非瓣膜性心房颤动合并重度三尖瓣反流的危险因素分析

目的:探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)合并重度三尖瓣反流(TR)患者的临床特征及危险因素。方法:连续入选2016年1月至2019年12月就诊于我院的290例合并TR的NVAF患者,87例NVAF合并重度TR患者为重度TR组,男性35例,平均年龄(73.5±9.0)岁;203例NVAF合并轻-中度TR患者作为对照组,男性114例,平均年龄(66.2±10.9)岁。比较两组的临床特征,采用Logistics回归分析评估重度TR的危险因素。结果:290例NVAF患者中,30.0%合并重度TR,41.0%合并中度TR,29.0%合并轻度TR。与对照组相比,重度TR组年龄大[(73.5±9.0)岁vs(.66.2±10.9)岁]、心房颤动病程长[4.5(2.0,10.0)年vs.3.0(2.0,7.0)年]、心功能差、持续性心房颤动(96.6%vs.73.4%)及女性(59.8%vs.43.8%)比例高,同时心房扩大、肺动脉压升高及二尖瓣反流更明显(P均<0.05)。Logistics多因素回归分析显示,重度TR与年龄(OR=1.060,95%CI:1.020~1.102)、女性(OR=4.727,95%CI:1.977~11.306)、持续性心房颤动(OR=6.873,95%CI:1.419~33.297)、右心房左右径(OR=1.202,95%CI:1.117~1.293)相关(P均<0.05)。右心房左右径≥45.5 mm可预测重度TR,诊断敏感度为0.712,特异度为0.697;ROC曲线下面积为0.763(95%CI:0.696~0.831,P<0.001)。结论:NVAF合并重度TR的危险因素包括老年、女性、持续性心房颤动、右心房左右径扩大。     

医患共同决策在慢性肾衰竭治疗中的应用现状

医患共同决策模式在全世界得到了广泛认同和重视。应用共同决策模式能够提高患者对疾病的认知、提高患者的依从性和满意度、改善治疗结局、缓解医患关系并控制医疗花费。本文对共同决策在慢性肾衰竭治疗决策领域的应用现状做一介绍,分析中国在慢性肾衰竭诊疗过程中实施共同决策的挑战并给出建议,以帮助更多肾脏内科医务工作者认识并参与和实践共同决策,实现以患者为中心的医疗服务理念。     

The efficacy of interventions aimed at improving post-partum bonding: A review of interventions addressing parent-infant bonding in healthy and at risk populations

Parent-infant bonding during the postpartum period allows babies to start establishing a relationship with their parents from birth, and it also plays an important role in child development. As the failure to building a close and positive bond is typically associated with poorer neuropsychological, behavioural, emotional, and social development from infancy to adulthood, early interventions that support parent-infant bonding seem particularly important. This review aims to determine and describe the effectiveness of interventions addressing parent-infant bonding during the postpartum period. Papers that were published between 2007 and 2017, written in English, and focused on an intervention aimed at improving postpartum parent-infant bonding were identified and assessed, concerning their eligibility for inclusion; thirteen such interventions met inclusion criteria and analysed. These studies addressed parent-infant bonding interventions, both in normative and at-risk situations, relative to both parents and their babies, and evaluated the impact of different strategies, such as educational and behavioural programs, psychosocial interventions, programs providing instruction in specific techniques, and interventions based on neurostimulation techniques. The heterogeneous methodologies employed by the various studies failed to enable us to pursue deep comparative analyses across our findings; this reflects a limitation that must be considered in further research aimed at implementing and evaluating future interventions.     

Niven and Scott (2003): Sixteen years of hindsight

This paper revisits a 2003 publication in Nursing Philosophy: The need for accurate perception and informed judgement in determining the appropriate use of the nursing resource: hearing the patient's voice. The author suggests that the basic ideas and focus of this 16‐year‐old paper are still topical and relevant in considerations of nursing care. However, it is also suggested that greater attention to the importance of the nurse–patient relationship in considerations of resource allocation, and potential rationing of nursing care, would have strengthened the original paper.     

Discovery and validation of plasma proteomic biomarkers relating to brain amyloid burden by SOMAscan assay

IntroductionPlasma proteins have been widely studied as candidate biomarkers to predict brain amyloid deposition to increase recruitment efficiency in secondary prevention clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Most such biomarker studies are targeted to specific proteins or are biased toward high abundant proteins.Methods4001 plasma proteins were measured in two groups of participants (discovery group = 516, replication group = 365) selected from the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study, all of whom had measures of amyloid.ResultsA panel of proteins (n = 44), along with age and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, predicted brain amyloid deposition with good performance in both the discovery group (area under the curve = 0.78) and the replication group (area under the curve = 0.68). Furthermore, a causal relationship between amyloid and tau was confirmed by Mendelian randomization.DiscussionThe results suggest that high-dimensional plasma protein testing could be a useful and reproducible approach for measuring brain amyloid deposition.     

基于“通肾络、益脾肾”治法研究足细胞凋亡及自噬

[目的]基于中医"通肾络、益脾肾"治法,探讨通络益肾方对体外高糖培养的小鼠肾小球足细胞自噬和凋亡蛋白SIRT1、BNIP3、P62、Bax表达的调控影响。[方法]成熟无特定病原体(SPF)级SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为正常组、中药高、中、低剂量组各10只。按照人与大鼠体表面积折算方法计算出大鼠所需中药灌胃浓度:高剂量浓度4.76 g/mL、中剂量浓度2.38 g/mL、低剂量浓度1.19 g/m L,灌胃10 d取含药血清备用。足细胞分6组,正常组5.6 mmol/L葡萄糖+10%正常大鼠血清、高糖组30mmol/L葡萄糖+10%正常大鼠血清、通络益肾方含药血清高、中、低干预组30 mmol/L葡萄糖+10%高、中、低剂量大鼠血清、高渗组甘露醇24.5 mmol/L+10%正常大鼠血清。细胞培养48 h后收集,Hoechst33342荧光染色,观察各组足细胞凋亡状况及形态变化;流式细胞仪检测足细胞凋亡率;Western Blot检测细胞内自噬标志蛋白SIRT1、P62及促凋亡蛋白BNIP3、Bax表达水平。[结果]流式细胞仪检测结果显示通络益肾方中、低剂量组可降低高糖诱导的足细胞凋亡率(P0.01或P0.05),高剂量组不能改善凋亡情况(P0.05);Hoechst33342荧光染色观察结果也证实通络益肾方中、低剂量组可降低高糖诱导的足细胞凋亡率;蛋白印迹结果显示,与高糖组相比,通络益肾方中、低剂量组自噬标志蛋白SIRT1表达升高,自噬标志蛋白P62及促凋亡蛋白BNIP3、Bax蛋白表达下降(P0.05或P0.01),高剂量组SIRT1、BNIP3、P62、Bax蛋白表达未见明显改变(P0.05)。[结论]中剂量、低剂量通络益肾方能够启动细胞自噬减少高糖刺激下体外培养足细胞凋亡,降低细胞凋亡率及凋亡蛋白的表达。