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王付超  林乐岷 《安徽医药》2022,26(11):2171-2174
真空辅助乳腺活检系统( VABB)由美国食品与药品监督管理局于 1995年批准应用于乳腺肿物的活检。该系统包括内外套针、旋切刀、传送装置、真空抽吸泵、控制器及相关软件等组成。 VABB可在多种影像学引导下(乳腺超声、 MRI、X线)对乳腺病灶切除活检。起初 VABB系统主要应用于乳腺病灶的活检,如早期乳腺癌的诊断。由于 VABB通过影像学引导下精确完整切除病灶,能够获得足够量的组织样本进行病理学检查,因此广泛应用于良性乳腺疾病的治疗,如良性乳腺肿瘤的切除、乳腺炎、乳腺整形手术等,成为乳腺微创手术的重要手段。  相似文献   
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ObjectiveWomen are increasingly informed about their breast density due to state density reporting laws. However, accuracy of personal breast density knowledge remains unclear. We compared self-reported with clinically assessed breast density and assessed knowledge of density implications and feelings about future screening.MethodsFrom December 2017 to January 2020, we surveyed women aged 40 to 74 years without prior breast cancer, with a normal screening mammogram in the prior year, and ≥1 recorded breast density measures in four Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium registries with density reporting laws. We measured agreement between self-reported and BI-RADS breast density categorized as “ever-dense” if heterogeneously or extremely dense within the past 5 years or “never-dense” otherwise, knowledge of dense breast implications, and feelings about future screening.ResultsSurvey participation was 28% (1,528 of 5,408), and 59% (896 of 1,528) of participants had ever-dense breasts. Concordance between self-report versus clinical density was 76% (677 of 896) among women with ever-dense breasts and 14% (89 of 632) among women with never-dense breasts, and 34% (217 of 632) with never-dense breasts reported being told they had dense breasts. Desire for supplemental screening was more frequent among those who reported having dense breasts 29% (256 of 893) or asked to imagine having dense breasts 30% (152 of 513) versus those reporting nondense breasts 15% (15 of 102) (P = .003, P = .002, respectively). Women with never-dense breasts had 6.3-fold higher odds (95% confidence interval:3.39-11.80) of accurate knowledge in states reporting density to all compared to states reporting only to women with dense breasts.DiscussionStandardized communications of breast density results to all women may increase density knowledge and are needed to support informed screening decisions.  相似文献   
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三阴性乳腺癌是一类缺乏雌激素受体、孕激素受体和人表皮生长因子受体 2(HER2)表达的乳腺癌亚型,其临床特 征为恶化程度高、易复发、转移率高和生存率低。 此类乳腺癌占所有乳腺癌病例数的 15% ~ 20%,治疗缺乏有效靶点。 代谢异 常是肿瘤疾病的重要特征之一,因此,从代谢途径分析三阴性乳腺癌的特点是个体化营养治疗的新方向。 三阴性乳腺癌细胞 中的营养物质代谢,尤其是氨基酸代谢,不同于正常细胞,且与其他亚型的乳腺癌细胞也不尽相同。 本文综述了三阴性乳腺 癌细胞中氨基酸代谢特点及相关调控机制,发现谷氨酰胺/ 谷氨酸、胱氨酸/ 半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸水平 与正常细胞或其他类型肿瘤细胞相比有所差异,氨基酸之间的转化和转运也处于异常调控状态。 基于此特点,通过对目标氨 基酸的限制来调控相应代谢途径,可能会对三阴性乳腺癌的治疗产生良好的效果。 目前,营养剥夺已成为肿瘤细胞的辅助治 疗策略,疾病代谢特征的深入研究对于找到营养治疗的靶点有着重要的意义。  相似文献   
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目的:探究延续护理在乳腺癌化疗患者居家管理中的应用。方法:选择时间为2020年7月至2022年6月,我院收治的乳腺癌患者100例,依据不同护理方式划分成观察组(延续护理干预的方式),病程(6~40)个月,平均(26.70±2.15)个月,年龄(31~55)岁,平均(40.44±2.06)岁,均为女性;对照组(常规护理),病程(6~38)个月,平均(26.67±2.13)个月,均为女性,年龄(32~56)岁,平均(40.38±2.02)岁,各50例。比较分析两组间的心理状态、生活质量评分、护理满意度、自理能力等。结果:观察组的焦虑、抑郁评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组社会、环境、躯体、心理均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组中患者对护理总满意率48例(96.00%)高于对照组的34例(68.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的自护技能、健康知识水平、责任感和自护概念评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对乳腺癌患者,通过采用延续护理干预模式,对患者临床疗效的提升、心理状态指标的改善、生活质量的提升意义重大,同时能够提升患者对护理的满意程度,适合应用于临床推广。  相似文献   
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PurposeIdentification of women with hereditary forms of cancer allows for precision medicine approaches to improve survival. Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) women in the US general population are less likely to undergo genetic testing or utilize risk-reducing strategies. Whether these disparities exist within the equal-access US military healthcare system is not known.MethodsGenetic test information and surgical procedures were extracted for all NHB and Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) with invasive breast cancer. National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria from the year of diagnosis were assessed for all patients. Data were analyzed using chi-square analysis with P < .05 defining significance.ResultsNHB were significantly (P = .009) more likely to meet criteria for genetic testing compared to NHW, however, test uptake did not differ significantly between populations (P = .292). While 81% of both populations with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants elected for double mastectomy, NHW were two times more likely to undergo risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that when barriers, such as cost and lack of insurance, were removed, NHB were as willing to pursue testing as their NHW counterparts. Increasing the availability of testing and clinical management for NHB with hereditary forms of cancer may help reduce disparate survival seen in the US general population.  相似文献   
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We propose a Deep learning-based weak label learning method for analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained tumor tissue not requiring pixel-level or tile-level annotations using Self-supervised pre-training and heterogeneity-aware deep Multiple Instance LEarning (DeepSMILE). We apply DeepSMILE to the task of Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and microsatellite instability (MSI) prediction. We utilize contrastive self-supervised learning to pre-train a feature extractor on histopathology tiles of cancer tissue. Additionally, we use variability-aware deep multiple instance learning to learn the tile feature aggregation function while modeling tumor heterogeneity. For MSI prediction in a tumor-annotated and color normalized subset of TCGA-CRC (n=360 patients), contrastive self-supervised learning improves the tile supervision baseline from 0.77 to 0.87 AUROC, on par with our proposed DeepSMILE method. On TCGA-BC (n=1041 patients) without any manual annotations, DeepSMILE improves HRD classification performance from 0.77 to 0.81 AUROC compared to tile supervision with either a self-supervised or ImageNet pre-trained feature extractor. Our proposed methods reach the baseline performance using only 40% of the labeled data on both datasets. These improvements suggest we can use standard self-supervised learning techniques combined with multiple instance learning in the histopathology domain to improve genomic label classification performance with fewer labeled data.  相似文献   
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In patients treated by orbital wall decompression for endocrine orbitopathy (EO) there is limited evidence on the effect of orbital wall resections. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of one, two, and three-wall resections on orbital parameters to determine if any such correlations exist. Preoperative and postoperative data from all patients at a tertiary care centre who underwent decompression surgery from 2010 - 2020 were digitally analysed. The effect of the number and area of resected walls on orbital area, orbital volume, and Hertel value, and the effect of lateral rim advancement (LARA) were determined. A total of 131 orbital areas showed an increase from a mean (SD) preoperative area of 42.0 (4.6) cm2 to 47.3 (6.1) cm2 postoperatively (p<0.001). In total, the mean (SD) area of osseous wall removed in all patients was 6.2 (1.7) cm2 at the lateral orbit (n = 129), 6.7 (2.3) cm2 at the orbital floor (n = 123), and 5.8 (1.8) cm2 at the medial orbital wall (n =30). The mean (SD) orbital volume increased by 6.0 (3.0) cm3 after decompression. There was also a significant reduction in exophthalmos of 7.3 (3.2) mm (from 25.2 (3.9) to 17.9 (3.5), p<0.001). LARA was performed in 50 patients. Changes in volume and area, and reduction in exophthalmos were not significantly different with or without LARA. The postoperative effects of orbital wall resection are predictable and exhibit a relation with six units of change. Two-wall resection is the most common intervention.  相似文献   
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