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1.
Regional differences in oesophageal motor function 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract We tested the hypotheses that oesophageal bolus transit and motor function vary regionally, with bolus viscosity and with body position. In healthy volunteers, we measured the bolus head advance time, bolus presence time and bolus transit time in the proximal and distal oesophagus using water and viscous materials. We compared concurrent manometric responses. Bolus head advance time, bolus presence time and bolus transit time were longer in the distal oesophagus during water and viscous swallows in the upright and supine positions. The total bolus head advance time and transit time, measured across the entire oesophageal body, were shorter for water than viscous swallows. The amplitudes of peristaltic pressure waves were lower for viscous swallows, and varied as a function of region. These studies demonstrated true functional differences between the proximal and distal oesophagus using multichannel intraluminal impedance and that the viscosity of the bolus is a determinant of oesophageal function. 相似文献
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摘要: 目的 探讨 “Y” 形及半 “Y” 形延髓梗死患者的临床和影像学特点, 并对两者的临床特点进行对比分析。方法 对我院神经内科收治的11例延髓腹、 中及背三部分 (VMD) 同时发生梗死的延髓内侧梗死 (MMI) 患者进行回顾性分析。结果 11例累及VMD的MMI患者中, 6例发生双侧梗死, 呈 “Y” 形; 单侧梗死者5例, 呈半 “Y” 形。延髓 “Y” 形梗死组常见的症状和体征为饮水呛咳或吞咽困难 (6例)、 头晕或眩晕、 肢体无力、 构音障碍 (5例)、 感觉障碍 (5例)、中枢性呼吸障碍 (3例) 等。延髓半 “Y” 形梗死组常见的症状和体征为头晕或眩晕、 肢体无力、 构音障碍 (4例)、 感觉障碍 (4例) 等, 2组间吞咽困难及呼吸困难发生比例差异明显。“Y” 组和半 “Y” 组梗死存在椎动脉先天变异均较常见, 均为3例。MMI患者除呼吸衰竭者外预后可。结论 延髓 “Y” 形梗死患者出现吞咽困难及呼吸衰竭比例远高于延髓半 “Y” 形梗死患者, 一侧椎优势的椎动脉变异是VMD同时受累的MMI患者的重要解剖基础。 相似文献
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Nami Ogawa Takashi Mori Ichiro Fujishima Hidetaka Wakabayashi Masataka Itoda Kenjiro Kunieda Takashi Shigematsu Shinta Nishioka Haruka Tohara Minoru Yamada Sumito Ogawa 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(6):516-522
Background
Sarcopenic dysphagia is characterized by difficulty swallowing due to a loss of whole-body skeletal and swallowing muscle mass and function. However, no study has reported on swallowing muscle mass and quality in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia.Objective
To compare the differences in swallowing muscle mass and quality between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic dysphagia.Method
A cross-sectional study was performed in 55 older patients, who had been recommended to undergo dysphagia assessment and/or rehabilitation. Sarcopenic dysphagia was diagnosed using a diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic dysphagia. The thickness and area of tongue muscle and geniohyoid muscle (coronal plane and sagittal plane), and the echo-intensity of the tongue and geniohyoid muscles were examined by ultrasound.Results
The study participants included 31 males and 24 females (mean age of 82 ± 7 years), with 14 having possible sarcopenic dysphagia, 22 probable sarcopenic dysphagia, and 19 without sarcopenic dysphagia. The group with sarcopenic dysphagia had a significantly lower cross-sectional area and area of brightness of the tongue muscle than that observed in the group without sarcopenic dysphagia. The most specific factor for identifying the presence of sarcopenic dysphagia was tongue muscle area (sensitivity, 0.389; specificity, 0.947; cut-off value, 1536.0), while the factor with the highest sensitivity was geniohyoid muscle area brightness in sagittal sections (sensitivity, 0.806; specificity, 0.632; cut-off value, 20.1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the area of the tongue muscle and its area of brightness were independent risk factors for sarcopenic dysphagia. However, geniohyoid sagittal muscle area and area of brightness showed no significant independent association with sarcopenic dysphagia.Conclusion
Tongue muscle mass in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia was smaller than that in patients without the condition. Sarcopenic dysphagia was also associated with increased intensity of the tongue muscle. 相似文献9.
目的观察一体化可携带~(125)I粒子双链鼻饲营养管用于治疗食管癌合并Ⅳ级吞咽困难的效果。方法对10例食管癌合并Ⅳ级吞咽困难患者采用介入导管技术开通食管闭塞段,沿导丝送入新型一体化携~(125)I粒子双链鼻饲营养管,使粒子段跨越食管闭塞段,行近距离放射治疗;统计技术成功率、临床成功率、术前与术后3天剂量学参数等指标;术后2个月根据Karnofsky评分、Neuhaus吞咽困难分级评价治疗效果,共随访半年观察疗效。结果 10例均顺利置入携~(125)I粒子双链鼻饲营养管,技术成功率100%,临床成功率70%,无严重并发症。术前与术后90%肿瘤靶区(GTV)剂量(D_(90%))、GTV最小边缘剂量(mPD)、GTV接受200%及100%处方剂量的体积百分比(V_(200%)、V_(100%))、适形指数(CI)及靶区外体积指数(EI)差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后2个月Karnofsky评分、Neuhaus分级均较术前明显改善(P均0.01),肿瘤局部控制率70%。随访半年,再发食管梗阻1例,死亡2例,7例未复发。结论一体化可携带~(125)I粒子双链鼻饲营养管可同时实现胃肠营养和近距离放疗,用于治疗食管癌合并Ⅳ级吞咽困难患者安全有效。 相似文献