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1.

Setting:

National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis clinics in Chennai and Madurai, India.

Objective:

To examine the pattern of serial smears (negative-negative [NN], negative-positive [NP], positive-negative [PN], positive-positive [PP]) during treatment follow-up of culture-confirmed new smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) patients, and the proportion of culture-negatives in each category.

Design:

We reviewed the records and extracted follow-up smear (fluorescent microscopy) and culture (Löwenstein-Jensen) results of patients enrolled in clinical trials from January 2000 to August 2012 and treated with the Category I regimen (2EHRZ3/4HR3). Data entry and analysis were performed using EpiData.

Results:

Among 520 patients (176 infected with the human immunodeficiency virus), the proportions of culture-negative patients with NN, discordant (PN or NP) and PP patterns were approximately 98%, 80% and 40%, respectively. The smear-positive culture-negative phenomenon was more frequent in follow-up smear results graded 1+, followed by 2+ and 3+.

Conclusion:

There is justification for discontinuing the examination of second specimens during treatment follow-up among TB patients. However, a positive result on the first smear needs to be confirmed by a second positive result before making clinical management decisions. The World Health Organization may need to reconsider its recommendation on this issue.  相似文献   
2.
结节病是一种原因未明的、多系统受累的肉芽肿性疾病,以呼吸系统受累多见.其临床表现多样,缺乏特异性,病理表现为非干酪样坏死性肉芽肿,需排除其他病因后方能确立诊断.在中国这样一个结核病高发的国家,结节病与痰结核菌阴性结核病的鉴别诊断尤其困难,是一个非常值得研究的问题.  相似文献   
3.
Bartonella quintana, known to cause various clinical symptoms, is increasingly recognized as one important cause of culture-negative endocarditis. We report a case of infectious endocarditis with B. quintana on the prosthetic valve, accompanied by proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive collagen vascular disease-like symptoms 1 year earlier.  相似文献   
4.
目的 探讨血培养阴性感染性心内膜炎(IE)的临床诊断、外科手术时机选择和围手术期处理的策略。方法 回顾性分析2008年7月至2012年7月武汉亚洲心脏病医院收治的240例IE患者的临床资料,根据血培养结果分组,其中血培养阴性组158例,男88例、女70例,年龄(51.3±10.1) 岁;血培养阳性组82例,男45例、女37例,年龄(48.9±9.8) 岁。所有患者均行手术治疗,术中彻底清除赘生物、被破坏的瓣膜,切除瓣环邻近的坏死组织,同期行心瓣膜置换术或心内修补术。术后住ICU进行常规监护,给予强心、利尿、对症治疗,足量应用抗生素4~6周。结果 两组患者死亡4例,1例为低心排血量综合征、3例死于多器官功能衰竭,其中血培养阳性组死亡1例,血培养阴性组死亡3例,两组病死率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.15,P=0.70)。其余患者均康复顺利出院;所有患者均进行随访6~36个月(中位随访时间22个月),其中2例死亡,1例于手术后2年死于脑梗塞,1例于术后3年死于脑出血。结论 血培养阴性IE炎患者应予广谱抗生素治疗,迅速控制病情,给予足够的量和时间,积极手术治疗,降低院内死亡率,改善患者生活质量和预后。  相似文献   
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The incidence of infective endocarditis continues to rise with a yearly incidence of around 15,000 to 20,000 new cases in the USA. As a result, rapid diagnosis, effective treatment and prompt recognition of complications are essential to desirable clinical outcomes. Recent guidelines such as the Duke criteria have incorporated echocardiography for diagnosis of infective endocarditis, making this diagnostic test mandatory for patients with suspected infective endocarditis. The diversity of pathogens that can cause infective endocarditis, some of which cannot be cultured easily, makes diagnosis even more difficult. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans streptococci groups continue to be the major causative microorganisms of infective endocarditis. In the case of culture-negative endocarditis or infective endocarditis caused by fastidious microorganisms, the polymerase chain reaction and probe-based diagnostic methods are available to clinical reference laboratories.  相似文献   
8.
ObjectiveTo better characterize the changing patterns of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in a tertiary academic center in the United States by identifying the prevalence of gram-positive organisms and cephalosporin resistance along with predictors of mortality and antibiotic drug resistance.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed 481 consecutive patients with SBP at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2016. Data on comorbid conditions, etiology of cirrhosis, factors predisposing to infection, and antimicrobial and antibiotic drug use were collected.ResultsWe identified 96 patients (20%) with culture-positive SBP requiring treatment (median age, 60 years; age range, 22-87 years; 44% men). Gram-positive organisms account for more than half of the cases. Overall resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was 10% (n=10). Risk factors for third-generation cephalosporin resistance include nosocomial acquisition, recent antibiotic drug use, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The negative predictive value for antibiotic drug resistance in the present model was 96% (70 of 73). Overall mortality at 30 and 90 days was 23% and 37%, respectively.ConclusionThese findings support the recent observation of a rising prevalence of gram-positive organisms in SBP. Despite the changing pattern, third-generation cephalosporins seem to provide adequate empirical treatment in patients with community-acquired and health care–associated SBP without hepatocellular carcinoma.  相似文献   
9.
目的:探讨未经治疗的菌阳肺结核与未经治疗的菌阴肺结核的MSCT影像的异同。材料与方法:回顾性分析560例肺结核的MSCT扫描图像,其中菌阳肺结核240例,菌阴肺结核320例。结果-菌阳肺结核一般表现为病灶密度较低,边缘模糊常见,空洞较菌阴肺结核明显为多,菌阴肺结核一般表现为条索影、斑块状阴影、钙化等硬化灶,但也有部分与菌阳肺结核极为相似。结论:菌阳肺结核和菌阴肺结核各有其影像学特点,二者之间有一定的鉴别点。  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundCulture-negative infections can complicate the diagnosis and management of orthopedic infections, particularly periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). This study aimed to identify differences in rate of detection of infection and organisms between cultured using standard and enriched methods.MethodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated PJI samples obtained between January 2013 and December 2017 at Yokohama City University Hospital. Samples were assessed using standard and enrichment culture techniques. White blood cell counts, C-reactive protein levels, type of microorganism (coagulase-positive or coagulase-negative), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus were investigated.ResultsA total of 151 PJI samples were included in the analysis; of these, 68 (45.0%) were positive after standard culture while 83 (55.0%) were positive only after enrichment culture. The mean white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower in the enrichment culture group than in the standard culture group (P < .01). The rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci was significantly higher in the enrichment culture group than in the standard culture group (P < .01).ConclusionThe enrichment culture method has a higher rate of detection of infection than standard culture techniques and should, therefore, be considered when diagnosing orthopedic infections, particularly PJI.  相似文献   
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