heat, air quality, drought, wildfires, increased precipitation, and extreme weather. This article highlights the concerns and consequences of climate change on patients discharged from interventional radiological and other outpatient settings. Recommendations for discharge planning are provided to support, protect, and promote the health of patients in radiological services.     

Probabilistic classification learning with corrective feedback is associated with in vivo striatal dopamine release in the ventral striatum,while learning without feedback is not

The basal ganglia (BG) mediate certain types of procedural learning, such as probabilistic classification learning on the ‘weather prediction task’ (WPT). Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), who have BG dysfunction, are impaired at WPT‐learning, but it remains unclear what component of the WPT is important for learning to occur. We tested the hypothesis that learning through processing of corrective feedback is the essential component and is associated with release of striatal dopamine. We employed two WPT paradigms, either involving learning via processing of corrective feedback (FB) or in a paired associate manner (PA). To test the prediction that learning on the FB but not PA paradigm would be associated with dopamine release in the striatum, we used serial ¹¹C‐raclopride (RAC) positron emission tomography (PET), to investigate striatal dopamine release during FB and PA WPT‐learning in healthy individuals. Two groups, FB, (n = 7) and PA (n = 8), underwent RAC PET twice, once while performing the WPT and once during a control task. Based on a region‐of‐interest approach, striatal RAC‐binding potentials reduced by 13–17% in the right ventral striatum when performing the FB compared to control task, indicating release of synaptic dopamine. In contrast, right ventral striatal RAC binding non‐significantly increased by 9% during the PA task. While differences between the FB and PA versions of the WPT in effort and decision‐making is also relevant, we conclude striatal dopamine is released during FB‐based WPT‐learning, implicating the striatum and its dopamine connections in mediating learning with FB. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5106–5115, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中成药国家基本药物保障供应综合评估模型的探索与研究

中药价格暴涨暴跌,短期上涨对投料质量的影响不容忽视,另一方面,中药的生产严格受到资源的限制,许多中成药工业生产都因资源不足或禁用而被迫停止。该研究围绕《国家基本药物目录(2012年版)》中的203种中成药,通过分析影响中药基本药物供应的因素,设计了7个中药基本药物供应保障预警指标,基于中药资源普查和动态监测服务体系数据,提出了一种基于雷达图分析法的多指标综合评估模型,为中药基本药物的供应保障情况做出全局性、整体性的评价,评估结果简明、清晰、直观。以九味羌活丸和感冒清热颗粒为实例,验证了所提出的综合评估方法简明、清晰、直观、可信,具有实际意义。     

Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Pollinosis in Jeju,Korea: Is It Increasing?

Jeju is an island in South Korea located in a temperate climate zone. The Japanese cedar tree (JC) has become the dominant tree species while used widely to provide a windbreak for the tangerine orchard industry. An increase in pollen counts precedes atopic sensitization to pollen and pollinosis, but JC pollinosis in Jeju has never been studied. We investigated JC pollen counts, sensitization to JC pollen, and JC pollinosis. Participants were recruited among schoolchildren residing in Jeju City, the northern region (NR) and Seogwipo City, the southern region (SR) of the island. The JC pollen counts were monitored. Sensitization rates to common aeroallergens were evaluated by skin prick tests. Symptoms of pollinosis were surveyed. Among 1,225 schoolchildren (49.6% boys, median age 13 years), 566 (46.2%) were atopic. The rate of sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (35.8%) was highest, followed by D. farinae (26.2%), and JC pollen (17.6%). In the SR, 156 children (23.8%) were sensitized to JC pollen; this rate was significantly higher than that in the NR (59 children, 10.4%, P<0.001). A significant increment in the sensitization rate for JC pollen with increasing school level was observed only in the SR. JC pollen season in the SR started earlier and lasted longer than that in the NR. JC pollen season in Jeju was defined as extending from late January to mid-April. The prevalence of JC pollinosis was estimated to be 8.5%. The prevalence differed significantly between the NR and SR (5.3% vs 11.3%, P<0.001), mainly due to the difference in sensitization rates. JC pollen is the major outdoor allergen for early spring pollinosis in Jeju. JC pollen season is from late January to mid-April. Warmer weather during the flowering season scatters more JC pollen in the atmosphere, resulting in a higher sensitization rate in atopic individuals and, consequently, making JC pollinosis more prevalent.     

非接触式医疗监测雷达研究进展

介绍了非接触式医疗监测雷达相比于传统的呼吸和心电监护仪的优势,从3种不同雷达体制的角度总结回顾了近10 a来医用生命监测雷达系统的研究现状,概括比较了呼吸和心跳信号的提取、分离、杂波抑制等算法,并指出了各种算法的优缺点,最后对非接触式生命监测雷达的发展趋势进行了探讨和展望.     

天津地区气象因素对不同人群血压影响的探索研究

[目的]初步探讨气温、相对湿度、天气状况等气象因素对1级高血压、正常高值血压及正常血压人群血压影响的规律。[方法]同期筛选天津市符合纳入排除标准的1级高血压、正常高值血压及正常血压受试者各10例,每日规定时间点测量并连续记录血压1 a;同步记录血压测量期间天津市的气象数据,建立数据库,运用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。[结果]1级高血压组日均收缩压(SBP)、日均舒张压(DBP)和正常高值血压组日均SBP与候均温、日平均气温及相对湿度均呈负相关(r-0.5,P0.05);1级高血压组及正常高值血压组晨SBP与候平均气温、日平均气温及相对湿度负相关程度均最高(r-0.6,P0.01)。1级高血压组SBP、DBP与正常高值血压组SBP升高与雾霾相关(P0.05)、降低与雨天相关(P0.05)。[结论]气象因素对1级高血压、正常高值血压人群血压有明显影响,需加强气象因素变化时对该两组人群早晨血压的管理。