肝豆状核变性所致精神障碍患者的综合护理干预

目的：探讨肝豆状核变性所致精神障碍患者的护理干预效果。方法对36例肝豆状核变性所致精神障碍患者在进行驱铜及抗精神病药物治疗的同时,予以综合护理干预。结果本组患者接受治疗及综合护理干预后,躯体症状均得到缓解,精神症状得到不同程度的控制。结论肝豆状核变性所致精神障碍患者在常规驱铜及抗精神病药物治疗的基础上,予以综合护理干预,能显著改善患者的临床症状,提高生活质量。     

氧气驱动雾化吸入在支气管哮喘急性发作患者中的综合应用价值探讨

目的:分析氧气驱动雾化吸入在支气管哮喘急性发作中的综合应用价值.方法:将180例来本院接受雾化吸入治疗的支气管哮喘急性发作患者随机分为两组,随机分为两组,对照组和观察组各90例.雾化吸入的药物均为沙丁胺醇和布地奈德,其中对照组采用超声雾化吸入法,观察组则采用氧气驱动雾化吸入法.比较两组间疗效及临床症状缓解时间差异,比较治疗前后两组间肺功能及血清炎症因子水平差异.结果:观察组临床控制率和治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,观察组发热、咳嗽、气喘、哮鸣音及肺部啰音等临床症状缓解时间明显短于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后第3、7天,观察组最大呼气峰流速(PEF)、第1S用力呼气容量(FEV1)大于对照组,而肺泡-动脉氧分压差(PA-aDO2)和呼吸指数(RI)则明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组血清炎症因子白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-a)水平均低于对照组,差均异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:氧气驱动雾化吸入能更有效的改善支气管哮喘急性发作者的炎症状态和肺功能,相比于超声雾化吸入能促进哮喘急性发作症状更快更好的缓解.     

Efficient genome editing in the olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, causes great damage to the quality and quantity of olive production worldwide. Pest management approaches have proved difficult for a variety of reasons, a fact that has brought about a need for alternative tools and approaches. Here we report for the first time in B. oleae the development of the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing tool, using the well‐known eye colour marker gene scarlet. Two synthetic guide RNAs targeting the coding region of the scarlet gene were synthesized and shown to work efficiently in vitro. These reagents were then microinjected along with purified Cas9 protein into early‐stage embryos. Successful CRISPR‐induced mutations of both copies of the scarlet gene showed a striking yellow eye phenotype, indicative of gene disruption. Multiple successful CRISPR events were confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The establishment of an efficient CRISPR‐based gene editing tool in B. oleae will enable the study of critical molecular mechanisms in olive fruit fly biology and physiology, including the analysis of insecticide resistance mechanisms and the discovery of novel insecticide targets, as well as facilitate the development of novel biotechnology‐based pest control strategies.     

Central drive and ventilatory failure in late-onset Pompe disease: At the gates of a new phenotype

Subjects with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) typically present as slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness. Respiratory muscle weakness and diaphragmatic paralysis are common features, and may be the initial manifestation of the disease. There is often a poor correlation between the severity of limb and respiratory muscle weakness. Early clinical observations about disproportionate hypercapnia to the respiratory muscular weakness in late-onset Pompe disease were recognized and will be discussed with special reference to blunted respiratory drive, and the connections between early clinical observations, respiratory functional studies and anatomical findings. According to new evidence about blunted respiratory drive in Pompe disease, it is necessary to rethink what is meant by “asymptomatic Pompe disease” and propose a new phenotype with its therapeutic implications. The conceptual model of the mechanisms leading to respiratory failure in this disease could be considered according to these new findings. It may broaden the diagnostic spectrum of the adult forms and warrants a closer interaction between neurologists and pulmonologists. The recognition of this new phenotype of predominant central alveolar hypoventilation in Pompe disease will improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ventilatory failure and could lead to improved future therapeutic strategies.     

大黄甘草汤胶囊剂急性毒性及药效学实验研究

目的考察大黄甘草汤胶囊剂的药效及安全性,为临床应用奠定基础。方法最大给药量法考察大黄甘草汤胶囊剂的急性毒性,昆明小鼠1 d内分别ig给予1、2、3次最大剂量(0.2 g/mL,25 mL/kg)的大黄甘草汤胶囊剂,即低、中、高剂量组(n=10)。7 d后,通过测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平,计算肝脏、肾脏指数,进行肝组织HE染色观察,评价其急性毒性。炭末推进实验法评价大黄甘草汤促进胃肠道蠕动效应。结果与对照组比较,大黄甘草汤胶囊剂低、中、高剂量组的肝脏指数和肾脏指数均没有明显差异(P0.05);小鼠血清中ALT、AST没有明显变化(P0.05);肝组织病理切片未见异常现象。炭末推进实验,给药中剂量组小鼠小肠的推进率为(77.54±4.29)%,显著高于对照组[(64.74±5.17)%,P0.01]。结论制备的大黄甘草汤胶囊剂,短期内服用肝脏无损伤,具有较高的安全性;且该制剂有明显的泻下作用,能够有效地促进小鼠胃肠道的蠕动。     

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on neuroplasticity in corticomotor pathways of the tongue muscles

The aim of this study is to investigate effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on neuroplasticity in corticomotor pathways related to tongue muscles evoked by a training task using the tongue drive system (TDS). Using a crossover design, 13 healthy participants completed two sessions of tDCS while performing 30 min of TDS training. Sessions were spaced at least 2 weeks apart and participants randomly received anodal and sham tDCS stimulation in the first session and the other condition in the second session. Single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the tongue at three time‐points: before, immediately after and 30 min after training. Participant‐based reports of fun, pain, fatigue and motivation, level of difficulty and effort were evaluated on numerical rating scales. There was no consistent significant effect of anodal and sham stimulation on single or paired pulse stimulation MEP amplitude immediately or 30 min after TDS training. Irrespective of tDCS type, training with TDS induced cortical plasticity in terms of increased MEP amplitudes for higher stimulus intensities after 30 min compared with before and immediately after training. Participant‐based reports revealed no significant difference between tDCS conditions for level of fun, fatigue, motivation, difficulty and level of effort but a significant increase in pain in the anodal condition, although pain level was low for both conditions. In conclusion, tongue MEP amplitudes appear to be sensitive to training with the tongue using TDS; however, anodal tDCS does not have an impact on training‐evoked neuroplasticity of tongue corticomotor pathways.